Damping device for a spindle of a grinding machine and grinding machine comprising a damping device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a grinding machine. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a centerless grinding machine comprising a damping device. The present disclosure also relates to a spindle for a grinding machine, and to a damping device for a spindle of a grinding machine, particularly for a grinding spindle or regulator spindle of a centerless grinding machine, wherein the damping device comprises at least one damping unit including an auxiliary mass section, an elastic section and a damping section, which are integrated in the spindle, and which jointly define a damped vibratory system for increasing the dynamic stiffness of the spindle.

Claims

1. A centerless grinding machine, comprising: a machine bed, a grinding spindle, that is mounted for rotation relative to the machine bed, coupled to a spindle drive and arranged to receive a grinding wheel, a regulator spindle that is mounted for rotation relative to the machine bed, coupled to a spindle drive and arranged to receive a regulating wheel, a workpiece mount for receiving a to-be-processed workpiece between the grinding spindle and the regulator spindle, wherein the grinding spindle and the regulator spindle are arranged at the machine bed and are moveable with respect to one another, and wherein at least one of the grinding spindle and the regulator spindle comprises an integrated damping device, wherein the damping device comprises: at least one damping unit, the at least one damping unit comprising: an auxiliary mass section, an elastic section, and a damping section, wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section are integrated in the spindle, and wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section jointly form a damped vibratory system.

2. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one of the grinding spindle and the regulator spindle further comprises a first neck and a second neck that define ends of the spindle which are facing away from one another other, wherein the first neck and the second neck are connected to one another via a hollow profile section, and wherein the damping device is accommodated in the hollow profile section between the first neck and the second neck.

3. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the damping device comprises at least one cavity and at least one compensation element, wherein the at least one cavity contains a damping fluid, wherein the damping behavior of the damping device is defined by selecting a viscosity of the damping fluid, and wherein the at least one compensation element is configured for compensating pressure variations and volume variations of the damping fluid in the at least one cavity.

4. A centerless grinding machine comprising a machine bed and at least one spindle mounted for rotation relative to the machine bed, the at least one spindle having a damping device, comprising at least one damping unit, the damping unit comprising an auxiliary mass section, an elastic section and a damping section, wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section are integrated in the spindle, and wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section jointly form a damped vibratory system.

5. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the damped vibratory system is arranged as a passive damped vibratory system and configured to increase the dynamic stiffness of the spindle.

6. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the damping device is implemented in a grinding spindle or a regulator spindle of a centerless grinding machine.

7. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section are accommodated in a hollow profile section of the spindle.

8. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the damping section comprises at least one cavity that is fillable with a damping fluid, and wherein the damping behavior of the damping device is defined by selecting a viscosity of the damping fluid.

9. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 8, wherein the damping fluid is a silicone oil, having a kinetic viscosity in the range of about 50 mm2/s to about 1,000 mm2/s.

10. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 8, further comprising at least one compensation element, wherein the at least one compensation element is configured for compensating pressure variations or volume variations of the damping fluid in the at least one cavity.

11. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 10, wherein the at least one compensation element is formed from a cellular rubber elastomer material.

12. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one damping unit comprises a first damping unit and a second damping unit wherein the first damping unit is arranged at first spindle section, wherein the second damping unit is arranged at a second spindle section, and wherein the first damping unit and the second damping unit are axially adjacent one another and facing each other.

13. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 12, further comprising a common damping section for the first damping unit and the second damping unit and extending therebetween, wherein the damping section comprises at least one cavity that is arranged to receive and contain a damping fluid.

14. A centerless grinding machine comprising: a machine bed, and a grinding spindle and a regulator spindle mounted for rotation relative to the machine bed, at least one of the grinding spindle and the regulator spindle being drivable about its longitudinal axis in a rotating fashion, the spindle comprising a damping device comprising at least one damping unit, the damping unit comprising an auxiliary mass section, an elastic section and a damping section, wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section are integrated in the spindle, and wherein the auxiliary mass section, the elastic section and the damping section jointly form a damped vibratory system.

15. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 14, further comprising a first neck and a second neck that define ends of the spindle that are facing away from each other, wherein the first neck and the second neck are connected to one another via a hollow profile section, and wherein the damping device is accommodated in the hollow profile section between the first neck and the second neck.

16. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first neck is associated with a first spindle section, wherein the second neck is associated with a second spindle section, wherein the first spindle section and the second spindle section are mediately connected to one another via the hollow profile section, wherein at least the first spindle section or the second spindle section is provided with, the auxiliary mass section and wherein the auxiliary mass section is surrounded by the hollow profile section.

17. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 16, wherein the auxillary mass section comprises a first auxillary mass section that is integrally formed with the first neck of the first spindle section, the elastic section comprising a first elastic section arranged at the first spindle section, wherein the first elastic section is formed by a material weakening in the first spindle section that is arranged between the first auxiliary mass section and the first neck, and wherein the first elastic section is surrounded by the hollow profile section.

18. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first spindle section comprises a first auxiliary mass section, wherein the second spindle section comprises a second auxiliary mass section, wherein the first auxiliary mass section is delimited by a first material weakening in the first spindle section that forms a first elastic section, wherein the second auxiliary mass section is delimited by a second material weakening in the second spindle section that forms a second elastic section, wherein the first auxiliary mass section and the first material weakening are formed at a first damping unit, wherein the second auxiliary mass section and the second material weakening are formed at a second damping unit, and wherein the first auxiliary mass section and the second auxiliary mass section are facing each other and are commonly surrounded by the hollow profile section.

19. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first elastic section is formed by a first groove having a first diameter, wherein the second elastic section is formed by a second groove having a second diameter, and wherein the first diameter and the second diameter differ from one another.

20. The grinding machine as claimed in claim 15, wherein the damping section is arranged as a cavity for containing a damping fluid, wherein the cavity is delimited by the at least one auxiliary mass section and the hollow profile section, wherein at least one inlet opening for the damping fluid is provided in the hollow profile section, and wherein the inlet opening is, in a closed state, sealingly closed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further features and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed in the following description of a plurality of exemplary embodiments, with reference to the drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic frontal view of a grinding machine which is arranged as a centerless grinding machine;

(3) FIG. 2 is a greatly simplified schematic partial view of a centerless grinding machine in top view;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a longitudinal cross section of a spindle of a grinding machine, particularly a grinding spindle or a regulator spindle which is provided with a damping device;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a longitudinal cross section of a further embodiment of a spindle including a damping device, particularly a grinding spindle or a regulator spindle;

(6) FIG. 5 is a diagram for illustrating dynamic compliances of a first type of spindles for grinding machines;

(7) FIG. 6 is a diagram for illustrating dynamic compliances of a second type of spindles for grinding machines;

(8) FIG. 7 is a diagram for illustrating an impulse-shaped excitation for detecting the decay behavior of a type of a spindle for a grinding machine;

(9) FIG. 8 is a diagram for illustrating a response of a conventionally arranged spindle to the impulse-shaped excitation illustrated in FIG. 7; and

(10) FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating a response of a spindle that is provided with a damping device to the impulse-shaped excitation illustrated in FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(11) FIG. 1 illustrates a frontal view of a grinding machine which is designated by reference numeral 10. With reference to FIG. 1 and with further reference to FIG. 2 which shows a schematic, greatly simplified partial view of a grinding machine 10 in top view, a basic structure and basic components of the grinding machine 10 will be described in the following.

(12) The grinding machine 10 may be particularly arranged as a so-called centerless grinding machine 10. By way of example, the grinding machines which are illustrated by means of FIGS. 1 and 2 are arranged as centerless external cylindrical grinding machines. The grinding machine 10 comprises a machine bed 12 which may be also referred to as frame. At the machine bed 12, saddle slideways 14, 16 may be received which enable displacement movements of components of the grinding machine 10.

