Frangible projectile

Abstract

A frangible projectile includes a sintered mass of a plurality of copper or copper alloy plated iron or iron alloy core particles.

Claims

1. A frangible projectile comprising a sintered mass of a plurality of particles, the particles having a core of iron or an iron alloy between about 30 m and about 175 m diameter, and a plating of copper or copper alloy between about 1 m and about 4 m thick.

2. The frangible projectile according to claim 1, wherein the average thickness of the copper or copper alloy plating is about 3 m thick.

3. A frangible projectile comprising a sintered mass of a plurality of particles, the particles having a core of iron or an iron alloy, and a plating of copper or copper alloy between about 1 m and about 4 m thick.

4. The frangible projectile according to claim 3, wherein the average thickness of the copper or copper alloy plating is about 3 m thick.

5. The frangible projectile according to claim 3, wherein the iron core particles are generally spherically shaped.

6. A round of ammunition comprising a shell casing containing a propellant and a primer, and having a frangible projectile according to claim 3 disposed in a shell casing.

7. The frangible projectile according to claim 3, wherein the sintered mass further includes at least one of copper particles, copper alloy particles, iron particles and iron alloy particles.

8. The frangible projectile according to claim 3, wherein the projectile comprises at least 50% by the mass of the copper or copper alloy plated iron or iron alloy core particles.

9. The frangible projectile according to claim 8, wherein the sintered mass further includes at least one of copper particles, copper alloy particles, iron particles and iron alloy particles.

10. The frangible projectile according to claim 3, wherein the iron or iron alloy core particles are between about 10 m and about 330 m diameter.

11. The frangible projectile according to claim 10, wherein the iron or iron alloy core particles are between about 30 m and about 175 m diameter.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 1 is a photograph of a frangible projectile of the type made from compacted metal powder, such as might be made from the copper plated iron powder disclosed herein; and

(3) FIG. 2 is a photograph of an example iron powder that can be used in various embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(4) A frangible projectile constructed according to the principles of this invention is indicated generally as 20 in FIG. 1. The projectile 20 is a conventional pistol bullet, but the invention is not so limited and the frangible projectile can be a rifle bullet or any other type of projectile.

(5) The projectile comprises a plurality of particles that are pressed or sintered (heated and pressed) together to form a frangible solid. At least some, and preferably the majority of the particles are an iron or iron alloy core with a copper or copper alloy plating. These particles are preferably generally spherical, i.e., they generally have an aspect ratio (ratio of longest dimension to shortest dimension) near 1. The particles are preferably between about 12 m and about 336 m, and more preferably between about 32 m and about 181 mm in diameter. The particles do not have to be of uniform shape or size, and preferably a population having a variety of particle shapes sizes.

(6) The particles are preferably formed from iron or iron alloy cores. These cores are preferably generally spherical, i.e., they generally have an aspect ratio (ratio of longest dimension to shortest dimension) near 1, although they are generally irregularly shaped. The cores are preferably about 10 m about 330 m, and more preferably between about 30 m and about 175 m in diameter. The cores do not have to be of uniform size. The content can range from pure iron (with unavoidable purities) to iron alloys. Iron and Iron alloys provide relatively high density at relative low cost. The particular properties are not particularly important. FIG. 2 is a photograph, showing an iron powder that can be used in embodiments of the invention.

(7) The iron or iron alloy cores are plated with a copper or copper alloy. It is believed to be simplest and least expensive to plate the cores with pure copper with an electroplating or chemical deposition process. However, it is also possible to plate the cores with a copper alloy by co-depositing copper and one or more other metals with an electroplating or chemical deposition process, or to sequentially deposit copper and other metals, and allow an alloy to form by heating the plated particles. It is even possible that the formation of the alloy occurs during the sintering process. However, the pure or substantially pure copper plating that results from conventional chemical deposition or electroplating processes is believed by the inventors, to be adequate in most cases.

(8) The plating is preferably between about 1.9 m and about 4 m, and preferably averages less than about 3 m.

(9) The particles can then be formed into the final projectile shape by pressing and/or heating to cause the copper or copper alloy plating to bind the particles together. Additional binders, such as polymeric materials can be added to facilitate the formation of the projectiles. The projectile can then be subject to any finishing steps, including for example plating a jacket on the projectile 20. Such a jacket is not necessary, but it enhances the appearance of the frangible projectile, and may help stabilize the projectile as it is assembled into ammunition, transported, stored, loaded, and even fired.

(10) The final physical properties of the mass can be controlled at least in part by controlling the heating and pressure applied. Binding agents, filler, and other types of particles can be included to further control the properties as desired.

(11) In the past frangible bullets containing iron particles were sometime disfavored because the iron particles could cause sparking, particularly when striking iron or steel objects. Depending upon where the bullets are used, this sparking can present a risk, and has even been known to start fires when not used properly. Because most, if not all, of the iron particles are coated, this tendency is reduced. The ability to use iron allows the cost of the frangible projectiles to be kept low, while maintaining the weight of the projectile closer to the weight of conventional projectiles. Furthermore, the need for lead or other heavy metals is reduced or eliminated.