METHOD OF REMOVING A COATING MADE OF AN ORGANIC MATERIAL ADHERING TO THE SURFACE OF TIN-PLATED SHEET STEEL

Abstract

A method of removing a coating made of an organic material, in particular an organic lacquer or a polymer coating, which adheres to the surface of tin-plated sheet steel. In a first step, the tin layer of the tin-plated sheet steel is completely or incipiently melted by exposure to electromagnetic radiation with a predefined wavelength, to which the organic coating is at least primarily transparent, with the organic coating becoming detached from tin layer, and in a second step, the organic material of the coating which detached from the tin layer is removed.

Claims

1. A method of removing a coating made of an organic material, in particular an organic lacquer or a polymer coating, adhering to the surface of tinplated sheet steel, the method comprising: completely or incipiently melting the tin layer of the tinplated sheet steel by exposure to electromagnetic radiation with a predefined wavelength, to which the organic coating is at least primarily transparent, with the organic coating detaching from the tin layer, removing the organic material of the coating which detached from the tin layer.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein at least the surface of the tin layer is heated to temperatures above the melting point of the tin by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, or the tin layer is melted throughout the entire thickness of the tin layer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the exposure to the electromagnetic radiation takes place for a predefined and limited irradiation time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, after the end of the irradiation time, the completely or incipiently melted tin layer cools to temperatures below the melting point of the tin, which causes the completely or incipiently melted tin layer to resolidify.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, as a result of the incipient or complete melting of the tin layer, the coating becomes detached from the surface of the tin layer.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the energy density of the electromagnetic radiation used is such that the tin on the surface of the tin layer vaporizes, thereby causing the coating to be spalled off from the surface of the tin layer.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the energy density of the electromagnetic radiation is higher than 4 J/cm.sup.2 and, in particular, is in a range of 1 to 8 J/cm.sup.2 and especially in a range of 2 to 6 J/cm.sup.2.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic radiation applied is pulsed, in particular with a pulse frequency in a range of 1 to 100 kHz and a pulse length in a range of 1 to 1000 ns and a preferred pulse length in a range of 10 to 100 ns.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is in the NIR range and in particular in a range of 0.8 to 2.5 m.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the tinplated sheet steel has the form of a tinplate panel or section, on which one strip or a plurality of strips of the coating are detached from the surface of the tinplated sheet steel by exposure to the electromagnetic radiation, so as to create strip-shaped, coating-free blocked-out areas on the tinplate panel or section.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the width of the strip or of each strip is in a range of 1 to 8 mm and in particular between 3 and 7 mm.

12. The method of claim 7, wherein, in a first area of the strip or of each strip, a lower energy density, and in a second area of the strip, a higher energy density of the electromagnetic radiation is applied, with the higher energy density being sufficient to vaporize at least the surface of the tin of the tin layer and thereby to spall off the organic coating.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the removal of the organic material of the coating which detached from the tin layer takes place by suction or blowing.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material of the coating is an organic lacquer, in particular from the group of vinyl, epoxy or epoxy phenolic resin lacquers, or a polymer material, in particular PET, PP and PE.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] These and other advantages and characteristics of the disclosure follow from the embodiment example described in greater detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

[0014] FIGS. 1A and 1B: schematic representations of the method disclosed, using as an example a tinplate panel with an organic coating which, by means of the method according to the disclosure, is removed in the predefined areas from the tinplate surface so as to create blocked-out areas;

[0015] FIG. 2: a diagram which illustrates the relationship between the remaining coating weight of the tin-plated sheet steel (tinplate) and the energy density produced in the method disclosed by the electromagnetic radiation inside the tin layer;

[0016] FIGS. 3A and 3B: a detail view of a blocked-out area in the organic coating of a tinplate section, said blocked-out area in FIG. 3A being located along the edge and in FIG. 3B in the middle of the tinplate section;

[0017] FIG. 4: a cross section through tinplate coated with an organic coating.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] FIGS. 1A and 1B shows two variants of an embodiment for carrying out the method disclosed on a tinplate panel that is coated with an organic material. FIG. 4 shows a cross section through tinplate 1 (tin-plated sheet steel) which is coated on both sides with an organic coating 2. FIG. 4 reveals the layer structure which comprises the sheet steel 1a, the tin layer 1b which has been applied to both sides of the sheet steel and the organic coating 2 which adheres to the tin layer 1b. The tin layer 1b is preferably electrolytically applied to the sheet steel la. After the electrolytic application to the sheet steel 1a, the tin layer 1b was preferably at least partially melted so that an alloy layer 1c forms along the interface between the tin layer 1b and the sheet steel 1a, which alloy layer consists of iron atoms of the steel and tin atoms of the tin layer 1b. This alloy layer causes the tin layer 1b to adhere intimately to the sheet steel 1a and increases the corrosion resistance of the tinplate 1.

