Apparatuses for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly based on an induced voltage or a back electromotive force

Abstract

An integrated circuit for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly. The fan assembly includes a housing and a fan. The motor is in the housing. The housing is void of sensors. The motor is configured to rotate the fan. The integrated circuit includes a detection module and a first control module. The detection module is separate from the fan assembly. The detection module is configured to detect a voltage induced in a first coil of the motor or a back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor. The first control module is configured to receive a control signal from a second control module and control the operation of the fan based on (a) the control signal, and (b) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force. The second control module is separate from the integrated circuit.

Claims

1. An integrated circuit for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly, wherein the fan assembly comprises a housing and a fan, wherein the motor is in the housing, and wherein the motor is configured to rotate the fan, the integrated circuit comprising: a detection module separate from the fan assembly, wherein the detection module is configured to, without receiving a signal from a sensor, detect (i) a voltage induced in a first coil of the motor, wherein the first coil is an undriven coil; and a first control module configured to (i) receive a control signal from a second control module, and (ii) control the operation of the motor of the fan assembly to control a speed of the fan based on (a) the control signal, and (b) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, wherein the second control module is separate from the integrated circuit, wherein the first control module is further configured to determine the speed of the fan and positions of stator poles based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, compare the speed of the fan to a predetermined speed, if the speed of the fan is not equal to the predetermined speed, proceed with determining whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, wherein the determining of whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating is based on (i) a waveform of a back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, and (ii) the positions of stator poles, and if the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, refrain from adjusting the speed of the fan.

2. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein: the first control module is configured to (i) receive a signal from a sensor of the fan assembly, and (ii) based on the signal from the sensor, adjust the speed of the fan; and the fan assembly comprises the sensor.

3. The integrated circuit of claim 1, wherein the detection module is configured to, independent of signals transmitted from one or more sensors to the integrated circuit, detect (i) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, or (ii) the back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor.

4. An integrated circuit for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly, wherein the fan assembly comprises a housing and a fan, wherein the motor is in the housing, wherein the housing is void of sensors, and wherein the motor is configured to rotate the fan, the integrated circuit comprising: a detection module separate from the fan assembly, wherein the detection module is configured to detect a voltage induced in a first coil of the motor, wherein the first coil is an undriven coil; and a first control module configured to (i) receive a control signal from a second control module, and (ii) control the operation of the motor of the fan assembly to control a speed of the fan based on (a) the control signal, and (b) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, wherein the second control module is separate from the integrated circuit, wherein the first control module is further configured to determine the speed of the fan and positions of stator poles based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, compare the speed of the fan to a predetermined speed, if the speed of the fan is not equal to the predetermined speed, proceed with determining whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, wherein the determining of whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating is based on (i) a waveform of a back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, and (ii) the positions of stator poles, and if the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, refrain from adjusting the speed of the fan.

5. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein: the detection module is connected to the fan assembly via a first set of conductors; and the first control module is connected to the second control module via a second set of conductors.

6. The integrated circuit of claim 4, further comprising a power module configured to supply power to a second coil to generate the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor.

7. The integrated circuit of claim 6, wherein the power module is configured to supply the power to the second coil while not supplying power to the first coil.

8. The integrated circuit of claim 6, wherein the detection module and the power module are both connected to the fan assembly via a plurality of wires and an interface.

9. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein the first control module is configured to, based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, control (i) a speed of the fan, or (ii) a direction the fan is rotating.

10. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein: the first control module is configured to (i) detect a position of the fan based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, and (ii) based on the position, adjust the speed of the fan from a first speed to a second speed; and the first speed and the second speed are greater than zero.

11. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein the first control module is configured to adjust the speed of the fan if (i) the fan is rotating, and (ii) the speed of the fan is not equal to the predetermined speed.

12. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein: the first control module receives the control signal from a host device, the host device comprises the second control module the control signal comprises the predetermined speed, and the host device is separate from the integrated circuit.

13. A computer comprising: the integrated circuit of claim 12; the host device; and the fan assembly.

14. The integrated circuit of claim 4, wherein the first control module is configured (i) drive a second coil of the motor while not driving the first coil, and (ii) determine whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor.

15. An integrated circuit for controlling operation of a motor of a fan assembly, wherein the fan assembly comprises a housing, one or more sensors, and a fan, wherein the motor is in the housing, and wherein the motor is configured to rotate the fan, the integrated circuit comprising: a detection module separate from the fan assembly, wherein the detection module is configured to, independent of signals generated by the one or more sensors, detect (i) a voltage induced in a first coil of the motor, wherein the first coil is an undriven coil; and a first control module configured to (i) receive a control signal from a second control module, and (ii) control the operation of the motor of the fan assembly to control a speed of the fan based on (a) the control signal, and (b) the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, wherein the second control module is separate from the integrated circuit, wherein the first control module is further configured to determine the speed of the fan and positions of stator poles based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, compare the speed of the fan to a predetermined speed, if the speed of the fan is not equal to the predetermined speed, proceed with determining whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, wherein the determining of whether the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating is based on (i) a waveform of a back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, and (ii) the positions of stator poles, and if the motor is stuck and the fan is not rotating, refrain from adjusting the speed of the fan.

16. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the first control module is configured to (i) receive the signals from the one or more sensors, and (ii) based on the signals, adjust the speed of the fan.

17. The integrated circuit of claim 15, further comprising a power module configured to (i) supply power to a second coil to generate the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor, and (ii) supply the power to the second coil while not supplying power to the first coil, wherein the detection module and the power module are both connected to the fan assembly via a plurality of wires and an interface.

18. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein the first control module is configured to, based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, control (i) a speed of the fan, or (ii) a direction the fan is rotating.

19. The integrated circuit of claim 15, wherein: the first control module is configured to (i) detect a position of the fan based on the voltage induced in the first coil of the motor or the back electromotive force received from the first coil of the motor, and (ii) based on the position, adjust the speed of the fan from a first speed to a second speed; and the first speed and the second speed are greater than zero.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The present disclosure will become more fully understood from the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a fan system according to the prior art;

(3) FIG. 2A is a fan system incorporating a connector with a motor control module in accordance with the present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 2B is another fan system incorporating a motor control module located at a host and in accordance with the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 2C is still another fan system incorporating a rotor that surrounds a stator in accordance with the present disclosure;

(6) FIG. 2D is another fan system illustrating a fan case and relative sizes of fan assembly components in accordance with the present disclosure;

(7) FIG. 2E is yet another fan system incorporating a motor stability module in accordance with the present disclosure;

(8) FIG. 3 is a fan system illustrating a more detailed view of a motor control module in accordance with the present disclosure;

(9) FIG. 4 illustrates a method of operating a fan system in accordance with the present disclosure;

(10) FIG. 5 is another fan system incorporating a motor control module in a cable and in accordance with the present disclosure; and

(11) FIG. 6 is another fan system incorporating a motor control module in a support member of a fan assembly and in accordance with the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

(12) The foregoing description is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses. The broad teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure includes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon a study of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in the drawings to identify similar elements. As used herein, the phrase at least one of A, B, and C should be construed to mean a logical (A or B or C), using a non-exclusive logical OR. It should be understood that steps within a method may be executed in different order without altering the principles of the present disclosure.

(13) As used herein, the term module may refer to, be part of, or include an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC); an electronic circuit; a combinational logic circuit; a field programmable gate array (FPGA); a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes code; other suitable components that provide the described functionality; or a combination of some or all of the above, such as in a system-on-chip. The term module may include memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that stores code executed by the processor.

(14) The term code, as used above, may include software, firmware, and/or microcode, and may refer to programs, routines, functions, classes, and/or objects. The term shared, as used above, means that some or all code from multiple modules may be executed using a single (shared) processor. In addition, some or all code from multiple modules may be stored by a single (shared) memory. The term group, as used above, means that some or all code from a single module may be executed using a group of processors. In addition, some or all code from a single module may be stored using a group of memories.

(15) The apparatuses and methods described herein may be implemented by one or more computer programs executed by one or more processors. The computer programs include processor-executable instructions that are stored on a non-transitory tangible computer readable medium. The computer programs may also include stored data. Non-limiting examples of the non-transitory tangible computer readable medium are nonvolatile memory, magnetic storage, and optical storage.

(16) Traditional fan assemblies include a printed circuit board (PCB) mounted inside a motor housing. Fan electronics, such as fan control modules and Hall-effect sensors, were mounted on the PCB to control the motor. Thus, the motor housing was physically accessed and/or disassembled in order to alter fan electronics on the PCB. Further, size of the fan assembly was dependent on the size of the PCB, as the fan assembly needed to be large enough to enclose the PCB.

(17) Implementations disclosed herein include motor control modules that are external to respective motor housings. The motor housings may include various types of fan motors. Some types of fan motors are brushed motors, brushless motors, direct current (DC) motors, alternating current (AC) motors, etc. The fan motors may have any number of phases. Some fan motors with different numbers of phases are a single-phase motor, a two-phase motor and a three phase motor.

(18) The motor control modules disclosed herein may be physically accessed, altered and/or replaced without physically accessing and/or opening the motor housings. The motor control modules may not include a Hall-effect sensor. As a result, the motor control modules and corresponding printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be removed entirely from respective fan assemblies. In addition, sizes of the PCBs are minimized due to the number and size of the components incorporated on the PCBs.

(19) In FIG. 2A, a host 199 is shown. The host 199 includes a fan system 200 with a fan assembly 201 and a control circuit 202. The fan assembly 201 includes a motor 203 in a motor housing 204. The motor 203 may be a motor of one of the types described above or may be, for example, a two-phase brushless DC motor, as shown. The control circuit 202 includes a motor control module 205 that is external to and/or remote from the motor housing 204 and controls the motor 203.

