Method for operating a drive device, and a drive device

Abstract

A method for operating a drive device of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable electric accumulator, in particular a lithium ion battery, power being drawn from the electric accumulator for starting the internal combustion engine with the aid of the electric machine. It is provided that, after the start of the internal combustion engine and until the heated electric accumulator reaches a predefined minimum temperature, the electric accumulator is operated without load. Furthermore, a drive device for a vehicle, in particular for carrying out the above-described method is provided.

Claims

1. A method for operating a drive device of a motor vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable battery, power being drawn from the at least one heatable battery for starting the internal combustion engine with the aid of the electric machine, the method comprising: after starting the internal combustion engine and until the heated at least one heatable battery reaches a predefined minimum temperature, operating the at least one heatable battery in such a way that no charging and no discharging processes take place, wherein at least one of a heated liquid and gaseous medium is supplied to the at least one heatable battery.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the at least one heatable battery is a lithium battery.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein heat energy from an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is supplied to the at least one heatable battery for heating.

4. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the medium is directed at least one of: i) through the at least one heatable battery, and ii) along the at least one heatable battery.

5. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein a fresh air stream is used as the medium, which receives heat energy from exhaust gas using at least one heat exchanger.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein an exhaust gas is used as the medium.

7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the medium is directed as a function of an instantaneous temperature of the at least one heatable battery.

8. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein high-frequency current signals are generated in the at least one heatable battery for heating the at least one heatable battery.

9. The method as recited in claim 8, wherein the at least one heatable battery includes at least one plate capacitor, and a charge of at least one plate capacitor of the battery is reversed using the high-frequency current signals.

10. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein at least one DC/DC converter is used to generate the high-frequency current signals.

11. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein the high-frequency current signals are generated via a highly dynamic regulation of the electric machine.

12. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein, to adjust the no-load operation of the at least one heatable battery, an accumulator current regulation using a current setpoint value equal to zero or a high-frequency current setpoint value is used for heating.

13. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein, to adjust the no-load operation of the at least one heatable battery, an accumulator power regulation using a power setpoint value equal to zero or a high-frequency power setpoint value is used for heating.

14. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein one of warmed-up passenger compartment air or a passenger compartment heating system is used for heating.

15. A drive device for a motor vehicle, which includes an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable battery, the internal combustion engine being startable using the electric machine by drawing power from the at least one heatable battery, the drive device comprising: a heating arrangement to heat the at least one heatable battery, the battery being operated in such a way that no charging and no discharging processes take place after a start of the internal combustion engine until the battery reaches a predefined minimum temperature, wherein the heating arrangement includes at least one flow channel to supply at least one of a heated liquid and gaseous medium to the at least one heatable battery.

16. The drive device as recited in claim 15, wherein at least in some areas, the flow channel is directed at least one of through and along the at least one heatable battery.

17. The drive device as recited in claim 15, wherein the heating arrangement includes a heat exchanger associated with an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine for heating the medium.

18. The drive device as recited in claim 15, further comprising: a bypass for the medium, associated with one of the heat exchanger and the at least one heatable battery, which is adjustable as a function of an instantaneous accumulator temperature.

19. The drive device as recited in claim 15, wherein the flow channel is an exhaust gas flow channel.

20. The drive device as recited in claim 15, wherein the heating arrangement includes at least one DC/DC converter to generate high-frequency current signals in the at least one heatable battery.

21. The drive device as recited in claim 15, wherein electric heating elements are arranged one of in the battery or near the at least one heatable battery for heating.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Below, the present invention is explained in greater detail with reference to the figures.

(2) FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an advantageous method for operating a drive device.

(3) FIG. 2 shows a first exemplary embodiment of an advantageous drive device.

(4) FIG. 3 shows an alternative diagram of an electric accumulator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS

(5) FIG. 1 shows, in a flow chart, an exemplary embodiment of an advantageous method for operating a drive device of a vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, at least one electric machine, and at least one heatable electric accumulator. In a first step 1, the internal combustion engine is started with the aid of the electric machine, which is conveniently mechanically linked or linkable to the internal combustion engine. Power is drawn from the electric accumulator for operating the electric machine. When the internal combustion engine is started, the instantaneous temperature of the electric accumulator is ascertained in a query 2. If query 2 results in the instantaneous temperature of the electric accumulator corresponding to or exceeding a predefined minimum temperature of 0 C., for example, (j=yes), in a subsequent step 3 the drive device, which is actually designed as a hybrid drive device, is operated normally. This means that, for example, power recovery operation, boost operation, and electric driving are possible. If query 2 results in the temperature being less than the predefined minimum temperature of the electric accumulator (n=no), in a subsequent step 4 it is determined that the electric accumulator will be operated without load, i.e., in such a way that no charging and/or discharging processes take place. At the same time, the electric accumulator is heated until query 2 results in the instantaneous temperature of the accumulator satisfying the predefined minimum temperature. As soon as this occurs, the drive device is operated normally (step 3) again and the heating of the electric accumulator is terminated.

