Water-glycol hydraulic fluid compositions

Abstract

A morpholine-free water-hydraulic liquid composition includes water, a glycol, a polyglycol such as a polyalkylene glycol, an aliphatic carboxylic acid that contains from six to 14 carbon atoms, and a combination of amines and alkanolamines.

Claims

1. A morpholine-free water-hydraulic liquid composition, consisting of: water, a glycol, a polyglycol, decanoic acid, a combination of amines and alkanolamines, and optionally a primary alkanolamine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane and 2-amino-1-butanol, wherein the combination of amines and alkanolamines comprises 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and N,N-diethylethanolamine, wherein the composition has a pH equal to or greater than 9, and wherein the composition yields a total weight loss of ring and vanes in a modified Vickers Vane V104C pump test of less than 20 milligrams per 100 hours as measured in accord with ASTM D-7043 modified by using a one gallon reservoir, rather than a five gallon reservoir according to ASTM D-7043, stripping the pump subsequent to each test run and cleaning the stripped parts and rebuilding the pump, and conducting wear testing at a pressure of 2000 psig (14 MPa), a rotary speed of 1200 revolutions per minute (rpm), a bulk fluid temperature of 65 C. and a test duration of 100 hours, and wherein the composition has an initial reserve alkalinity from 145 milliliters to 200 milliliters, and wherein the polyglycol is a random copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with an ethylene oxide content within a range of from 50 weight-percent to 90 weight-percent and a complementary content of propylene oxide within a range of from 10 weight-percent to 50 weight-percent in each case based upon total weight of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, with complimentary amount of propylene oxide, when added to amount of ethylene oxide, equaling 100 percent by weight and wherein the composition has a water content from 30 to 54 percent by weight based upon total composition weight and wherein the composition has a polymer content from 10 to 20 percent by weight based upon total composition weight; and wherein the composition has from 0.5 to 1 percent by weight of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, from 0.1 to 2 percent by weight combined N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and N,N-diethylethanolamine; and from 0.5 to 2.5 percent by weight decanoic acid, all based upon total composition weight.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the decanoic acid is present in an amount sufficient to form an equilibrium acid-base salt complex with at least one amine.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the primary alkanolamine is at least one of monoethanolamine and 2-amino-1-butanol.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the glycol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, a bottom glycols fraction produced during manufacture of diethylene glycol, and butylene glycol, and the alkylene glycol is present in an amount within a range of from 30 percent by weight to 50 percent by weight, based upon total weight composition.

5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polyglycol is prepared from a random mixed feed of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide onto an initiator selected from glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane or diethylene glycol.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) The following examples illustrate, but do not limit, the present invention. All parts and percentages are based upon weight, unless otherwise stated. All temperatures are in C. Examples (Ex) of the present invention are designated by Arabic numerals and Comparative Examples (Comp Ex or CEx) are designated by capital alphabetic letters. Unless otherwise stated herein, room temperature and ambient temperature are nominally 25 C.

Ex 1-2 and Comp Ex A-M

(2) Prepare a plurality of glycol/water solutions having compositions as shown in Table 1 below using the following procedure: to a 1000 ml beaker, add water, then diethylene glycol, followed by amine and alkanolamine, either separately together or in any order. Stir contents of the beaker at ambient temperature (nominally 25 C.) until the contents have a visual appearance of a clear, homogeneous solution. Add decanoic acid with continued stirring at ambient temperature until the contents regain the visual appearance. Add tolyltriazole with continued stirring until the tolyltriazole appears to be fully dissolved. While ambient temperature typically suffices, mild heating (e.g. up to 50 C.) may enhance dissolution of the tolyltriazole. Finally, add polyglycol (polyalkylene glycol) with continued stirring at ambient temperature until contents of the beaker regain the appearance of a clear, homogeneous solution.