[0019] The coating 2 which adheres to the surface of the tin layer 1b is made of an organic material. This organic material can be, for example, an organic lacquer, e.g., a vinyl, epoxy or epoxy phenolic resin lacquer. The organic coating 2 can also be a polymer material, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE). The polymer coating can be applied, for example, by laminating a polymer film, in particular a PET, PP or PE film, or by directly extruding a molten polymer material, such as PET, PE or PP, onto the surface of the tin layer.

[0020] By means of the method disclosed, the organic coating 2 which adheres to the tin layer 1b of tinplate 1 is removed in predefined areas so as to create blocked-out areas on the surface of the coated tinplate, which blocked-out areas are free from organic material. During the subsequent production of three-piece cans, the created blocked-out areas can be welding areas, along which the tinplate can be welded to produce can bodies.

[0021] In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 1A, strip-shaped blocked-out areas 3 are provided, the longitudinal direction of which extends parallel to the rolling direction W of the sheet steel 1a and which, at right angles with respect to the rolling direction W, run at a predefined distance d relative to each another. After implementation of the method according to the disclosure, in the course of which blocked-out areas 3 are created on the tinplate surface, tinplate sections 4 are cut from the tinplate 1 shown in FIG. 1A. In FIG. 1A, the cuts to be made are identified by the broken lines. Each section 4 cut in this manner from the tinplate 1 can be used in the production of a can body for a three-piece can, with the section 4 being bent to form a cylindrical jacket and being welded together along its edges. The edges of each section 4, which are welded together during the production of the can body, have the blocked-out areas 3 which were produced by means of the method according to the disclosure and which are free from organic material, thereby making it possible to join the blocked-out areas 3 by welding them together. In FIG. 1A, the right section 4 in the lowermost row shows the height h and the circumference U of the can body which is produced from this section 4.

[0022] Using the method according to disclosure, it is similarly possible to create blocked-out areas 3 on the surface of the tinplate 1, which blocked-out areas run at right angles with respect to the rolling direction W of the sheet steel 1a and which, in the rolling direction W, are disposed at a predefined distance d from each other. This embodiment variant of the method according to the disclosure is illustrated in FIG. 1B. After the blocked-out areas 3 have been created, this embodiment variant again provides for sections 4 to be cut from the tinplate 1, which sections are joined along the edges comprising the blocked-out areas 3 by welding them together along a weld seam, thereby producing a can body.

[0023] To create the blocked-out areas 3 on the surface of the coated tinplate 1, first the coating 2 adhering to the surface of the tin layer 1b is detached from the tin layer 1b by directing electromagnetic radiation of high energy density, for example, laser radiation, onto the surface of the coated tinplate 1. The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation, which is preferably monochromatic, is selected to ensure that the organic coating 2 is at least primarily transparent to radiation of the selected wavelength. This is to ensure that the electromagnetic radiation at least for the most part completely passes through the organic coating 2 without being absorbed and therefore reaches the area of the tin layer 1b. To ensure this, it suffices if the coefficient of transmission of the organic coating 2 for the selected wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation is at least 75%.

[0024] The energy density of the applied electromagnetic radiation and the length of irradiation time are selected to ensure that as a result of the application of the electromagnetic radiation, at least the surface of the tin layer 1b is heated to temperatures above the melting point of the tin (232 C.). This causes at least the surface of the tin layer 1b to be incipiently melted. At a sufficiently high depth of penetration of the electromagnetic radiation and a sufficiently long irradiation time, the tin layer 1b can also be heated throughout its entire thickness to temperatures above the melting point of the tin and can thus be completely melted.

[0025] To make it possible for the incipiently melted surface the tin layer 1b or the completely melted tin layer to resolidify, application of the electromagnetic radiation is stopped after a predefined length of irradiation time. A useful length of irradiation time is in a range of 1 nanosecond to 1000 nanoseconds (ns), preferably between 10 and 100 ns, and especially at a reference irradiation time of 30 ns. The applied energy density e of the radiation is preferably adjusted to the length of irradiation time t, with the relationship between the energy density e(t) and the length of irradiation time being expressed as follows:

[00001]$e\left(t\right)=e_{\mathrm{Ref}}.Math.\sqrt{\frac{t}{t_{\mathrm{Ref}}}},$

where [0026] t [ns] is the length of irradiation time, [0027] e(t) [J/cm.sup.2] is the energy density at the desired length of irradiation time, [0028] t.sub.ref=30 ns is the reference length of irradiation time and e.sub.Ref is the reference energy density at the reference length of irradiation time [0029] and e.sub.Ref is between 1 J/cm.sup.2 and 8 J/cm.sup.2.