(20) The motor control module 205 is mounted on or within a connector 206 and/or a connector housing 208. The connector 206 is used to connect the motor 203 to a host device control module 209. At least a portion of the connector 206 may be encased within the connector housing 208. At least a portion of the motor control module 205 may be encased within the connector 206 and/or the connector housing 208. The connector housing 208 may be a two-part connector with mating components, such as a plug and a receptacle (or socket). Two-part connectors are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The motor control module may be connected to, mounted on and/or located in one or more of the mating components of the connector 206.

(21) The connector 206 may interface with a host device control module 209 of the host 199 via conductors 210. The term conductors as used herein may refer to insulated or non-insulated wires, conductive traces, conductive lines, etc. The host device control module 209 may be, for example, a control module of an electrical and/or electronic system. For example the host may be a personal computer, a server, a projector, a refrigerator, a printer, an electronic instrument, etc. The host device control module 209 may be a central processing unit (CPU). The fan assembly 201 may be mounted on and/or be proximate to the host device control module 209 to provide direct cooling to the host device control module 209.

(22) The motor control module 205 may include a PCB, an IC, resistors, capacitors, and/or other electronic components and terminals. The PCB may be a single-sided or dual-sided PCB. A single-sided PCB has electronic components only on one side of the PCB. A dual-sided PCB has electronic components on two sides of the PCB. Incorporating components on two sides of a PCB allows for the two-sided PCB to be sized smaller than a single-sided PCB. However, a two-sided PCB is more difficult to manufacture and has higher associated costs than a single-sided PCB.

(23) In the implementation shown the motor control module 205 includes a temperature sensor (e.g., a thermistor) 211. The temperature sensor 211 may be used to detect temperatures of the host 199 (e.g., temperatures within the host 199), temperatures of air passing through the fan assembly 201, and/or temperatures of the motor 203. The temperature sensor 211 and/or the connector 206 may be mounted in a path of the air flowing through the fan assembly 201. The temperature sensor 211 may be mounted on the motor control module 205, on or in the connector 206, on or in the connector housing 208, or elsewhere. Other examples of mounting locations for the temperature sensor 211 are shown in FIGS. 2E, 5 and 6. To further simplify and reduce the size of the motor control module 205, the motor control module 205 may not include the temperature sensor 211, as further described with respect to FIG. 2E.

(24) The fan assembly 201 includes the motor housing 204. Fan blades 212 are attached to or integrally formed as part of the motor housing 204. The fan blades 212 and the motor housing 204 may be collectively referred to as a fan 214. The fan 214 may direct air to cool electronic components of the host 199, such as the motor control module 205 and/or the host device control module 209. The motor housing 204 includes the motor 203, which includes a stator 215 and a rotor 226.

(25) The stator 215 includes four stator poles: pole A1 216-1, pole A2 216-2, pole B1 216-3, and pole B2 216-4 (collectively stator poles 216). Each of the stator poles 216 may be wound with stator coils 224-1, 224-2, 224-3, 224-4 (collectively stator coils 224), respectively. The motor control module 205 may communicate with the stator poles 216 via conductors 225 that communicate with terminals 227 on the stator poles 216.

(26) The rotor 226 may include at least one permanent magnet (not shown) and rotates relative to the stator 215 based on control signal(s) generated by the motor control module 205 and/or by the host device control module 209. The rotor 226 may be mounted on an axle (or rotor shaft 228) that connects the rotor 226 to the motor housing 204. In operation, rotation of the rotor 226 rotates the rotor shaft 228 and the motor housing 204 relative to the stator 215.

(27) The conductors 210 may include, for example, a ground (or voltage reference) wire 210-1, a voltage source wire 210-2, a speed control wire 210-3 and a feedback wire 210-4 (referred to as a TACHO wire). The speed control wire 210-3 may receive a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal from the host device control module 209, which indicates a commanded reference speed. The feedback wire 210-4 provides a feedback signal generated by the motor control module 205 to the host device control module 209. The feedback signal indicates a current speed of the motor 203. The feedback signal may be generated based on a signal from a Hall effect sensor and/or a speed signal from a speed control module. An example of a Hall effect sensor is shown in FIG. 2E. An example of a speed control module is shown in FIG. 3.

