End closure with a ring pull actuated secondary vent

Abstract

The present invention relates to a container end closure that generally comprises a pour opening and a secondary vent opening which improves venting during emptying of contents from the container. In particular, the present invention relates to an end closure for a container having scores defining a secondary vent opening which may optionally be opened. The secondary vent opening has a significantly larger area then vents of prior art designs and thereby improves pour rate and smoothness of pour. After the pour opening is opened using a pull tab interconnected to the end closure, a consumer may selectively open the secondary vent opening by pulling back on the tab.

Claims

1. A metallic end closure with a secondary vent, comprising: a peripheral curl adapted for interconnection to a neck of a container; a chuck wall interconnected to said peripheral curl and extending downwardly therefrom; a countersink interconnected to a lower portion of said chuck wall, said countersink comprising an inner panel wall and an outer panel wall; a central panel interconnected to said inner panel wall of said countersink; a tab having a forward edge and a rear edge, said tab operably interconnected to said central panel, wherein said tab is substantially centered on said central panel; a first severable score line in said central panel having an origination point and a termination point, wherein said first severable score line defines a first tear panel, a pour opening, and a first hinge, and wherein said first tear panel is positioned below said forward edge of said tab; a second severable score line positioned proximate to said first severable score line on a first side of a vertical axis passing through a center of said central panel, said second severable score line extending away from said first score line at approximately a right angle; a first transition portion between said first severable score line and said second severable score line; a third severable score line positioned proximate to said first severable score line and said first hinge, said third severable score line positioned on a second side of said vertical axis, said third severable score line extending away from said first hinge, said third severable score line oriented substantially parallel to said second severable score line; a second transition portion between said first severable score line and said third severable score line, said first and second transition portions being adapted to prevent a fracture propagation of said first severable score line into said second and third severable score lines, wherein said first and second transition portions comprise at least one of: a score deviation in said second and third severable score lines; a void area between said first severable score line and said second and third severable score lines; a variation in residual depth of said first severable score line and said second and third severable score lines; and a score path of said second and third severable score lines oriented tangentially to a direction of fracture of the first severable score line; and a second hinge defined at least partially by a channel extending downwardly from an exterior surface of said central panel toward an interior surface of said central panel, wherein said second and third severable score lines and said second hinge define a second tear panel and said secondary vent when said tab is pulled away from said pour opening.

2. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said second and third severable score lines can be selectively severed by pulling said rear edge of said tab after said forward edge is used to sever said first severable score line.

3. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said tab is a stay on tab which is interconnected to said central panel with a rivet.

4. The metallic end closure of claim 3, wherein said tab further comprises an enlarged finger hole formed between said rivet and said rear edge of said tab.

5. The metallic end closure of claim 3, wherein said tab further comprises a grip area formed between said rivet and said rear edge of said tab, wherein said grip area comprises at least one of ridges, grooves, bumps, protrusions, or other friction surfaces configured to facilitate grasping and pulling said tab.

6. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said second and third severable score lines are selectively frangible by pulling said tab, wherein said end closure can be used as a traditional end closure with a moderate sized opening, and wherein said secondary vent may be selectively opened to increase the size of the opening.

7. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said channel of said second hinge has a length of about 0.100 inches to about 1.00 inches.

8. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said channel of said second hinge has a depth extending about 0.001 inches to about 0.030 inches into said exterior surface.

9. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said second severable score line is between approximately 0.375 inches and approximately 1.000 inches from said third severable score line at a point on a horizontal axis passing through said center of said central panel, said horizontal axis substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, wherein said second and third severable score lines have a minimum length of approximately 0.675 inches, and wherein said second and third severable score lines flare outwardly to form termination features, said termination features having a radius of curvature between approximately 0.060 inches and 0.500 inches.

10. The metallic end closure of claim 1, further comprising a second score line termination feature and a third score line termination feature, the termination features comprising curved segments of said second and third severable score lines that depart from generally linear portions of said second and third severable score lines, the termination features adapted to prevent said second tear panel from detaching from said central panel.

11. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said second severable score line and said third severable score line each have a score residual thickness of between approximately 0.0025 inches and approximately 0.0045 inches.

12. A selectively adjustable end closure adapted for interconnection to a neck of a beverage container, comprising: a peripheral curl; a chuck wall extending downwardly from said peripheral curl; a countersink interconnected to a lower end of said chuck wall, said countersink comprising an outer panel wall and an inner panel wall; a central panel interconnected to said inner panel wall of said countersink; a pull tab having a forward edge and a rear edge, said pull tab operably interconnected to said central panel, wherein said pull tab is substantially centered on said central panel; a first severable score line in said central panel having an origination point and a termination point, wherein said first severable score line defines a first tear panel, a pour opening, and a first hinge, wherein said first tear panel is positioned below said forward edge of said pull tab; a second severable score line positioned proximate to said first severable score line on a first side of a vertical axis passing through a center of said central panel, said second severable score line extending away from said first severable score line at approximately a right angle; a first transition zone between said first severable score line and said second severable score line; a third severable score line positioned proximate to said first severable score line and said first hinge, said third severable score line positioned on a second side of said vertical axis, said third severable score line extending away from said first hinge, said third severable score line oriented substantially parallel to said second severable score line, wherein said second severable score line is separated from said third score line by a distance of between approximately 0.375 inches and approximately 1.000 inches at a point on a horizontal axis passing through said center of said central panel, said horizontal axis substantially perpendicular to said vertical axis, wherein said second and third severable score lines have a minimum length of approximately 0.675 inches, wherein said second and third severable score lines flare outwardly to form termination features, said flares having a radius of curvature between approximately 0.060 inches and 0.500 inches, and wherein said second and third severable score lines have a score residual thickness between approximately 0.0025 inches and approximately 0.0045 inches; a second transition zone between said first severable score line and said third severable score line, said first and second transition zones comprising at least one of: a score deviation in said second and third severable score lines; a void area between said first severable score line and said second and third severable score lines; a variation in residual depth of said first severable score line and said second and third severable score lines; and a score path of said second and third severable score lines oriented tangentially to a direction of fracture of said first severable score line, and a second hinge defined at least partially by a reduced thickness between an exterior surface and an interior surface of said central panel, said second hinge arranged between said second and third severable score lines, wherein said second and third severable score lines and said second hinge define a second tear panel and a secondary vent when said pull tab is pulled away from said pour opening.

13. The selectively adjustable end closure of claim 12, wherein said second hinge is positioned approximately 0.500 inches to approximately 0.850 inches from a center of the end closure.

14. The selectively adjustable end closure of claim 12, wherein said reduced thickness of said second hinge comprises a channel with a depth between approximately 0.001 inches and 0.030 inches.

15. The selectively adjustable end closure of claim 12, wherein said reduced thickness of said second hinge has a length of between approximately 0.100 inches and approximately 1.00 inches.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the Summary of the Invention given above and the Detailed Description of the drawings given below, serve to explain the principles of these embodiments. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein. Additionally, it should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale.

(2) FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a prior art end closure interconnected to a neck of a container, wherein the end closure has a secondary vent panel connected to a tear panel;

(3) FIG. 2 is a top plan view of another prior art end closure interconnected to a neck of a container, wherein a secondary vent panel is formed near the perimeter of a central panel of the end closure and the secondary vent panel is not connected to a primary pour tear panel;

(4) FIG. 3 is a top plan view of an end closure segmented into four quadrant zones;

(5) FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a container end closure interconnected to a neck of a container according to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein a first tear panel and a second tear panel are in a closed configuration;

(6) FIG. 5A is a partially fragmented cross-sectional elevation view of the container end closure of FIG. 4 taken along line 5A;

(7) FIG. 5B is a partially fragmented cross-sectional elevation view of the container end closure of FIG. 4 taken along line 5B;