(13) A coordinate system X-Y-Z may be inferred from FIGS. 1 and 2 which may be utilized to designate main directions and main axes, respectively, of the grinding machine 10. Regularly, an axis that for instance coincides with a longitudinal axis of a workpiece which is received at the grinding machine 10, or which is at least substantially parallel to this axis is regularly designated by Z. The axis Z is further oriented in substantially parallel fashion to at least one spindle axis of the grinding machine 10. An axis which may for instance serve as an infeed axis is regularly designated by X. Generally, the axis X is oriented in a perpendicular fashion with respect to the axis Z. Generally, the axis X is referred to as working axis. An axis Y generally designates a height extension. The axis Y is typically arranged in perpendicular fashion to the axis X and in perpendicular fashion to the axis Z.

(14) The saddle slideways 14, 16 may be arranged as translational guides and may particularly enable infeed movements along the X-axis. The saddle slideways 14, 16 may be however also arranged as cross table saddle slideways. Accordingly, the saddle slideways 14, 16 may enable, in addition to the movement along the X-axis, also a movement along the Z-axis. The Z-axis may be also referred to as feed axis. Movement directions which may be envisaged and which are enabled by the saddle slideway 14, 16 are indicated in FIG. 2 by arrows designated by 18, 20.

(15) The grinding machine 10 may further comprise a grinding headstock 24 and a regulating wheel headstock 26. At the grinding headstock 24, a grinding spindle 28 may be received in a rotatable fashion. At the regulating wheel headstock 26, a regulator spindle 30 may be received in a rotatable fashion. The grinding spindle 28 may be configured for carrying at least one grinding wheel 32. The regulator spindle 30 may be configured for carrying at least one regulating wheel 34. The grinding headstock 24 may be further provided with a grinding wheel drive 36, or at least coupled with a respective grinding wheel drive 36. The regulating wheel headstock 26 may be provided with a regulating wheel drive 38, or at least coupled with a regulating wheel drive 38. The saddle slideway 14 is associated to the grinding headstock 24. The saddle slideway 16 is associated to the regulating wheel headstock 26. The saddle slideways 14, 16 may be coupled with suitable drives to enable translational movements of the grinding headstock 24 and/or the regulating wheel headstock 26 in a X-Z plane, refer to the arrows designated by 18, 20 in FIG. 2.

(16) The grinding wheel drive 36 may comprise at least one motor, particularly an electromotor. The regulating wheel drive 38 may comprise at least one motor, particularly an electromotor. The grinding wheel drive 36 may be coupled with the grinding spindle 28 in a direct or mediate fashion. A mediate coupling may be for instance achieved by a gear, a clutch and similar elements. The regulating wheel drive 38 may be coupled to the regulator spindle 30 in a direct or mediate fashion. A mediate coupling may be achieved by a gear, a clutch or similar elements interposed therebetween.

(17) The grinding spindle 28 may comprise at least one bearing 40. In another exemplary embodiment, two bearing locations 40-1, 40-2 between which the grinding wheel 32 is arranged, refer to FIG. 2. The regulator spindle 30 may comprise at least one bearing 42, preferably a first bearing location 42-1 and a second bearing location 42-2. Between the bearing locations 42-1, 42-2, the at least one regulating wheel 34 may be arranged, refer also particularly to FIG. 2.

(18) Between the grinding spindle 28 and the regulator spindle 30, a workpiece mount 46 is arranged which is received at a workpiece mount support 48. The workpiece mount 46 is configured for receiving and/or supporting a workpiece 50 which may be received between the grinding spindle 28 and the regulator spindle 30 for grinding machining. The workpiece mount 46 may be also referred to as support ruler.