(6) Due to the no-load operation of the electric accumulator, which is designed in this case as a lithium ion battery, below the predefined minimum temperature of 0 C., for example, rapid aging of the accumulator is avoided, i.e., prevented. In particular, charging the lithium ion battery results in rapid aging. Due to the no-load operation and heating of the electric accumulator, on the one hand, rapid aging of the electric accumulator is prevented; on the other hand, it is achieved that the electric accumulator may be operated normally again shortly after the internal combustion engine is started. The required electric power may be generated by the electric machine operating as a generator during the phase of the no-load operation. The no-load operation of the energy accumulator may be achieved with an electric machine operating as a generator (in particular for supplying a vehicle electrical system) via accumulator charging current regulation using setpoint value 0. If heating is to be provided via ohmic losses, an AC current setpoint value without a DC component may be used in this regulation.

(7) FIGS. 2 and 3 show exemplary embodiments of advantageous drive devices which make heating of the electric accumulator possible.

(8) FIG. 2 shows a part of the above-described drive device 5. An electric accumulator 6, which is designed as a lithium ion battery 7, is depicted. Electric accumulator 6 is electrically connected to the electric machine (not depicted here), so that the latter may draw power from or supply power to electric accumulator 6. In the present exemplary embodiment, accumulator 6 is advantageously situated in the proximity of an exhaust system 8 of the internal combustion engine, which is also not depicted here. A heat exchanger 9, which is situated in the flow direction at the exhaust system downstream from a catalytic converter and draws heat energy from the exhaust gas flowing in the direction of arrows 10, is associated with exhaust system 8. A branch 11 of a flow channel 12 is directed through heat exchanger 9, the power drawn from the exhaust gas being supplied to a gaseous and/or liquid medium flowing through flow channel 12 in the direction of arrows 13. Of course, opposite flow directions of exhaust gas and medium are also possible. Branch 11 of flow channel 12 leads to an advantageous pump 14, which pumps the gaseous and/or liquid medium through flow channel 12 to electric accumulator 6 and through the same or through a housing of electric accumulator 6. Fresh air is advantageously directed through heat exchanger 9 and there heated using the heat energy drawn from the exhaust gas. The medium thus heated then flows through accumulator 6 or its housing and gives off heat energy to electric accumulator 6, so that the latter rapidly reaches its predefined minimum temperature of 0 C. Flow channel 12 and heat exchanger 9 form a heating arrangement 15 here, which are used for heating electric accumulator 6. To terminate the heating or to modify or adjust the rate of heating, a bypass 16 is provided, which is formed by a second branch 17 of flow channel 12. The volume flow of the medium through branch 11 along arrows 13 and the volume flow through second branch 17 of flow channel 12 or through bypass 16 along arrows 19 may be set via a valve 18. Valve 18 may be adjusted, for example, in such a way that branch 11 is closed and only fresh air is supplied to electric accumulator 6. The valve may also only partially close or unblock the particular branch 11, 17. Alternatively it is also possible that the heated exhaust gas itself or part thereof is directed through electric accumulator 6 or its housing or directed along it.

(9) FIG. 3 shows an alternative or additional option for heating electric accumulator 6. FIG. 3 shows an alternative diagram of an electric accumulator. An ideal voltage source U.sub.0 and two PT1 elements 20, 21 are depicted. Furthermore, the alternative diagram shows an ohmic resistor 22 and a plate capacitor 23 connected in parallel to ideal voltage source U.sub.0. Ohmic resistor 22 is shown simplified for two internal resistors, between which plate capacitor 23 is connected.

(10) Second PT1 element 21 basically represents the chemical reaction in the electric accumulator, which takes place at a slow rate. If electric accumulator 6 is excited with a frequency of 200 Hz, the charge of the plate capacitor is reversed without affecting the chemical system. Due to the charge reversal of the plate capacitor, heat is generated in the ohmic resistors, which heat electric accumulator 6. No charging and/or discharging processes take place due to the high-frequency current signal with the help of which accumulator 6 is excited. This makes it possible to operate electric accumulator 6 without load and to heat it electrically; the power needed for excitation may be provided, for example, by the electric machine operating as a generator. During the time after start until the electric accumulator reaches its predefined minimum temperature, the drive device is operated conventionally. Different components of the (traction) electrical system of the vehicle may be used for generating the high-frequency current signals, which, however, must have an energy accumulator of their own. If this is a system having an additional DC/DC converter for connecting an intermediate circuit and the (traction) electrical system, the latter may be used. The power then oscillates between the electric accumulator and the intermediate circuit capacitor, the losses being covered via the generator operation of the electric machine.

(11) It is also possible to rapidly modify the current flow with the aid of a highly dynamic regulation of the electric machine and thus to implement a high-frequency excitation of the electric accumulator.