(8) FIG. 5C is perspective view of the container end closure and container of FIG. 4 with the first tear panel and second tear panel in an open configuration;

(9) FIG. 6A is a top plan view of a container end closure interconnected to a neck of a container according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein a first tear panel and a second tear panel are in a closed configuration;

(10) FIG. 6B is perspective view of the container end closure and container of FIG. 6A with the first tear panel and second tear panel in an open configuration;

(11) FIG. 7 is a top plan view of a container end closure interconnected to a neck of a container according to yet another embodiment of the present invention with a first tear panel and a second tear panel in a closed configuration; and

(12) FIG. 8 is a top plan view of a pull tab according to one embodiment of the present invention.

(13) Similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a letter that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.

(14) A list of the various components shown in the drawings and associated numbering is provided herein:

(15) TABLE-US-00001 Number Component 1 Container 2 End closure 4 Secondary vent panel 6 Container body 7 Neck 8 Pour tear panel 10 End closure 12 Secondary vent panel 14 Container end closure 17 Central panel 18 First score 20 Debossed area 21 Pour opening 22 First tear panel 23 Debossed area depth 24 Tab 26 Rivet 30 Pivot point 32 Rear edge 34 Forward edge 35 Open area 36 First hinge 40 Countersink 48 Peripheral seam 50 Panel outer perimeter 52 X-axis 54 Y-axis 56 Upper right quadrant 57 Lower right quadrant 58 Lower left quadrant 59 Upper left quadrant 60 Third score 62 Score residual 64 Left transition zone 66 Score separation distance 68 Second score 72 Right transition zone 76 Secondary vent opening 78 Second tear panel 80 Score termination feature 84 Third score end 88 Second score end 90 Second hinge 92 Hinge length 94 Form 96 Public side 98 Form width 100 Form depth 102 Distance to second hinge 104 Distance to exterior of container body

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(16) The present invention has significant benefits across a broad spectrum of endeavors. It is the Applicant's intent that this specification and the claims appended hereto be accorded a breadth in keeping with the scope and spirit of the invention being disclosed despite what might appear to be limiting language imposed by the requirements of referring to the specific examples disclosed. To acquaint persons skilled in the pertinent arts most closely related to the present invention, a preferred embodiment that illustrates the best mode now contemplated for putting the invention into practice is described herein by, and with reference to, the annexed drawings that form a part of the specification. The exemplary embodiment is described in detail without attempting to describe all of the various forms and modifications in which the invention might be embodied. As such, the embodiments described herein are illustrative, and as will become apparent to those skilled in the arts, may be modified in numerous ways within the scope and spirit of the invention.

(17) Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims. To the extent that any term recited in the claims at the end of this patent is referred to in this patent in a manner consistent with a single meaning, that is done for sake of clarity only so as to not confuse the reader, and it is not intended that such claim term by limited, by implication or otherwise, to that single meaning.

(18) Various embodiments of the present invention are described herein and as depicted in the drawings. It is expressly understood that although the figures depict metal end closures with embodiments of a secondary vent opening, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

(19) Referring now to FIG. 1, a top plan view of a prior art end closure 2 interconnected to a body 6 of a container 1 is illustrated. The end closure 2 has a secondary vent panel 4 which is connected to a pour tear panel 8. The pour tear panel 8 and secondary vent panel 4 are illustrated in a closed configuration. A tab 24 is used to open the container by severing scores that form the pour tear panel 8 and the secondary vent panel 4. The tab 24 is coupled to the end closure 2 by a rivet 26 whose center defines a pivot point 30. Generally, lifting the rear edge 32 of the tab 24 up and away from the end closure 2 results in the forward edge 34, or nose, of the tab 24 pressing downward on a part of the pour tear panel 8 with sufficient force to cause a rupture to form along the severable score that forms the pour tear panel 8. The rupture of the severable score permits the pour tear panel 8 to bend inward into the container 1 to create a pour opening. The tab 24 is then bent back down generally parallel to the exterior surface of the end closure 2. Next, the tab 24 is rotated clockwise around the pivot point 30 to align the forward edge 34 of the tab 24 over the secondary vent panel 4. The rear edge 32 of the tab 24 is lifted again to drive the forward edge 34 into the secondary vent panel 4 to bend the secondary vent panel 4 inward to enlarge the pour opening.