(3) In Tables 1-4 below, AMP=2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (commercially available from Angus Chemical under the trade designation AMP-95); MIPA=mono-isopropanolamine; TEA=triethanolamine; DMEA=N,N-dimethylethanolamine; DEEA N,N-diethylethanolamine; DEG=diethylene glycol; and PAG=polyalkylene glycol (also known as d-PAG-A, a developmental glycerol initiated polyalkylene glycol having an ethylene oxide content of 75 percent by weight (wt %) and a propylene oxide content of 25 wt %, in each case based upon total PAG weight, a molecular weight of approximately 25,300, a hydroxyl group (OH) percentage of 0.2, and a viscosity, at 210 degrees Fahrenheit (( F.) (93.3 degrees centigrade ( C.)), of 11800 centistokes (cSt) (0.012 square meters per second (m.sup.2/s)).

(4) Subject the resulting solutions to RA determination (ml), solution pH determination, solution corrosion testing and vapor phase corrosion testing using procedures as detailed above. Report corrosion testing using the following code: 5=no visually detectable corrosion; 4=from greater than 0 percent observed surface corrosion to less than 10 percent observed surface corrosion; 3=from 10 percent observed surface corrosion to less than 50 percent observed surface corrosion; 2=from 50 percent observed surface corrosion to less than 80 percent observed surface corrosion; and 1=from 80 percent observed surface corrosion to 100 percent observed surface corrosion.

(5) Comp Ex A contains no alkanolamine, a component that functions as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor. The remaining Ex and Comp Ex in Table 1 contain an amount of at least one of, TEA, DMEA and DEEA as a vapor phase corrosion inhibitor.

(6) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Glycol/Water Solution Composition and Corrosion, pH and Reserve Alkalinity Test Results Component/Ex or Comp Ex CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx B C D E 1 F 2 G H I J K L M A % % % % % % % % % % % % % % Water 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 DEG 46.0 44.0 44.0 44.5 44.5 44.75 44.75 45 45 45.2 45.2 45.05 45.05 44.85 44.5 PAG 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 Decanoic 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 acid Tolyl- 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 triazole AMP 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.4 0.25 MIPA 0.65 0.65 0.6 0.6 TEA 0.5 1.0 DMEA 2.0 1.5 1.25 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.25 DEEA 2.0 1.5 1.25 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.75 RA (ml) 62 254 248 203 176 180 166 149 112 150 180 196 167 n/d n/d pH 7.4 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.9 9.6 9.6 9.2 9.7 9.85 9.76 9.82 9.87 n/d n/d Table 1 Solution Corrosion Performance CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex A B C D E 1 F 2 Steel 5, 5 5, 5 5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5.4, 5 Cast Iron 4, 4 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 4.5, 5 Aluminum 4, 4 1, 1 2.5, 2.5 2.5, 2.5 4, 3.5 3.5, 4 3, 3.5 3.5, 4 Copper 4, 4 5, 5 5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 4.5, 4.5 4, 5 Brass 4, 4 4, 3 4, 4 4, 3 3, 3 4, 4 3, 2 4, 4.5 Table 1 Solution Corrosion Performance CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx G H I J K L M Steel 5, 5 4.5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 4, 4.5 4, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 Cast Iron 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 4, 4 4, 3.5 2, 2 3, 3 2.2, 3 Aluminum 4, 4 2.5, 3 3, 3 2, 2 2, 2 3, 3 3, 3 Copper 4, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 5, 5 5, 5 Brass 3.5, 3.5 2, 2 2, 2 1.5, 2 1.5, 3 4, 4 4.5, 4.5 Table 1 Vapour Phase Corrosion Performance CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx A B C D E 1 F 2 G H I J K L M Steel 4, 3 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4, 4 5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 5, 4 5, 4.5 Cast Iron 1, 1 4, 4 5, 4 4, 4.5 4, 4 4, 4.5 4.5, 5 4.5, 4.5 5, 4.5 3.5, 3.5 4, 4 4, 4 4.5, 4 3, 3 2.5, 3

(7) The data presented in Table 1 above, suggest that one avoid using a combination of MIPA, as a primary amine, with either DMEA or DEEA as an alkanolamine. See Comp Ex J and Comp Ex K, which show poor compatibility with aluminium and Comp Ex H through Comp Ex K which show poor compatibility with brass. The data also suggest that TEA fails to provide adequate vapour phase corrosion protection for cast iron (Comp Ex L and Comp Ex M). The data further suggest that certain fluids (Ex 1 and Ex 2), which contain AMP-95, in combination with DMEA, have desirable corrosion performance test results as well as suitable reserve alkalinities and pH values.