(28) Although three conductors are shown in FIG. 2A between the connector 206 and the motor 203, the fan system 200 may incorporate two or more conductors between the connector 206 and the motor 203. In the implementation of FIG. 2A, the motor 203 is a two-phase motor, where the conductors 225 include a ground (or reference) wire 225-1, a first phase wire 225-2 and a second phase wire 225-3. Two of the terminals 227 may be shorted together and connected to the ground wire 225-1. The other two terminals are connected to a respective one of the first phase wire 225-2 and the second phase wire 225-3. Alternative implementations include numerous different wire and terminal arrangements, such as a four wire arrangement, where each of the conductors is connected to a respective one of the terminals 227. The four wire arrangement is used on a three-phase motor, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

(29) The conductors 210 and 225 and other conductors disclosed herein which are connected to a motor control module may be extended through PCBs of the motor control modules and soldered to the PCBs. As an alternative, the conductors may be surface mounted and/or soldered. Surface mounting the conductors may aid in reducing size of the motor control modules. Wire restraints (not shown) may be used to protect wire connections on the motor control module depending upon how the conductors are connected to the motor control modules and/or the application of use.

(30) In FIG. 2B, a fan system 200.sup.I is shown. The fan system 200.sup.I includes the fan assembly 201 and a control circuit 202.sup.I. The fan assembly 201 includes the motor housing 204 with the motor 203 and the fan 214. The control circuit 202.sup.I includes a thermal control module 230. The thermal control module 230 is connected to the fan assembly 201 via a connector 206.sup.I. The thermal control module 230 is external to and remotely located from the fan assembly 201. The thermal control module 230 includes the host device control module 209 and the motor control module 205.sup.I. In this implementation, the motor control module 205.sup.I is externally and remotely located from the fan assembly 201 and the connector 206.sup.I. As an example, the connector 206.sup.I may be mounted on a PCB of a host (e.g., the host 199 of FIG. 1) and the fan assembly 201 may be mounted on a housing or case of the host.

(31) The thermal control module 230 may include a PCB and/or one or more system-in-packages (SIPs), and/or system-on-a-chips (SOCs). The thermal control module 230 may be a SIP or a SOC. The host device control module 209 and the motor control module 205.sup.I may each be an SOC or be incorporated in a single SIP or a single SOC. In one implementation, the thermal control module 230 includes a PCB and the control modules are SOCs mounted on the PCB. The PCB may be a motherboard when the host is, for example, a personal computer.

(32) The connector 206.sup.I may include a temperature sensor (or thermistor) 211. A temperature signal may be transmitted from the connector 206.sup.I to the motor control module 205.sup.I for regulating speed of the fan 214. The temperature sensor 211 may alternatively be located on the fan assembly 201.

(33) A first interface 232 may connect the connector 206.sup.I to the motor control module 205.sup.I and/or thermal control module 230. The first interface 232 may include a cable and/or conductors. In one implementation, four conductors 234 are connected between the motor control module 205.sup.I and the connector 206.sup.I. The four conductors 234 may include a ground (or reference wire) 234-1, a temperature signal wire 234-2, and two or more power conductors 234-3, 234-4 for respective phases of the motor 203.

(34) A second interface 236 may be connected between the motor control module 205.sup.I and the host device control module 209. The interface 236 may include a cable and/or conductors. In one implementation, four or more conductive traces 238 are connected between the motor control module 205.sup.I and the host device control module 209. The conductive traces 238 may include a ground (or reference) trace 238-1, a power trace 238-2, a speed control (e.g., PWM) trace 238-3, and a feedback (e.g., TACHO) trace 238-4. The speed control and feedback traces 238-3, 238-4 may be used to transfer PWM and TACHO signals similar to the speed control and feedback conductors 210-3, 310-4 of FIG. 2A.

(35) In FIG. 2C, a fan system 200.sup.II is shown. The fan system 200.sup.II includes a fan assembly 201.sup.I and the control circuit 202. The fan assembly 201.sup.I includes a motor housing 204.sup.I with a motor 203.sup.I. The motor 203.sup.I includes a stator 215.sup.I and a rotor 240. The stator 215.sup.I includes the stator poles 216. The rotor 240 surrounds the stator poles 216. The rotor 240 rotates around the stator poles 216 in response to voltage/current supplied to the stator poles 216.

(36) The rotor 240 may include a rotor shaft 228.sup.I that is disposed in a bearing 242. The bearing 242 may be a sleeve bearing or ball bearing ring. The rotor 240 rotates relative to the stator 215.sup.I via the bearing 242.

(37) The control circuit 202 includes the motor control module 205 and the host device control module 209. The motor control module 205 is located in the connector 206, which may in turn be located in the connector housing 208. The connector 206 and/or motor control module 205 are connected to the host device control module 209 via the conductors 210. The motor control module 205 and/or the connector 206 are connected to the motor 203.sup.I via the conductors 225.

(38) Referring now to FIG. 2D, a fan system 200.sup.II is shown. The fan system 200.sup.II includes a fan assembly 201.sup.II and the control circuit 202.sup.II. The fan assembly 201.sup.II includes a fan case 233. The fan case 233 includes a peripheral wall 250 and a motor housing 204.sup.II. The motor housing 204.sup.II is supported in a center of the peripheral wall 250 by support members 252. The fan case 233 may be sized for an application of use. Some examples of height and width dimensions of fan cases are 60 mm60 mm, 80 mm80 mm, 92 mm92 mm and 120 mm120 mm, although the fan case 233 may have different dimensions depending on the application of use.