(20) A top plan view of another prior art end closure 10 interconnected to a body 6 of a container 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2. The end closure 10 has a pour tear panel 8 and a secondary vent panel 12 which are in an initial closed configuration. The secondary vent panel 12 is formed on the end closure 10 at a position separate from the pour tear panel 8. The pour tear panel 8 is opened with a tab 24 as described in conjunction with FIG. 1, above. After the pour tear panel 8 is opened, the secondary vent panel 12 may be opened by rotating the tab 24 clockwise to position a rear edge 32 of the tab 24 over the secondary vent panel 12. The rear edge 32 is then pressed downward and against the secondary vent panel 12 to rupture the severable score and bend the secondary vent panel 12 into the container 1 to create a secondary vent opening. Optionally, the secondary vent panel 12 may be opened by pressing a tool against the secondary vent panel 12 to bend it into the container 1.

(21) Referring now to FIG. 3, a top plan view is provided of a container end closure 14 segmented into four quadrant zones. The quadrant zones are used for description purposes and may be referenced throughout the disclosure. As shown in FIG. 3, the end closure 14 has an X-axis 52 and a Y-axis 54 defining an upper right quadrant 56, a lower right quadrant 57, a lower left quadrant 58, and an upper left quadrant 59.

(22) Referring now to FIG. 4, a top plan view of a container 1 with a metal end closure 14 according to one embodiment of the present invention is provided. The end closure 14 is interconnected to a neck 7 of a container body 6. The end closure 14 has a central panel 17 with an outer perimeter or circumference 50 and a countersink 40. The countersink generally comprises an inner panel wall and an outer panel wall, which is in turn interconnected to a chuck wall and a peripheral seam 48. Before double seaming to the container body 6, the end closure 14 has an outer edge formed into a peripheral curl. Upon interconnection to the container body 6, the peripheral curl is formed into the peripheral seam 48.

(23) The central panel 17 has a recessed or debossed area 20 with a first tear panel 22 associated with a first score 18 and a first hinge 36. The first tear panel 22 is generally located in lower quadrants 57, 58 and is illustrated in FIG. 4 in a closed configuration. Although the first tear panel 22 as shown is generally elliptically shaped, it should be understood that the first tear panel 22 may have any shape selected for pour characteristics, including a circular or oval shape, or any combination thereof. As will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the first hinge 36 may be positioned on either side of the Y-axis 54. A tab (not illustrated in FIG. 4) is interconnected to the end closure 14 by a rivet 26. The rivet 26 is generally centered on the end closure 14 at the intersection of the X-axis 52 and the Y-axis 54, although it may be off-set along the Y-axis 54. The tab is positioned to bend the first tear panel 22 inward to open the container 1 as described above with respect to FIG. 1.

(24) A second score line 68 intersects the first score line 18 at approximately a right angle near a right transition zone 72 on the right side of the Y-axis 54. A third score line 60 intersects the first score line 18 near a left transition zone 64 near the hinge 36 on the left side of the Y-axis 54. The second score 68 and the third score 60 extend away from the first score line 18 across the end closure 14 into the upper quadrants 56, 59 to end 88 and end 84. The second score 68 and the third score 60 define a second tear panel 78. In one embodiment, the scores 60, 68 have a minimum length of approximately 0.675 inches. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, score lines 60, 68 are substantially parallel to the Y-axis 54. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, however, that the location, shapes, beginning points, and end points of score lines 60, 68 may be altered and/or repositioned in a variety of ways. It will also be recognized by one skilled in the art that the score design of the first score line 18 and scores 60, 68 require careful balancing of dimensions and design parameters in order to ensure that the first tear panel 22 and the second tear panel 78 and other portions of the central panel remain closed at appropriate times (e.g., during packaging and shipping operations) and yet will open under a reasonable amount of consumer-applied force.