(8) Longer term testing than that summarized in Table 1 above suggests that, by maintaining RA within a range of from 150 ml to 200 ml, one realizes better pump performance than that provided by water/glycol fluids that contain the same components, but have a reserve alkalinity of less than 150 ml or greater than 200 ml. Values less than 150 ml trend toward rapid depletion of the reserve amine levels and in turn, ferrous corrosion problems and higher pump wear rates, whereas values in excess of 200 ml provide poor aluminium compatibility.

Ex 3-8 and Comp Ex N-T

(9) Replicate Ex 1 above with formulation changes as shown in Table 2 below. The formulations contain fixed amounts of water, PAG (d-PAG-A), decanoic acid and tolyltriazole, and varying amounts of AMP-95, DEEA and/or DMEA, and DEG as shown in Table 2. Table 2 also contains corrosion performance, pH and reserve alkalinity test data.

(10) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Glycol/Water Solution Composition and Corrosion, pH and Reserve Alkalinity Test Results Component/Ex or CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex CEx CEx Ex Ex Ex Ex N O P Q 3 R 4 S T 5 6 7 8 Water 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 DEG 44.8 44.8 44.85 45.05 45.25 45.25 45.05 45.05 45.25 44.95 45.05 45.1 45.05 PAG 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 Decanoic acid 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Tolyltriazole 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 AMP 0.6 0.6 0.65 0.65 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.65 0.6 DMEA 1.35 1.25 1 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.55 DEEA 1.35 1.25 1 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.55 RA (ml) 197 193 193 195 146 119 172 130 139 174 179 177 177 pH 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.2 9.5 9.3 9.6 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.4 9.5 Solution Corrosion Performance Ex or CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex CEx CEx Ex Ex Ex Ex N O P Q 3 R 4 S T 5 6 7 8 Steel 4.5, 4 4, 4 5, 4.5 4, 4 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 Cast Iron 4.5, 4 3, 3 3.5, 4 4, 4 4.5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 4, 4 5, 4 5, 5 5, 5 Aluminium 2.5, 3 2, 2 3.5, 3.5 3, 3 3, 4 4.5, 4.5 3.5, 3.5 4.5, 4 4, 3.5 4, 3.5 3, 3 3, 3.5 4.5, 4.5 Copper 4.5, 4.5 4, 4.5 4, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 4.5, 4 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 Brass 4.5, 4 4, 4.5 4, 5 4.5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 4, 5 4, 4 5, 4 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 4.5, 4.5 Vapour Phase Corrosion Performance Ex or CEx CEx CEx CEx CEx Ex CEx Ex CEx CEx Ex Ex Ex Ex N O P Q 3 R 4 S T 5 6 7 8 Steel 4.5, 5 4.5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4.5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 4.5 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 4.5, 4 5, 5 5, 5 5, 5 Cast Iron 4, 4 3, 3.5 4.5, 4 3.5, 3 4.5, 5 5, 4.5 5, 4.5 4, 4 4.5, 4.5 4, 4 4.5, 5 5, 5 4.5, 4.5

(11) The data presented in Table 2 show that certain fluids (Ex 3-8), which contain AMP, in combination with either or both of DEEA or DMEA, have desirable corrosion performance test results as well as suitable reserve alkalinities and pH values. The fluids of Ex 3-8 all have a DEEA and/or DMEA content less than 1.25 wt %, based upon total fluid weight. The data suggest that a single formulation change, as shown in Ex 3 (contains DMEA) and Comp Ex R (contains DEEA) yields a shift in both fluid pH and reserve alkalinity in conjunction with minor changes in corrosion performance. Comp Ex N and Comp Ex O, which have respective levels of DMEA and DEEA greater than any other fluid shown in Table 2, evidence unacceptable aluminium compatibility whereas Comp Ex P and Comp Ex Q, with slightly lower (1.25 wt % versus 1.35 wt %) DMEA or DEEA level, have comparable corrosion performance for all metals except aluminium in conjunction with improved corrosion performance relative to aluminium. Ex 3-8 all show excellent multi-metal corrosion performance, both solution corrosion performance and vapor phase corrosion performance, relative to Comp Ex N-O.

Ex 9-14 and CEx U-V

(12) Replicate Ex 5 with changes to prepare a plurality of water/glycol fluid compositions with varying water and DEG contents as shown in Table 3 below. Reduce the amount of tolyltriazole from 0.1 wt % to 0.06 wt % and add 0.04 wt % of an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) copolymer having an ethylene oxide content of 28 wt %, based upon copolymer weight (UCON Lub 1281, commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company) to counter the reduction in tolyltriazole amount, each wt % being based upon total water/glycol fluid composition weight.

(13) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex CEx CEx 9 10 11 12 13 14 U V Water 40 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 DEG 44.95 40.95 38.95 36.95 34.95 32.95 30.95 28.95 PAG 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 11.75 AMP 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 DEEA 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 DMEA 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 EO/PO 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 copolymer Decanoic 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 Acid Tolyl- 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 triazole

(14) Subject those formulations that have water contents of 48 wt %, 50 wt %, 52 wt % and 54 wt %, to wear testing to determine total ring and vane wear, pH measurement, before and after wear testing, alkalinity (ml) before and after wear testing, and kinematic viscosity at 40 C. (KV40), before and after wear testing. Summarize test results in Table 4 below.

(15) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Final KV40 % Total ring and % Initial KV40 (cSt or Viscosity Initial RA Final RA, Initial Final vane wear Ex/CEx Water (cSt/m.sup.2/s) 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) change (ml) (ml) pH pH (mg) Ex 11 46 45.4/ 37.9 16.5 174 159 9.6 9.4 13.9 Ex 12 48 44.7/ 40.8 8.7 175 180 9.8 9.7 14.5 Ex 13 50 44.1/ 38.8 12 154 149 9.7 9.6 33.9 Ex 14 52 47.2/ 41.3 12.5 179 158 9.8 9.7 16.4 CEx U 54 46.6/ 41.5 10.9 172 159 9.8 9.5 1081

Ex 15-22 and CEx W-AA

(16) Replicate Ex 9-14 and CEx U-V with changes to replace d-PAG-A with d-PAG-B (Table 5 hydraulic performance data), d-PAG-C (Table 6 hydraulic performance data) and PAG-D (Table 7 hydraulic performance data). d-PAG-B is a trimethylolpropane-based, developmental PAG with the same wt % of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as d-PAG-A, but molecular weight of approximately 42630 and a viscosity at 210 F. (99 C.) of 11525 cSt (0.012 m.sup.2/s). d-PAG-C is a pentaerythritol-based, developmental PAG with the same wt % of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as d-PAG-A, but a molecular weight of approximately 46625 and a viscosity at 210 F. (99 C.) of 12025 cSt (0.012 m.sup.2/s). PAG-D is a PAG (commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company under the trade designation UCON lubricant 75H-380,000) with the same wt % of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as d-PAG-A, but a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 and a viscosity at 210 F. (99 C.) of approximately 11800 cSt (0.012 m.sup.2/s).

(17) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Initial KV40 Final KV40 % Initial Final Total ring and Ex/CEx % (cSt or (cSt or Viscosity RA RA, Initial Final vane wear No Water 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) change (ml) (ml) pH pH (mg) Ex 15 46 45.2 38.5 14.8 176 172 9.6 9.5 12.9 Ex 16 48 46.8 38.5 17.7 176 167 9.6 9.5 13.2 Ex 17 50 46.5 39 16.1 175 164 9 9 9.5 12.7 Ex 18 52 47.6 40 16 176 167 9.5 9.5 17.3 Ex 19 54 45.5 41.2 9.5 176 172 9.6 9.5 31.6 CEx W 56 47.2 36.3 23.1 169 172 9.7 9.6 4057

(18) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Initial KV40 Final KV40 % Total ring and Ex/CEx % (cSt or (cSt or Viscosity Initial RA Final RA, Initial Final vane wear No Water 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) change (ml) (ml) pH pH (mg) Ex 20 46 46.4 38.8 16.4 176 169.5 9.6 9.5 15.1 Ex 21 48 47 38.1 18.9 177 167 9.7 9.5 13 Ex 22 50 46 36.6 20.4 174 167 9.7 9.5 16.3 CEx X 52 43 37 14 178 174 9.7 9.5 324 CEx Y 52 46.6 39.2 15.9 167 167 9.6 9.5 2936 CEx Z 52 46 39.2 14.8 173 170 9.6 9.4 768 CEx AA 54 46 37.2 19.1 173 169 9.6 9.5 456

(19) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Initial KV40 Final KV40 % Total ring and Ex/CEx % (cSt or (cSt or Viscosity Initial RA Final RA, Initial Final vane wear No Water 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) change (ml) (ml) pH pH (mg) Ex 23 48 47.7 42.9 10.1 156 154 9.6 9.4 13.7 Ex 24 50 45.5 39.4 13.4 176 170 9.8 9.6 12.6 Ex 25 51 44.4 40.3 9.2 177 176 9.6 9.4 32.7 CEx AB 52 44.8 39.9 10.9 170 153 9.6 9.5 947.2 CEx AC 54 45.4 41.1 9.5 180 178 9.9 9.6 1775.

(20) The data presented in Tables 4-7 demonstrate very desirable (less than 100 mg, preferably less than 50 mg) total ring and wear performance for water-glycol hydraulic fluids representative of the present invention based upon a combination of amines and alkanolamines with a variety of thickeners at various water contents. Ex 11-25 all show the very desirable total ring and wear performance at water levels in excess of 44 wt %, with Ex 11, Ex 15 and Ex 20 at 46 wt %, Ex 13, Ex 17, Ex 22 and Ex 24 at 50 wt %, Ex 25 at 51 wt %, Ex 14 and Ex 18 at 52 wt % and Ex 19 at 54 wt %. Conventional water-glycol hydraulic fluids that yield a less than 100 mg total ring and wear performance contain water at no more than 40 wt %. Skilled artisans recognize that results such as those presented for CEx X-CEx Z, all of which have the same composition, are typical as one exceeds a total ring and wear performance of 250 mg. One possible explanation for such erratic results is that particulate debris generated during wear testing further accelerates wear.

Ex 26-34 and CEx AD-AG

(21) Replicate Ex 15-25 and CEx W-AC with changes to substitute a higher viscosity developmental PAG, either d-PAG-E (glycerol-based), d-PAG-F (trimethylolpropane-based) or PAG-G, for d-PAG-A and increase the amount of PAG, whether d-PAG-E, d-PAG-F or PAG-G, from 11.75 wt % to 16.6 wt %, with a complementary decrease in amount of DEG relative to formulations having the same water content as those shown in Table 3 above. For example, a formulation that has a water content of 50 wt % has a d-PAG-A content of 11.75 wt % and a DEG content of 34.95 wt % whereas a formulation with the same water content has a d-PAG-D content of 16.5 wt % and a DEG content of 30.2 wt %. In other words, as d-PAG content increases by a set amount, DEG content decreases by the set amount. d-PAG-E and d-PAG-F both have the same wt % of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, but d-PAG-D has a viscosity at 104 F. (40 C.) of 15900 cSt (0.016 m.sup.2/s) and a molecular weight of approximately 22,000, and d-PAG-E has a viscosity at 104 F. (40 C.) of approximately 19180 cSt (0.019 m.sup.2/s) and a molecular weight of approximately 22,000. PAG-G is a PAG (commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company under the trade designation UCON lubricant 75H-90,000) with the same wt % of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide as d-PAG-A, but a molecular weight of approximately 12,000 and a viscosity at 210 F. (99 C.) of 2500 cSt (0.002 m.sup.2/s). Tables 8 through 10 below summarize test data for formulations that contain, respectively, d-PAG-E, d-PAG-F and PAG-G, with water contents as shown. The test data presented in Tables 8 through 10 include initial viscosity measurements as well as viscosity measurements after elapsed times of 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours and 100 hours.

(22) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Hydraulic Pump Performance (d-PAG-E) Water Total ring & Ex/CEx Content KV40, cSt (or 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) at time in hours RA, (ml) pH vane wear No (wt %) 0 24 48 72 100 Initial Final Initial Final (mg) Ex 26 54 44.2 43.6 42.9 42.5 42.3 168 162 9.8 9.6 53 Ex 27 50 45.2 44.6 43.8 43.6 43.4 175 168 9.8 9.7 16.4 Ex 28 44 46.2 45.5 45 44.8 44.3 181 173 9.6 9.5 8.6 Ex 29 40 44.9 43.6 43.1 43.1 42.9 169 168 9.6 9.5 8.6

(23) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Hydraulic Pump Performance (d-PAG-F) Water Total ring & Ex/CEx Content KV40, cSt (or 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) at time in hours RA, (ml) pH vane wear No (wt %) 0 24 48 72 100 Initial Final Initial Final (mg) CEx AD 54 46 45.6 45.9 n/d 44.3 169.2 173 9.6 9.5 8164 CEx AE 54 46.4 n/d n/d n/d 43.1 162 175 9.7 9.6 2430 CEx AF 50 47.3 46.8 45.9 46.5 47.1 162 161 9.8 9.7 3046 Ex 30 44 45.9 n/d 44.2 43.5 43.3 160 155 9.6 9.6 22.1 Ex 31 40 43.3 42.4 42.4 42 41.5 163 165 9.6 9.6 9.4

(24) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Hydraulic Pump Performance (PAG-G) Water Total ring & Ex/CEx Content KV40, cSt (or 10.sup.6 m.sup.2/s) at time in hours RA, (ml) pH vane wear No (wt %) 0 24 48 72 100 Initial Final Initial Final (mg) CEx AG 54 44.2 43.5 43.1 42.3 41.8 163 163 9.8 9.6 191.2 Ex 32 50 45.2 44.6 44.1 43.9 43.8 166.5 162.4 9.6 9.5 20.9 Ex 33 44 46.7 45.4 45.2 44.6 45.2 178 172 9.7 9.6 10.6 Ex 34 40 48.9 47.2 47 46.8 46.4 174.9 166.8 9.6 9.5 5.2

(25) The data presented in Tables 8 through 10 show similar trends to that shown in Tables 4-7. The data also show that compositions of the present invention have a greater range of potential water contents that deliver very desirable total ring and vane wear performance with a glycerol-based PAG viscosity modifier (d-PAG-D) than with a trimethylolpropane-based PAG viscosity modifier (d-PAG-E). Even with d-PAG-E, total ring and wear vane performance of less than 100 mg occurs at water contents of 40 wt % and 44 wt %. A water content in excess of 44 wt %, but less than 50 wt % for d-PAG-E-containing formulations, should also produce a total ring and vane wear performance of less than 100 mg.

(26) Morpholine-free water-hydraulic liquid compositions within the scope of appended claims, but not expressly illustrated in this example section, should produce comparable results, some with relatively narrow water content range, as in Table 9, some with an intermediate water content range, as in Table 10, and some with a broader water content range, as in Table 8.