(19) The grinding spindle 28 including the grinding wheel 42 which is attached thereto is rotatable and/or drivable in a rotary fashion about a longitudinal axis 54. The regulator spindle 30 including the regulating wheel 34 which is attached thereto is rotatable and/or drivable in a rotary fashion about a longitudinal axis 56. The grinding spindle 28 and the regulator spindle 30 may cooperate in such a way that the workpiece 50 which is received therebetween may be set in rotation about its longitudinal axis 58 by the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34. In other words, the workpiece 50 may be driven by the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34 in a mediate fashion. As may be inferred from FIGS. 1 and 2 in conjunction, the axes 54, 56 and 58 may be arranged in a common X-Z plane. Particularly, the axes 54, 56, 58 may be arranged to one another in a parallel fashion. As already mentioned herein before, it may be also envisaged that at least the regulator spindle 30 and/or the longitudinal axis 56 thereof may be at least slightly inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 54 of the grinding spindle 28, and/or may be offset thereto in an angular fashion. Such an inclination may cause a feed motion of the workpiece 50. This may be applicable particularly for so-called through feed grinding operations. In this way, particularly a feed motion of the workpiece may be provided. It goes without saying that a feed motion of the workpiece 50 may be also achieved in a different way. Generally, the grinding machine 10 may be also configured for performing groove grinding or plunge grinding operations. It further goes without saying that also the workpiece mount 46 and/or the workpiece mount support 48 may be provided with a respective drive.

(20) Based on the view of FIG. 1, it is further apparent that the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34 may be basically drivable in a rotatory fashion in the same direction of rotation. Generally, a rotatory drive of the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34 is effected in such a way that different circumferential velocities may be present at the same. A resulting circumferential velocity difference may effect an entrainment of the workpiece 50 by the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34 which comprises slippage or spin. Basically, the workpiece 50 is set in rotation by the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34, the direction of rotation of which is opposite is to the direction of rotation of the grinding wheel 32 and of the regulating wheel 34. Based on the different levels of circumferential velocities of the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34, basically no ideal slippage-free or spin-free entrainment may be effected. Rather, between the workpiece 50 and the grinding wheel 32, a relative movement, particularly a sliding relative movement, may be effected. This relative movement basically causes the material removal at the workpiece 50.

(21) By appropriately controlling carriage drives (not separately shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) of at least one of the grinding headstock 24 and the regulating wheel headstock 26, further an infeed force and/or pressing-on force in the X-direction to the workpiece 50 may be defined and generated. In other words, the workpiece 50 may be clamped between the grinding wheel 32 and the regulating wheel 34, particularly clamped in a biased state. It has been seen that during operation of the grinding machine 10, dynamic compliances of the grinding spindle 28 and/or the regulator spindle 30 may occur. These dynamic compliances, in combination with the pressing-on force, may have an adverse effect on the machining accuracy. Further, involved dynamic effects may lead to a premature wear of the grinding wheel 32 or the regulating wheel 34. Further, an increased load on the bearings 40, 42 may be involved. In another exemplary embodiment, at least the grinding spindle 28 or the regulator spindle 30 is provided with damping action (or damping capability), particularly with a damping device, to enable an increased dynamic stiffness.

(22) By way of example, the grinding machine 10 may further comprise a feed 62 for a coolant and lubricant cutting fluid (abbreviation: KSS-feed). Further, particularly the grinding headstock 24 may be associated with a dressing device 64 for dressing the grinding wheel 32. The grinding machine 10 may be provided with a control device 66 by means of which an operator may operate and run the grinding machine 10. It goes without saying that the control device 66 may be also arranged for an automatic control of the grinding machine 10.

(23) In the following, an exemplary implementation of a spindle will be illustrated with reference to FIG. 3 and to FIG. 4, which spindle may be basically used as grinding spindle 28 or as regulator spindle 30 and which may be provided with a damping device 70 for reducing undesired dynamic compliances. FIG. 3 illustrates a longitudinal cross section through a spindle which may be utilized as a grinding spindle 28 or a regulator spindle 30 (in the following uniformly referred to as spindle 28, 30). FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective cross-sectional view of a spindle 28, 30 in a longitudinal cross section which is basically arranged in a similar fashion.

(24) In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the spindle 28, 30 is provided with a damping device 70 which comprises at least one damping unit 72, 74. Particularly, the damping device 70 may comprise a first damping unit 72 and a second damping unit 74. The first damping unit 72 may be associated to a first spindle section 76. The second damping unit 74 may be associated to a second spindle section 78. Between the spindle sections 76, 78, a hollow profile section 80 may extend. The spindle sections 76, 78 may be connected to one another via the hollow profile section 80. It is particularly preferred that no direct, immediate connection (in a mechanical fashion) is present between the spindle sections 76, 78. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the mechanical/structural connection between the first spindle section 76 and the second spindle section 78 is achieved via the hollow profile section 80 which extends therebetween.