(25) The transition zones 64, 72 of the present invention generally comprise areas that inhibit fracture propagation of the score 18 into the second score 68 and the third score 60 and thus may prevent the unintentional or inadvertent opening of the second tear panel 78. In one embodiment, transition zones 64, 72 of the present invention may terminate propagation of the first score 18 fracture due to a variation in residual depth of score 18 and residual depth of scores 60, 68. For example, the score residual thickness 62 of scores 60, 68 may be about 0.0005 inches less than the score residual thickness of score 18. In another embodiment, the transition zones 64, 72 may comprise a score path that connects the scores 60, 68 tangentially to the first score 18 from a direction of the fracture path of the first score 18. In another embodiment, the transition zones 64, 72 may be defined by a predetermined void distance between the first score 18 and scores 60, 68. For example, a small void consisting of an unscored area of the end closure 14 may be left between each of scores 60, 68 and the first score 18 to form the transition zones 64, 72. In another embodiment, the transition zones 64, 72 may comprise a score deviation similar to an anti-missile feature. The score deviation may be a small, narrow coin located proximate to the first score 18 and perpendicular to the path of each of the scores 60, 68. The score deviation may also be an interference in the path of score 18 or scores 60, 68 such as a check slot. In a further embodiment, plastisol or other adhesives may also be used to minimize the chance of inadvertent fracture of scores 60, 68.

(26) Score termination features 80 of the present invention are provided to generally define or limit the propagation of scores 60, 68 and to create a desired shape for the second tear panel 78. In one embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the score termination features 80 comprise curved segments near score ends 84, 88. The curved segments represent a departure from the general path of the scores 60, 68 and space score ends 84, 88 apart. The curved segments flare radially outwardly to direct the path of the scores 60, 68 toward the panel outer perimeter 50 and prevent the second tear panel 78 and the tab from detaching from the end closure 14. In one embodiment, the score termination features 80 of the present invention may generally comprise curved segments with a radius of curvature between approximately 0.060 inches and approximately 0.500 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the radius of curvature of the curved segment may be between approximately 0.217 inches and approximately 0.437 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the radius of curvature of the curved segment may be approximately 0.375 inches.

(27) A second hinge 90 may optionally be formed between scores 60, 68. The second hinge 90 may be generally perpendicular to the Y-axis 54 and have a length 92 extending at least partially into upper quadrants 56, 59. In one embodiment, the length 92 of the second hinge 90 may be between approximately 0.100 inches and approximately 1.0 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the length 92 of the second hinge 90 may be between approximately 0.300 inches and approximately 0.750 inches, and in a more preferred embodiment, the length 92 of the second hinge 90 may be approximately 0.500 inches. In one embodiment, the second hinge 90 may be formed a distance 102 from a center of rivet 26 equal to approximately one-half of the distance 104 from a point tangent to an exterior surface of the container body 6 to the center of the rivet 26. In a preferred embodiment, the distance 102 between the second hinge 90 and the center of the rivet 26 may be between approximately 0.500 inches and approximately 0.850 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the distance 102 between the second hinge 90 and the center of rivet 26 may be approximately 0.675 inches. One of skill in the art will recognize that the second hinge 90 could be formed closer to the rivet 26 or further from the rivet 26. Although various dimensions are described to illustrate exemplary embodiments and locations of the second hinge 90, it is expressly contemplated that dimensions, shapes, and locations of the second hinge 90 and the form 94 may be varied and still comport with the scope and spirit of the present invention.

(28) In general, the second hinge 90 may be formed to make the second tear panel 78 easier to open and to provide an area to fold the second tear panel 78 back over the container end closure 14. No rupture occurs along the second hinge 90 during a normal opening sequence.