(39) A motor 203.sup.II is located in the motor housing 204.sup.II. The motor 203.sup.II may be similar to the motor 203 and/or 203.sup.I of FIGS. 2A-2C. The motor 203.sup.II may include the stator 215.sup.II with stator poles 216.sup.I (or 216.sup.I-1, 216.sup.I-2, 216.sup.I-3, 216.sup.I-4) and stator coils 224.sup.I (or 224.sup.I-1, 224.sup.I-2, 224.sup.I-3, 224.sup.I-4). The motor 203.sup.II may include a rotor similar to the rotors 226 and 240 of FIGS. 2A-2C and rotate in or around the stator 215.sup.II. Fan blades 212.sup.I are attached or integrally formed as part of the motor housing 204.sup.II and together are collectively referred to as a fan 214.sup.I.

(40) The control circuit 202.sup.II includes a motor control module 205.sup.II, the connector 206 with the housing 208, and a host device control module 209.sup.I. The motor control module 205.sup.II may be mounted on or in the connector 206 and is configured to control speed of the fan 214.sup.I. The motor control module 205.sup.II may include the temperature sensor 211 and adjust speed of the fan 214.sup.I based on a temperature signal from the temperature sensor 211. The temperature sensor 211 may be mounted on the motor control module 205.sup.II, on or in the connector 206 and/or on or in the connector housing 208. The host device control module 209.sup.I is connected to the motor control module 205.sup.II via the conductors 210. The motor control module 205.sup.II is connected to the motor 203.sup.II via the conductors 225. The conductors 225 may be routed in a channel of one of the support members 252, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

(41) In the implementation of FIG. 2D, the motor control module 205.sup.II is not located in the motor housing 204.sup.II. Also, a Hall effect sensor is not incorporated in the fan assembly 201.sup.II and/or in the motor housing 204.sup.II. This allows for a smaller motor housing 204.sup.II to be used due to a reduction in the number of components incorporated in the motor housing 204.sup.II. A smaller sized motor housing, allows for larger fan blades to be used. If a size of the fan case 233 for the fan assembly 201.sup.II is unchanged, the smaller the motor housing 204.sup.II, the more space between the fan case 233 and the motor housing 204.sup.II for the fan blades 212.sup.I.

(42) Although the control modules 205.sup.II and 209.sup.I may be similar to the control modules 205, 205.sup.I and 209 of FIGS. 2A-2D, the control modules 205.sup.II and 209.sup.I are configured to accommodate the motor 203.sup.II and the fan blades 212.sup.I. The motor 203.sup.II may provide a higher output torque than the motors 203 and 203.sup.I of FIGS. 2A-2C. The motor 203.sup.II may provide a higher output torque to accommodate for the size of the fan blades 212.sup.I, which may be larger than the fan blades 212 of FIGS. 2A-2C. The increased size of the fan blades 212.sup.I provides an increased amount of air flow for improved cooling efficiency. For this reason, a motor with a higher output torque may be used.

(43) Traditionally, the ability to reduce the size of a motor housing was limited due to the incorporation of a PCB including a Hall effect sensor in the motor housing. Since a PCB and/or a Hall effect sensor may not be incorporated in the motor housings disclosed herein, the size of the corresponding fan assemblies may be the same or smaller than the size of a traditional fan assembly. The fan assemblies disclosed herein may have motors, motor housings and/or fan blades that are smaller in size than traditional motors, motor housings and/or fan blades.

(44) Referring now to FIG. 2E, a fan system 200.sup.IV is shown. The fan system 200.sup.IV includes a fan assembly 201.sup.II and a control circuit 202.sup.II. The fan assembly 201.sup.II includes the fan 214.sup.I with the motor housing 204.sup.II. The motor housing 204.sup.II encases the motor 203.sup.II. The motor 203.sup.II includes the stator poles 216.sup.I and the stator coils 224.sup.I. The control circuit 202.sup.II includes a motor control module 205.sup.II and the host device control module 209.sup.I. The motor control module 205.sup.II may be located in the connector 206 and/or connector housing 208. The host device control module 209.sup.I is connected to the motor control module 205.sup.III via the conductors 210. The motor control module 205.sup.III is connected to the motor 203.sup.II via the conductors 225.

(45) A stability module 260 may be mounted in or on the motor housing 204.sup.II to provide mechanical stability for electrical connections in the motor housing 204.sup.II. The conductors 225 may be connected to the stability module 260, which communicates with terminals 227 rather than, as in FIGS. 2A-2D, directly soldered or otherwise directly connected to the terminals 227.