(25) The first spindle section 76 may comprise a neck 82. The neck 82 may comprise a bearing piece 84 and an entrainment section 86. At the bearing piece 84, the first neck 82 may be received, refer to the bearings 40, 42 in FIG. 2. At the entrainment section 86, the neck 82 may be driven in a rotatory fashion about its longitudinal axis 54, 56. In this way, the spindle 28, 30 may be set into rotation about its longitudinal axis 54, 56. The second spindle section 78 comprises a neck 88 which may comprise a bearing piece 90. The neck 88 may be coupled with a bearing 40, 42 via the bearing piece 90, refer to FIG. 2. Each of the both spindle sections 76, 78 may provide a bearing location for the spindle 28, 30 so that the same may be received at both ends thereof.

(26) The first spindle section 76 further comprises a flange or collar 92 which is connected to the neck 82. The second spindle section 78 is in a similar fashion provided with a flange or collar 94 which is connected to the neck 88. Particularly, the spindle sections 76, 78 may be coupled with the hollow profile section 80 via the collars 92, 94. By way of example, the hollow profile section 80 is arranged as a tubular profile 98, refer also to FIG. 4. The tubular profile 98 is, at respective front sides, coupled to the first spindle section 76 and the second spindle section 78, respectively. To this end, the respective collar 92, 94 may contact a front face of the tubular profile 98 which is facing the collar 92, 94.

(27) For fixing the spindle sections 76, 78 with the hollow profile section 80 and/or the tubular profile 98, mounting elements 100 may be provided which may for instance enable a force-fit mounting. By way of example, mounting elements 100-1, 100-2 are indicated in FIG. 4 which take the form of screws. It may be basically also envisaged to bond the spindle sections 76, 78 to the hollow profile section 80. A bonded connection may for instance involve welding, soldering, gluing or combinations thereof. It may be also envisaged to secure the composition of the spindle sections 76, 78 and the hollow profile section 80 in a bonding fashion and a force-fit fashion. To this end, the connection may be effected via the mounting elements 100 and an adhesive layer or a gluing layer.

(28) In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the connection of the spindle sections 76, 78 to the hollow profile section 80 is effected in a sealed fashion. It is in other words desirable that the spindle sections 76, 78 and/or their collars 92, 94 are received at the hollow profile section 80 in a sealed, particularly a fluid-prove sealed fashion. To this end, gaskets or sealing rings 102 may be provided which may be for instance received at the spindle sections 76, 78 or at the hollow profile section 80. In FIG. 4, corresponding sealing rings 102-1, 102-2 are indicated which are received at the spindle sections 76, 78 and which may be inserted in the hollow profile section 80 to seal the connection between the hollow profile section 80 and the spindle sections 76, 78. The sealing rings 102-1, 102-2 may be arranged as radially effective sealing rings. It may be however also envisaged to utilize axially effective sealing rings, and to couple the same particularly to front faces of the hollow profile section 80 and the collars 92, 94 of the spindle sections 76, 78 that are facing each other.

(29) As already indicated above, the spindle 28, 30 comprises a damping device 70 including at least one damping unit 72, 74. This means in other words, embodiments may be envisaged in which only one spindle section 76, 78 is assigned with a damping unit 72, 74. Nevertheless, at least in some exemplary embodiments, each of both spindle sections 76, 78 may be coupled and/or provided with a respective damping unit 72, 74. Each damping unit 72, 74 may comprise an auxiliary mass section 108, 110, an elastic section 112, 114, and a damping section 116, 118. By way of example, the first damping unit 72 may comprise a first auxiliary mass section 108, a first elastic section 112, and a first damping section 116. Similarly, the second damping unit 74 may comprise a second auxiliary mass section 110, a second elastic section 114, and a second damping section 118.