(29) Referring now to FIG. 5A, a partially fragmented cross-sectional elevation view taken along line 5A of FIG. 4 is illustrated with the tab removed for clarity. The debossed area 20 generally has a depth 23 of between approximately 0.005 inches and approximately 0.025 inches. The second score 68 and third score 60 generally have a score residual thickness 62 of between approximately 0.0025 inches and approximately 0.0045 inches. The centerlines of scores 60, 68 are separated by a distance 66 of between approximately 0.375 inches and approximately 1.000 inches. Although various dimensions are provided to illustrate one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited to these dimensions and it is expressly contemplated that the depth 23 of the debossed area 20, the score residual thickness 62 of the scores 60, 68, and the distance 66 between the scores 60, 68 may be varied and still conform with the scope and spirit of the present invention.

(30) Referring now to FIG. 5B, a partially fragmented cross-sectional elevation view of the container end closure 14 taken along line 5B of FIG. 4 is illustrated. As illustrated in FIG. 5B, in one embodiment the second hinge 90 generally comprises a form 94 extending at least partially into the exterior or public side 96 of the end closure 14. The form 94 can include any shape, channel, cut, score, anti-fracture score, groove, notch, recess, slot, depression, coining, and/or alteration to the public side 96 of the central panel 17 adapted to enable the second tear panel 78 to bend or fold outwardly along the second hinge 90. The form 94 has a width 98 and a depth 100. In one embodiment, the width 98 of the form 94 may be between approximately 0.025 inches and approximately 0.250 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the width 98 may be between approximately 0.062 inches and approximately 0.175 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the width 98 of the form 94 may be approximately 0.100 inches.

(31) The depth 100 of the form 94 may be between approximately 0.001 inches and approximately 0.030 inches in one embodiment. In a preferred embodiment, the depth 100 may be between approximately 0.005 inches and approximately 0.02 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, a form 94 of the present invention generally comprises a depth 100 of approximately 0.010 inches. Optionally, the second hinge 90 may be formed by the score termination features 80 of the score ends 84, 88. For example, the score termination features 80 of the scores 60, 68 may be configured to form the second hinge 90 without the use of the form 94.

(32) Referring now to FIG. 5C, a perspective view of the container end closure 14 in an open configuration is provided and shown interconnected to a typical beverage container 1. As shown, the first tear panel 22 has been bent inwardly at the first hinge 36 into the container 1 to open the pour opening 21. The first tear panel 22 remains connected to the end closure 14 by the first hinge 36. After the pour opening 21 is opened, the tab 24 is pulled away from the pour opening 21 to sever the second and third scores to open the secondary vent opening 76. The second tear panel 78 is retained by the second hinge 90 and is bent over the peripheral seam 48. In one embodiment, the first tear panel 22 has an area or an openable area of approximately 0.500 inches. In another embodiment, the openable area of the first tear panel 22 may be approximately 0.700 inches. In one embodiment, an area or an openable area of the second tear panel 78 is equal to or greater than the area of the first tear panel 22 so that a rate or volume of air entering the container equals a second rate or volume of product leaving the container 1 when the product is poured from the container. In one embodiment, when completely opened by a consumer, the combined area of the pour opening 21 and the secondary vent opening 76 have an area of approximately one-third of a total surface area of the end closure 14. However, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the first tear panel 22 and the second tear panel 78 may be varied in size. As will be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art, area as used herein refers to the surface area of first and second tear panels 22, 78 and the pour opening 21 and the secondary vent opening 76 as defined by their respective score lines as shown and described herein.