(46) The stability module 260 may include a PCB 261. The stability module may not include any sensors or may, for example include a temperature sensor 262 and/or a Hall effect sensor 264. The Hall effect sensor 264 may be used to detect and/or determine position, movement, and/or speed of the fan 214.sup.I. Alternatively, position, movement, and/or speed of the fan 214.sup.I may be determined by a speed control module of the motor control module 205.sup.III. The temperature sensor 262 and the Hall effect sensor 264 may have respective conductors 266, 268 that are connected to the motor control module. Although the stability module 260 as shown includes a temperature sensor 262 and/or a Hall effect sensor 264, the stability module 260 may not include the temperature sensor and/or the Hall effect sensor. The temperature sensor 262 may not be located on the stability module 260. The temperature sensor 262 may be located on the motor housing 204.sup.II, on the fan case 233 and/or one of the support members 252 of the fan assembly 201.sup.III, on the motor control module 205.sup.III, on the connector 206, etc. The stability module 260 may not include control functionality, such as a control module.

(47) Referring now to FIG. 3, a fan system 200.sup.V incorporating a motor control module 205.sup.IV is shown. The motor control module 205.sup.IV may be used in the fan systems of FIGS. 2A-2E, 5 and 6. The motor control module 205.sup.IV may be located in the connector 206, include a PCB or be an IC, and communicate with the host device control module 209 via the conductors 210. The motor control module 205.sup.IV may include a power control module 272, a speed control module 273, and an inductive sensing system 274. The inductive sensing system 274 may include the speed control module 273, a back electromotive force (BEMF) detection module 275 and/or a current detection module 276. The power control module 272, BEMF detection module 275, and current detection module 276 may communicate with terminals 227 on the fan assembly 201 via an interface 277. The fan assembly 201 may be replaced with one of the other fan assemblies disclosed herein.

(48) The power control module 272 may apply a voltage and/or current to one or more of the stator coils 224 of the fan assembly 201. For example, the power control module 272 may alternate between driving stator coils 224-1, 224-2 and 224-3, 224-4 to rotate the rotor 226.

(49) While the inductive sensing system 274 is described using a two-phase brushless DC motor, the inductive sensing system 274 may also be implemented in other motor systems (e.g., one-phase or three-phase motor systems).

(50) The BEMF detection module 275 may detect BEMF voltage from undriven ones of the stator coils 224. In a stator coil that is not powered, a BEMF voltage having a sinusoidal waveform is generated by permanent magnets (not shown) in the rotor 226. Specifically, as the permanent magnets of the rotor 226 pass by the unpowered coil (e.g. 224-4), a current is induced in the unpowered coil 224-4. In one implementation, the power control module 272 initially provides voltage and/or current to stator coils 224-1, 224-2 but not coil(s) 224-3 and/or 224-4. The BEMF detection module 275 detects BEMF from the coil 224-3 and/or the coil 224-4.

(51) The speed control module 273 determines when the magnets of the rotor 226 pass by the coil 224-3 and/or the coil 224-4 based on signals from the BEMF detection module 275. The speed control module 273 may include data indicating distances between and/or positions of the stator poles 216.

(52) In an alternative implementation, the current detection module 276 detects current at each of the stator coils 224-1, 224-2, 224-3, 224-4. The speed control module 273 determines positions of the stator poles 216 based on the detected current and the detected BEMF.

(53) The speed control module 273 may determine the rotational speed of the rotor 226 and whether the rotor 226 is moving and/or stuck based on the waveform of the detected BEMF and the position of the stator poles 216. The speed control module 273 may generate control signals to adaptively adjust the rotation speed of the motor 203.

(54) The fan systems disclosed herein may be operated using numerous methods, an example method is provided by the method of FIG. 4. In FIG. 4, a method of operating a fan system is shown.

(55) Although the following tasks are primarily described with respect to the implementations of FIGS. 2A-2E, 5 and 6, the tasks may be easily modified to apply to other implementations of the present disclosure. The tasks may be iteratively performed.

(56) The method may begin at 501. At 502, the power control module 272 drives a motor (e.g., one of the motors 203-203.sup.II). In one implementation, the power control module 272 rotates a rotor (e.g., the rotor 226 or the rotor 240) by supplying a drive current and/or a drive voltage to the stator coils of a stator (e.g., stator coils 224 of the stator 215). At 504, the BEMF detection module 275 detects the BEMF from the stator coils that are not supplied with the drive current or the drive voltage. At 506, the current detection module 276 senses current at terminals of the stator coils (e.g., the terminals 227).

(57) At 508, the speed control module 273 determines the relative positions of the stator and the rotor based on the detected BEMF and/or the detected current. The speed control module 273 selects one of the stator coils according to the detected relative positions of the stator and the rotor.

(58) At 510, the power control module 273 supplies the drive current or the drive voltage to the selected coil to rotate the rotor in a predetermined direction at a desired speed. At 512, the speed control module 273 may determine that the speed of the rotor is different than a desired (or predetermined) speed based on the BEMF and/or the current detected from motor. In one implementation, the speed control module 273 may determine a difference (i.e., an error) between the desired speed and the measured (or actual) speed. The speed control module 273 may receive the desired speed from, for example, the host device control module 209.

(59) The host device control module 209 may command to start or stop the fan 214 and/or indicate a reference speed via a control signal (represented by signal line 280). The speed control module 273 may convert the reference speed to the desired speed based on, for example, the temperature signal from the temperature sensor 211, characteristics 278 of the fan assembly 201, etc. The characteristics of the of the fan assembly 201 may be stored in memory 229 of the motor control module 205.sup.IV and include size of the fan blades 212, size, type, power output, etc. of the motor 203, and/or other fan assembly characteristics.

(60) At 514, if there is a difference between the actual speed and the desired speed, the speed control module 273 may determine whether the motor is stuck. If the motor is stuck, task 502 may be performed, otherwise task 516 is performed. At 516, the speed control module 273 may provide a signal to the power control module 272 to adjust the power supplied to the motor. In other words, the speed control module 273 may generate a control signal to compensate for the difference. In one implementation, the speed control module 273 adaptively outputs successive control signals to the power control module 272 in order to adjust the speed of the motor to the desired value.

(61) The above-described tasks are meant to be illustrative examples; the tasks may be performed sequentially, synchronously, simultaneously, continuously, during overlapping time periods or in a different order depending upon the application.

(62) In FIG. 5, a fan system 200.sup.VI incorporating a motor control module 205.sup.II in a cable 288 is shown. The fan system 200.sup.VI includes a fan assembly 201.sup.IV and a control circuit 202.sup.IV. The fan assembly 201.sup.IV includes a fan case 233.sup.I. The fan case 233.sup.I includes three of the support members 252 and a channeled support member 252.sup.I. The support members 252 and 252.sup.I support the fan 214.sup.I. The fan 214.sup.I includes the motor housing 204.sup.II and the fan blades 212.sup.I. The motor housing 204.sup.II encases the motor 203.sup.II. The motor 203.sup.II includes the stator 215 and a rotor (e.g., the rotor 226 or the rotor 240).

(63) The channeled support member 252.sup.I may be U-shaped, open and/or include a channel 290 for conductors 225.sup.I to extend from the motor housing 204.sup.II to the peripheral wall 250 of the fan case 233. The conductors 225.sup.I may be connected to a first connector 292 external to the fan case 233.sup.I.

(64) The control circuit 202.sup.IV includes a motor control module assembly 300 and the host device control module 209. The motor control module assembly 300 may include a motor control module 205.sup.II, a second connector 302 and/or a third connector 304. The motor control module 205.sup.II may be connected to the second and third connectors 302 and 304 via respective sets of conductors 306, 308 (may be referred to as third and fourth sets of conductors). The second connector 302 connects to the first connector 292. The third connector 304 connects to a fourth connector 310. The fourth connector 310 is connected to the host device control module via conductors 210.sup.I. The motor control module assembly 300 may be connected in series or in parallel with the conductors 210.sup.I and the conductors 225.sup.I to form the cable 288. The cable 288 extends between the motor housing 204.sup.II and the host device control module 209.

(65) The motor control module 205.sup.II may be integrated into the cable 288 without use of connectors. For example, the motor control module 205.sup.II may be integrated into the cable 288 without use of the connectors 292, 302, 304, 310. Wires and/or conductors, such as the conductors 210, of the cable 288 may be connected, for example, directly to the motor control module 205.sup.II.

(66) Width W of the motor control module 205.sup.II may be less than or equal to 4 times a diameter D of each of the conductors 225.sup.I (or W4D or W is less than or equal to an overall width of the conductors 225.sup.I). The motor control module 205.sup.II, the first set of conductors 306 and the second set of conductors 308 may be shrink wrapped to protect the motor control module 205.sup.II and wire connections therewith.

(67) As shown, the motor control module 205.sup.II is connected along conductors between the motor housing 204.sup.II and the host device control module 209. This allows the motor control module 205.sup.II to be placed at various locations and be replaced without opening the motor housing 204.sup.II and/or disassembling the fan assembly 200.sup.VII. Incorporation of the connectors 292, 302, 304, 310 allows the motor control module 205.sup.II to be easily replaced without cutting, splicing, and/or soldering conductors. This provides a modular design and allows for testing of different motor control modules. For example, the motor control module 205.sup.II may be replaced with a different motor control module (e.g., the motor control module 205 or other motor control module).

(68) In FIG. 6, a fan system 200.sup.II incorporating a motor control module 205.sup.II in the support member 252.sup.I is shown. The fan system 200.sup.II includes a fan assembly 201.sup.V and a control circuit 202.sup.V. The fan assembly 201.sup.V includes the fan case 233.sup.I. The fan case 233.sup.I includes three of the support members 252 and a channeled support member 252.sup.I. The support members 252 and 252.sup.I support the fan 214.sup.I. The fan 214.sup.I includes the motor housing 204.sup.II and the fan blades 212.sup.I. The motor housing 204.sup.II encases the motor 203.sup.II. The motor 203.sup.II includes the stator 215 and a rotor (e.g., the rotor 226 or the rotor 240).

(69) The channeled support member 252.sup.I may be U-shaped and/or include a channel 290 for conductors 225.sup.I (first set of conductors) to extend from the motor housing 204.sup.II to the motor control module 205.sup.II. Although the motor control module 205.sup.II is shown as being incorporated in the support member 252.sup.II, the motor control module 205.sup.II may be incorporated in other members of the fan case 233.sup.I. For example, the motor control module 205.sup.II may be incorporated in the peripheral wall 250. The channel 290 may be open on one side to allow access to the motor control module 205.sup.II. Any side of the channel 290 may be open. Another set of conductors 320 may be connected to and extend from the motor control module 205.sup.II to a first connector 322 external to the fan case 233.sup.I.

(70) The control circuit 202.sup.II includes the motor control module 205.sup.II and the host device control module 209. The motor control module 205.sup.II is located in the channel 290 of the support member 252.sup.I. The first connector 322 is connected to a second connector 324, which is connected to the host device control module 209 via the conductors 210.

(71) Width W1 of the motor control module 205.sup.II may be less than or equal to 4 times a diameter D of each of the conductors 225.sup.I (or W4D) and/or less than an inner width W2 of the channel 290. The width dimensions of the motor control module disclosed herein do not refer to a thickness of a PCB and/or IC. The width dimensions may refer to, for example, front or top view surface dimensions. The motor control module 205.sup.II and the conductors 225.sup.I, 320 may be shrink wrapped to protect the motor control module 205.sup.II and corresponding wire connections.

(72) When the motor control module 205.sup.II includes a temperature sensor 211, the temperature sensor may protrude from the motor control module 205.sup.II and be in contact with air passing through the fan case 233.sup.I. The temperature sensor 211 may protrude from the shrink wrap and/or extend from the channel 290. The support member 252.sup.I may include one or more openings 326 (one is shown) to allow air to pass through the support member 252.sup.I and come in contact with the temperature sensor 211.

(73) The motor control module 205.sup.II may be connected in series with the conductors 225.sup.I, the conductors 320, the connectors 322, 324 and the conductors 210.sup.I to form a cable 288.sup.I. The cable 288.sup.I extends between the motor housing 204.sup.II and the host device control module 209.

(74) As shown, the motor control module 205.sup.II is connected along conductors between the motor housing 204.sup.II and the host device control module 209 and in the center of the channel 290 between the motor housing 204.sup.II and the peripheral wall 250 of the fan case 233.sup.I. This allows the motor control module 205.sup.II to be protected by the support member 252.sup.I and for the temperature sensor 211 to be placed in the middle of the air flow path that passes through the fan assembly 200.sup.VII. The motor control module 205.sup.II may be placed anywhere along support member 252.sup.I. Connectors may be incorporated between the motor control module 205.sup.II and the motor housing 204.sup.II to allow for easy replacement of the motor control module 205.sup.II and/or testing of multiple motor control modules without opening the motor housing 204.sup.II.

(75) Also, the implementations of FIGS. 5 and 6 allow for different fan assemblies and/or motor control modules to be tested. For example, in FIGS. 5 and 6 the fan assemblies 201.sup.V and 201.sup.VI may be swapped out with other fan assemblies by disconnecting the connectors 292, 322.

(76) By having the motor control modules disclosed herein be outside of respective motor housings, air temperatures outside of the motor housings and/or corresponding hosts can be more accurately detected. As the temperature sensors are not located in the motor housings the temperature sensors are less susceptible to increased temperatures within the motor housings.

(77) Also, by not incorporating a Hall effect sensor and/or a temperature sensor on a PCB, SIP and/or SOC of a motor control module, more flexibility is provided in design of a fan motor, motor housing, and fan case. Separation of a Hall effect sensor and/or a temperature sensor from a motor control module and/or the elimination of the Hall effect sensor minimizes the number of components in the motor control module. This allows for the motor control module to be incorporated in a cable, in a support member or other member of a fan assembly, and/or elsewhere in a host and external to a fan assembly. Removal of the temperature sensor from the motor housing can also reduce noise in the temperature signal.

(78) In addition, by separating the motor control module from the motor housing of a fan assembly, design changes can quickly and easily be made to the motor control module. For example, the motor control module may be reprogrammed or replaced without opening and/or entering the motor housing.

(79) The broad teachings of the disclosure can be implemented in a variety of forms. Therefore, while this disclosure includes particular examples, the true scope of the disclosure should not be so limited since other modifications will become apparent upon a study of the drawings, the specification, and the following claims.