(30) The at least one damping section 116, 118 may be basically formed by a cavity 122 which is present between the hollow profile section 80 and the elements of the spindle sections 76, 78 that are accommodated therein. The cavity 122 may be therefore formed for instance by a circumferential gap 122 between an interior wall o the hollow profile section 80 and an exterior circumference of the at least one auxiliary mass sections 108, 110. Further, the cavity 122 may comprise an axial gap 126 which may be present between front-sided frontal surfaces of the auxiliary mass sections 108, 110. Further, the cavity 122 may comprise at least one annular groove 128 which may encircle the at least one elastic section 112, 114. It may be further inferred from the embodiment in accordance with FIG. 3 that a first annular groove 128-1 may be associated to a first elastic section 112, and a second annular groove 128-2 may be associated to a second elastic section 114. The circumferential gap 124, the axial gap 126, and the at least one annular gap groove may define the cavity 122.

(31) In the cavity 122, the at least one damping section 116, 118 may be formed. In one exemplary embodiment, the at least one damping section 116, 118 is filled with a damping fluid 132 (in FIG. 3 merely sectionally indicated). In another exemplary embodiment, the cavity 122 that forms the at least one damping section 116, 118 is entirely or nearly entirely filled with the damping fluid 132. The damping fluid 132 may be arranged as a silicone oil, for instance. Nevertheless, other damping fluids may be envisaged. In another exemplary embodiment, the damping fluid comprises a kinematic viscosity which is adapted to the desired damping behavior of the damping device 70. With the examples illustrated in accordance with FIGS. 3 and 4, for instance a damping fluid in the form of silicone oil may be utilized which comprises a kinematic viscosity of about 100 mm.sup.2/s.

(32) The at least one auxiliary mass section 108, 110, the at least one elastic section 112, 114 and the at least one damping section 116, 118 (which is filled with the damping fluid 132) may jointly form a damped vibratory system. The damping fluid 132 in the damping section 116, 118 is assigned with the task to dissipate kinetic energy and/or vibratory energy from the system. This may be for instance effected by a transformation into thermal energy.

(33) The cavity 122 may be fillable through at least one opening 134 in the hollow profile section 80, refer to FIG. 3. The at least one opening 134 may be closable by means of at least one closing element 136, refer to a first closing element 136-1 and a second closing element 136-2 in FIG. 4. The at least one closing element 136 may be for instance arranged as a plug or a closing screw. In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the cavity 122 is sealingly closable (i.e. can be closed in a sealed fashion). Particularly, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the cavity 122 may be closed (or closable) in a fluid-prove sealed or gas-prove sealed fashion. In this way, it is ensured that the damping fluid 132 cannot escape from the cavity 122. It is also ensured that no considerable pressure compensation with the environment takes place when the pressure of the damping fluid 132 increases.

(34) In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, variations of the fill level and/or pressure variations of the damping fluid 132 are compensated by means of a compensation element 140 which may be accommodated in the hollow profile section 80 as well as the damping units 72, 74. For instance, in FIG. 3, the compensation element 140 is provided at an axial front face of the auxiliary mass section 110. It may be envisaged to receive a respective compensation element 140 in both the first auxiliary mass section 108 and the second auxiliary mass section 110, for instance in axial front faces thereof that are facing one another. Other embodiments and arrangements of the compensation element 140 within the hollow profile section 80 may be envisaged. In another exemplary embodiment, the compensation element 140 is sufficiently elastic, particularly sufficiently compressible. By way of example, the compensation element 140 may be arranged to be deformed upon a pressure increase or volume increase of the damping fluid 132 in the cavity 122, particularly arranged to become compressed, to provide sufficient space for the expanding damping fluid 132. In this way, an excessive pressure increase of the damping fluid 132 in the cavity 122 may be avoided. This may be applicable for instance in case of a temperature rise in the at least one damping section 116, 118 which is formed by the cavity 122.

(35) In another exemplary embodiment, the at least one compensation element 140 is formed from an elastomer material. Particularly, cellular rubber materials or cellular rubber-like materials may be suited. In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the at least one compensation element 140 is a fluoro cellular rubber based on a fluoro-elastomer.

(36) The at least one auxiliary mass section 108, 110 may be arranged as a mass piece which is arranged in a basically cylindrical fashion, and which basically extends along the longitudinal axis 54, 56. The at least one mass piece 108, 110 may be connected to the respective spindle section 76, 78 via the at least one elastic section 112, 114. The at least one elastic section 112, 114 may be formed by a material weakening 142, 144 in the respective spindle section 76, 78. By weakening the material in the elastic sections 112, 114, compliancy of the spindle sections 76, 78 may be increased. In this way, the vibratory capability of the auxiliary mass sections 108, 110 may be increased. Vibrations of the auxiliary mass sections 108, 110 may comprise different vibration modes. For instance, torsional vibrations about the longitudinal axis 54, 56 may be envisaged. Similarly, bending vibrations may be envisaged, wherein the at least one auxiliary mass section 108, 110 may assume slightly inclined orientations with respect to the longitudinal axis 54, 56. Deflections may be performed along the X-axis and along the Y-axis. Regularly, however, complex vibration modes may be present which may for instance represent combinations of longitudinal vibrations, torsional vibrations and/or bending vibrations.

(37) The damping behavior of the damping device 70 may be influenced in a desired fashion by an appropriate adjustment of the at least one auxiliary mass section 108, 110, the at least one elastic section 112, 114 and the at least one damping section 116, 118particularly of the filling thereof with the damping fluid 132. The mass of the at least one auxiliary mass section 108, 110 may be basically influenced by the external shape thereof. The elasticity of the at least one elastic section 112, 114 may be influenced by the axial extension thereof and by varying the cross section 142, 144 thereof that remains after the material weakening. By way of example, after processing the material weakening 142, 144 at the first elastic section 112, a first diameter 148 may remain. By way of example, after the material weakening 144 of the second elastic section 114, a second diameter 150 may remain, refer to FIG. 3.

(38) The diameters 148, 150 may be adjusted to one another in an appropriate fashion to influence the damping characteristics of the damping device 70 in a favorable fashion. By way of example, in the exemplary embodiment elucidated with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the first elastic section 112 may comprise a first diameter 148 of about 35 mm. Further, the second elastic section 114 may comprise a second diameter 150 of about 40 mm. The diameters 148, 150 may be generally also referred to as adjustment diameters. A shaping of the elastic sections 112, 114 with different adjustment diameters may have a positive effect on the desired broad-band capability of the damping action.

(39) It goes without saying that the spindle sections 76, 78 and the hollow profile section 80 may be basically manufactured from customary materials, particularly from customary steel materials which may be basically also utilized for the production of spindles of a conventional shape. In the FIGS. 3 and 4, the spindle sections 76, 78 are shown as integrally shaped or as basically integrally shaped components which integrate at least the auxiliary mass section 108, 110 and the elastic section 112, 114 therein. In this way, for instance, the assembly of the spindle 28, 30 may be simplified. However, it may be also envisaged that the spindle sections 76, 78 may be arranged as assembled spindle sections in the alternative. It may be for instance envisaged to provide at least the respective auxiliary mass section 108, 110 or the respective elastic section 112, 114 as a separate component and to assemble the same with the spindle section 76, 78 in an appropriate fashion to a compound structure.

(40) With reference to FIGS. 5 to 9, in the following, functional examples of the arrangement of spindles with damping devices which are arranged in accordance with at least some aspects of the present disclosure will be elucidated. FIGS. 5 to 9 at least partially make reference to exemplary regulator spindles which are provided with a damping device in accordance with the exemplary embodiment elucidated with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As a reference, particularly a regulator spindle of a conventional type is utilized which comprises similar dimensions and/or is provided with a similar regulating wheel.

(41) FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate dynamic compliances (resilience frequency responses) of the regulator spindle in a working direction which coincides with the X-direction. The working direction X is regularly oriented in a fashion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the regulator spindle. At an axis of abscissas, frequency values in Hz (Hertz) are shown, respectively. At an ordinate axis, compliancy values in m/N (micrometer per Newton) are presented. The ordinate axis comprises a logarithmic scale.

(42) In FIG. 5, a graph designated by A1 elucidates the dynamic compliancy of a regulator spindle comprising a regulating wheel diameter of 350 mm (millimeter), which corresponds to a conventional type, which is hence not provided with a damping device in accordance with at least some aspects of the present disclosure. Accordingly, a graph which is designated by A2 elucidates the dynamic compliancy of a regulator spindle which also comprises a regulating wheel including a diameter of 350 mm, and which is further provided with a damping device which is arranged in a fashion at least similar to the exemplary embodiments illustrated with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. It becomes apparent that the absolute dynamic compliancy is reduced by about 50% by the implementation of the damping device. Further, it may be inferred from FIG. 5 that a maximum of compliancy (approximately at 324 Hz) of the not-damped spindle may be shifted to significantly lower frequencies due to the implementation of the damping device. It is further apparent that the graph A2 which represents the compliancy of the damped spindle is significantly flatter in the relevant region.

(43) In FIG. 6, a graph designated by B1 elucidates the dynamic compliancy of a regulator spindle which is provided with a regulating wheel comprising a diameter of 290 mm and which is not equipped with a damping device damping device in accordance with the present disclosure. In contrast, a graph designated by B2 elucidates the dynamic compliancy of a regulator spindle which is also provided with a regulating wheel comprising a diameter of 290 mm, wherein the regulator spindle is further equipped with a damping device in accordance with at least some aspects of the present disclosure. It may be inferred also from the representation in accordance with FIG. 6 that on the one hand a maximum compliancy is reduced by more than 50%. It becomes further apparent that the frequency where the maximum is present at a conventional regulator spindle (in FIG. 6 approx. 372 Hz by the graph B1) may be shifted to significantly lower frequencies by the implementation of damping device in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 6 further shows that the curve of the dynamic compliancy for the damped spindle B2 is less pointed than the corresponding curve B1 of the not-damped spindle.

(44) In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, the damping effect proven based on FIGS. 5 and 6 may be achieved with spindles which are provided with the same damping device. In other words, in accordance with this exemplary embodiment, the damping device is adjusted in a broad sense in such a way that, regardless of an actual diameter of the selected regulating wheel, a significant improvement of the dynamic compliancy may be effected.

(45) With reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the decay behavior of some spindles, particularly of some regulator spindles in response to an impulse-shaped excitation in the working direction (X-direction) is elucidated. In FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, the axis of abscissas respectively shows a time period in s (seconds).

(46) FIG. 7 elucidates on the basis of a graph designated by 180 will temporal form of the impulse-shaped excitation. The ordinate of the graphic representation in accordance with FIG. 7 illustrates the impact force in N (Newton). At a time instant 0.05 s, a nearly ideal impulse-shaped excitation at a force of about 1400 N is applied. The impulse-shaped excitation is applied to both a regulator spindle of a conventional type, which is not equipped with a damping device in accordance with the present disclosure, refer to FIG. 8, and the excitation is also performed to a regulator spindle which is provided with a damping device which may correspond in substantial aspects thereof to the embodiments elucidates with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, refer to FIG. 9. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 elucidate a corresponding impulse response.

(47) In FIGS. 8 and 9, the ordinate axis illustrates an acceleration in the X-direction (working direction) in m/s.sup.2 which occurs as in reaction to the impulse-shaped excitation. A graph which is indicated in FIG. 8 by 190 shows that the conventional regulator spindle requires a long time for the decay. Particularly, at least in the range between 0.05 s and 0.1 s, clearly visible post-vibrations are present. In contrast, a graph which is designated in FIG. 9 a by 200 elucidates that the regulator spindle which is provided with the damping device comprises a significantly greater self-damping capability. Already after only a few amplitudes, the decay of the spindle is nearly entirely accomplished. At a time instant of 0.1 s, almost no vibrations are noticeable.