(33) Referring now to FIG. 6A, a top plan view of an embodiment of an end closure 14 with a modified second tear panel 78A is illustrated. The end closure 14 is interconnected to the neck 7 of a container 1. The first tear panel 22A is defined by the first score 18 and the first hinge 36 in the lower quadrants 57, 58. A second score line 68A begins proximate the first score line 18 at approximately a right angle near a right transition zone 72A. A third score 60A begins proximate the first score line 18 near a left transition zone 64A. The left transition zone 64A is positioned radially outside the first hinge 36 on the left side of the Y-axis 54. Stated otherwise, the left transition zone 64A is located between the hinge 36 and the outer perimeter 50 of the central panel 17. In one embodiment, the left transition zone 64A may be located further from the rivet 26 than the right transition zone 72A. The score lines 60A, 68A have a generally curvilinear shape and extend away from the first score line 18 across the end closure 14 into the upper quadrants 56, 59 to ends 84A, 88A. In one embodiment, the scores 60A, 68A have a minimum length of approximately 0.675 inches.

(34) Score termination features 80A comprise curved segments near score ends 84A, 88A. The score termination features 80A flare radially outwardly to direct the path of the scores 60A, 68A toward the panel outer perimeter 50 to prevent the second tear panel 78A from detaching from the end closure 14. The score termination features 80A may generally comprise curved segments with a radius of curvature between approximately 0.060 inches and approximately 0.500 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the radius of curvature of the curved segment may be between approximately 0.217 inches and approximately 0.437 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the radius of curvature of the curved segment may be approximately 0.375 inches. Although a second hinge 90 is not illustrated in FIG. 6A, a second hinge 90 may optionally be positioned approximately between score ends 84A, 88A. FIG. 6A also illustrates a modified debossed area 20A generally comprising a different, optional shape compared to the debossed area 20 of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4.

(35) Referring now to FIG. 6B, a perspective view of the container end closure 14 and container 1 of FIG. 6A are illustrated with the first tear panel 22A and second tear panel 78A in an open configuration. The first tear panel 22A is initially bent inwardly at the first hinge 36 into the container 1 to open the pour opening 21A. After the pour opening 21A is opened, the tab 24 is pulled away from the pour opening 21A to sever the second and third scores to open the secondary vent opening 76A. The first tear panel 22A is connected to the second tear panel 78A at the first hinge 36 and is pulled out of the container 1 when the secondary vent opening 76A is opened. The first and second tear panels 22A, 78A remain connected to the end closure 14 and are bent over the peripheral seam 48.

(36) FIG. 7 illustrates another embodiment of second tear panel 78B formed in an end closure 14. The end closure 14 is interconnected to a container 1 at a neck 7 of the body 6. A first tear panel 22 is formed in the lower quadrants 57, 58 by a first score 18 and a first hinge 36. As shown, a second score 68B begins on the right side of the Y-axis 54 near the right transition zone 72B. The second score 68B is substantially perpendicular to the first score 18. A third score 60B begins on the left side of the Y-axis 54 proximate the first score 18 near a left transition zone 64B. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, the left transition zone 64B is positioned radially inward of the first hinge 36 between the first hinge 36 and the rivet 26. Although not illustrated in FIG. 7, a second hinge 90 comprising a form 94 may optionally be positioned between scores 60B and 68B. In one embodiment, the second hinge 90 is positioned between score ends 84B, 88B and extends into the upper quadrants 56, 59. The second hinge 90 is generally perpendicular to the Y-axis 54. The second hinge 90 may have the dimensions described in conjunction with FIGS. 4 and 5B. Further, although no debossed area 20 is illustrated in FIG. 7, a debossed area 20 may be formed in the end closure 14 of any shape, such as a size and shape similar to the debossed area 20 illustrated in FIG. 4 or the debossed area 20A illustrated in FIG. 6A, or a combination of the shapes of debossed areas 20 and 20A. When the end closure 14 is opened, the first tear panel 22 is pressed into the container 1 and is retained within the container by the first hinge in a manner similar to the end closure illustrated in FIG. 5C. After the first tear panel 22 is pressed into the container 1, the tab may be pulled backwardly toward the upper quadrants 56, 59 to sever the second score 68B and the third score 60B. The second tear panel 78B and the tab are then bent over the peripheral seam 48 similar to the embodiment of the second tear panel 78 illustrated in FIG. 5C.