[0030] As a result of incipiently or completely melting the tin layer 1b for a short time, the organic coating 2 detaches from the tin layer 1b, while at least the surface of this tin layer is molten. After solidification of the incipiently or completely melted tin layer 1b, the organic coating 2 adheres, if at all, only weakly to the surface of the tin layer 1b. Because of the no longer present, or at best very weak, adhesion, the coating 2 that detached from the tin layer 1b can subsequently be very easily removed, for example, by blowing with a stream of gas or by suction in vacuo or even by mechanical action.

[0031] To obtain smooth edges along the blocked-out areas 3, it is recommended that the remaining coating 2 made of the organic material, which still adheres to the tin layer 1b, be cut off along the edges of the blocked-out areas 3. This can be done, for example, by means of laser cutting, using a laser cutter with a wavelength that is not absorbed by the organic coating 2.

[0032] It has been found that the edges of the blocked-out areas 3 can also be very efficiently cut off by means of the electromagnetic radiation that is used in the method according to the disclosure for incipiently or completely melting the tin layer 1b. This requires an energy density of more than 4 J/cm.sup.2. If electromagnetic radiation with an energy density of more than 4 J/cm.sup.2 is applied, the tin layer 1b is not merely heated to temperatures above the melting point of the tin, but instead the tin on the surface of the tin layer 1b is vaporized. Because of the vaporization of the tin on the surface of the tin layer, the coating 2 adhering to the tin layer 1b is spalled off from the tin layer 1b and thereby automatically detaches, without requiring an active step to remove the organic material of the coating 2. Because of the spontaneous spalling of the organic coating, the spalled-off area of the coating 2 detaches from the other areas of the coating 2 that are to remain on the surface of the tinplate. When this procedure is used, it is not necessary to cut off the edges of the blocked-out areas 3 from the areas of the coating 2 which still remain on the surface of the tinplate.

[0033] By means of comparative experiments, it was possible to demonstrate that at an irradiation time of 30 ns in the range of an energy density from 1.0 to 4.0J/cm.sup.2, the tin layer 1b is merely incipiently or completely melted, whereas at energy densities higher than 4 J/cm.sup.2, the organic coating is spontaneously spalled off from the tin layer 1b because at these high energy densities, the tin on the surface of the tin layer 1b vaporizes. This is illustrated in the diagram of FIG. 2. In this diagram, the coating weights of the tin layer 1b, which after implementation of the method according to the disclosure remains on the sheet steel 1a as a result of the application of an electromagnetic radiation at various energy densities, are plotted as a function of the applied energy density, with the coating weight of the remaining tin layer being plotted on the ordinate and the applied energy densities on the abscissa of the diagram. It can be seen that when electromagnetic radiation with energy densities from 4.5 J/cm.sup.2 to 5.5 J/cm.sup.2 is applied, the coating weight of the remaining tin layer is by approximately 20% lower than the coating weight of the tin layer at an energy density in the range from 2 to 4.0 J/cm.sup.2. This indicates that upon application of the high energy densities, the coating weight of the remaining tin layer 1b is reduced, which leads to the conclusion that part of the tin layer 1b on the surface vaporizes. In the diagram of FIG. 2, the alloyed portion of the coating weight, which in the region of the alloy layer has been alloyed with the iron of the steel, is plotted as well.

[0034] During application of an electromagnetic radiation for the purpose of incipiently or completely melting the tin layer 1b, the use of excessively high energy densities should be avoided so as to ensure that a sufficiently large quantity of free tin remains in the tin layer 1b. At a coating weight of at least 0.5 g/m.sup.2 of free tin, the tin-plated sheet steel 1 remains readily weldable. The energy density of the electromagnetic radiation is therefore preferably limited to a maximum of 8 J/cm.sup.2.

[0035] Examples of implementations of the method according to the disclosure will be described below:

Example 1 (Comparative Example)

[0036] On tinplate 1 which is coated with a PET film, blocked-out areas 3 were created in the coating 2 by exposing these areas to radiation by means of a CO2 laser with a wavelength of 9.3 m. The material of the coating 2 (PET) is for the most part opaque to the wavelength (9.3 m) of the laser used and therefore absorbs the laser radiation applied. The laser radiation applied was pulsed with a pulse frequency of 20 kHz and a duty cycle of 20% at a maximum laser power of 1 kW. Application of the laser radiation causes the PET film that is laminated onto the tinplate 1 to burn. It was not possible to find laser settings at which the PET film burns and can be removed from the surface of the tinplate without leaving a residue. A thin residual PET film remains at least in the middle of the area that was exposed to laser radiation. Even a repeat application of radiation was unable to remove these film residues. An increase in the laser power also did not lead to a residueless removal, but instead, especially if the laser power was very high, merely to undesirable thermally induced stresses in the tinplate 1.

Example 2 (Example According to the Disclosure)

[0037] Tinplate 1 identical to that of Example 1 was exposed to radiation by means of a pulsed solid state laser, the wavelength of which was 1.03 m, rather than to radiation by means of a CO.sub.2 laser. The organic material (PET) of the coating 2 is transparent to this wavelength, so that the laser radiation at least primarily acts on the interface between the tin layer 1b and the PET film laminated thereon. Short pulse durations from 10 to 100 ns, in particular of 30 ns, were used so as to be able to achieve the highest possible energy input into the tin layer 1b at a low thermal load on the tinplate 1. The pulse frequency of the pulsed laser radiation used was in a range of 1 to 100 kHz, in particular a pulse frequency of 10 kHz was used. The pulse overlap of the laser pulses was varied within a range from 10% to 50%, at a line overlap of 10%. By varying the applied energy density and the pulse overlap it was possible to demonstrate that at energy densities higher than 4 J/cm.sup.2, the organic coating 2 spontaneously spalls off from the tin layer 1b, with the surface of the layer 1b being vaporized.

[0038] Using the pulsed laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.03 m, strip-shaped blocked-out areas without residues were created in the coating 2. By exposing the coated tinplate 1 in the blocked-out areas to this laser radiation, the coating 2 first detached from the tin layer 1b, and it was subsequently possible to remove it, for example, by blowing or suction.

Example 3 (Example According to the Disclosure)

[0039] To detach a strip-shaped blocked-out area in the coating 2 of tinplate 1, in a first area 3a, an approximately 4 mm wide strip along the edge of a tinplate section was exposed to radiation by the laser of Example 1 at an energy density of 3 J/cm.sup.2, as shown in FIG. 3A. As a result of the application of the laser radiation at an energy density of approximately 3 J/cm.sup.2, the surface of the tin layer 1b was incipiently melted, which caused the coating 2 in this area to detach from the incipiently melted tin layer. In an adjacent strip-shaped second area 3b facing toward the inside of the section, the tinplate 1 was exposed to laser radiation at a higher energy density of 5.0 J/cm.sup.2. In this area, the high energy density caused the surface of the tin of the tin layer 1b to vaporize and led to a spontaneous spalling of the coating 2. This had the effect that the spalled-off area of the coating 2 in the laser-exposed second area 3b was at the same time cut off the coating 2 which in the area of the tinplate that was not exposed to radiation still remained on the surface of the tin layer 1b. This procedure led to a clean separation of the remaining coating 2 from the separated coating and thus produced a clean edge along the blocked-out area 3. It was subsequently possible to easily blow off the coating, which had been separated in the laser-exposed areas 3a and 3b from the tinplate, by means of a stream of air or to suction it off with a suctioning device.

[0040] Similarly, a strip-shaped blocked-out area 3 of the coating 2 of the tinplate 1 can also be created in the middle of a tinplate section or panel, as shown in FIG. 3B, in which case here, in order to separate the coating 2 remaining on the tin surface, an outer area 3b of the blocked-out area 3 was exposed to radiation at a higher energy density of >4 J/cm.sup.2 so as to spontaneously spall off the coating 2 and the inner area 3a to radiation at a lower energy density of <4 J/cm.sup.2.

Example 4

[0041] After implementation of the method according to the disclosure, in the course of which strip-shaped blocked out areas 3 had been created along the edges of the tinplate sections, the tinplate samples 1 treated as described in Examples 2 and 3 were welded together in the areas of the blocked-out areas 3 by means of seam resistance welding. Welding together the tinplate sections along a weld seam in the area of the blockouts at the welding speeds conventionally used in the production of 3-piece cans presented no problems.