(37) FIG. 8 illustrates a stay-on ring pull tab 24A in one embodiment of the present invention. The ring pull tab 24A is generally larger than a conventional pull tab 24 as illustrated in FIG. 1. The increased size is provided in some embodiments to allow an improved gripping area for a user to grasp while opening the secondary vent opening. The tab 24A has a rear edge 32A, a forward edge 34A, and an optional open area 35 forming a loop. In one embodiment, the open area 35 of the tab 24A may be enclosed to form a grip area (not illustrated). A series of ridges, grooves, bumps, protrusions, or other friction surfaces selected to facilitate grasping and pulling of the tab 24A by the consumer are formed in the grip area. The material of the grip area may differ from the material of the tab 24A. For example, the grip area may include rubber, plastic, and/or any other materials selected improve friction between a consumer's finger and the tab 24A.

(38) In operation, the method of opening an end closure of the present invention is similar to the method used to open known container ends with stay-on-tabs. Further, because the tab of the present invention is familiar to consumers there is little requirement to educate consumers on the method of opening the pour opening and secondary vent of the end closure of the present invention.

(39) To open the pour opening and secondary vent opening, the rear edge 32 of the tab 24 is pulled upward by the consumer causing the forward edge 34 to apply a downward force to the first tear panel 22. The downward force of the forward edge 34 severs the first score 18 and opens the pour opening 21 as the tear panel 22 is pushed down, pivoting away from the consumer at the first hinge 36 into the container 1. At this point, the consumer can consume the beverage in the container 1 much like in a container with a prior art end closure by pushing the tab 24 back down into its initial position substantially parallel to the end closure 14. Alternatively, while the tab 24 is still pulled up at an angle compared to the end closure 14, the consumer can pull the tab 24 back away from the pour opening 21, toward the upper quadrants 56, 59 tearing score lines 60, 68. As the score lines 60, 68 are torn by the pulling force, the second tear panel 78 is pulled up and back to open the secondary vent opening 76. The tab 24 and the second tear panel 78 can then be folded back over an edge formed by the peripheral seam 48 away from the consumer. In the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 7, the first tear panel 22 remains attached to the end closure 14 and is pressed into the interior of the container under the central panel 17 separate from the second tear panel 78 as illustrated in FIG. 5C. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6A, the first tear panel 22A is connected to second tear panel 78A by the first hinge 36. When the tab 24 is pulled back to sever scores 60A, 68A, the first tear panel 22 is pulled up and out of the pour opening 21 with the second tear panel 78A when the secondary vent opening 76A is opened as shown in FIG. 6B. Alternatively, the consumer can select to open the secondary vent only a partial amount rather than the full amount, based on personal preference.

(40) In practice, a container end closure of the present invention may be formed by providing a generally flat blank according to procedures well known in the art. A die may be used to stamp the container end closure providing scores configured as depicted in the Figures and, preferably, other features such as reinforcing beads or other reinforcements and the like. A tab is interconnected to the container end closure generally as provided in previous procedures well known to those of skill in the art. The container end closure thus formed may be coupled to a container body, formed according to procedures known to those of skill in the art, to provide a complete container.

(41) Producing container end closures in the manner and form of the present invention can be achieved using materials and apparatus generally similar to that used in previous procedures for forming container end closures such as those depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2. A die or other scoring device can be configured to provide the first score 18 and scores 60, 68 and, optionally, the second hinge 90 as depicted in FIGS. 1-7. Optionally, reinforcing or other features may be formed on the end closure. In this way, it is possible to implement the present invention with few changes to previous procedures and apparatus thus minimizing or reducing costs associated with retooling, procedural changes, testing and the like. Of course, if desired, it is possible to use the present invention in connection with different container or container end closure designs, shapes, or sizes.

(42) The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting of the invention to the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments described and shown in the figures were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention.

(43) While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. Moreover, references made herein to the present invention or aspects thereof should be understood to mean certain embodiments of the present invention and should not necessarily be construed as limiting all embodiments to a particular description. It is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims.