Monitoring and Alert System and Method for Latching Mechanisms

Abstract

A monitoring and alert system for retro-fitting to latching mechanisms. A master control unit is located proximate to an operator of the system. It includes a user interface having: an input enabling an operator to arm the system and then allow it to operate with minimal interaction of the operator. It also includes an output alerting the operator as to the status of the system in relation to a plurality of prescribed conditions. One or more slave units having sensing units detecting a latched and unlatched state are attached to a discrete latching mechanism for detecting the latching status thereof. Each slave unit comprises sensing means to detect whether the latching mechanism is in a latched state or an unlatched state.

Claims

1. A monitoring and alert system for retro-fitting to latching mechanisms including: a master control unit to be located proximate to an operator of the system, comprising a user interface having: (a) an input enabling an operator to arm the system and then allow it to operate with minimal interaction of the operator; (b) an output alerting the operator as to the status of the system in relation to a plurality of prescribed conditions; and (c) a master processor providing the functionality of the master control unit; one or more slave units each being fixedly attached to a discrete latching mechanism for detecting the latching status thereof, each slave unit comprising: (i) a sensor detecting whether the latching mechanism is in a latched state or an unlatched state, and (ii) a slave processor providing the functionality of the slave unit; and a communicator communicating periodically status and alert signals between the master control unit and each of the slave units; wherein the master processor and the slave processor are designed to invoke various initialising processes and running processes for the master control unit and each of the slave units during an initialising phase and running phase respectively, involving interaction with the operator via the user interface, the initialising processes and running process including a detect slave process and an update slave process to identify the latching status of each of the slave units.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein a said slave unit also comprising: a slave power supply providing local power to the slave unit; and a slave power supply monitor monitoring the level of local power supplied to the slave unit and indicate when the level is below a prescribed threshold for reliable operation thereof; and wherein during a running phase the master processor is designed to invoke: (A) a system state process to ascertain the latest latching status of each of the slave units whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the master control unit; (B) a power state process to check with the slave power supply monitor that the local power level is not below the prescribed threshold; (C) a user interface process to process input signals from the input and update the output to convey the latest latching and power state status to the operator.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slave processor is designed to invoke a slave unit status routine to transmit: a power alert signal if the slave power supply monitor indicates that the local power is below the prescribed threshold; and the latching status of the slave unit, whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the slave unit.

4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communicator comprises a master transceiver forming part of the master control unit and a slave transceiver forming part of each slave unit for wirelessly communicating status and alert signals between the master control unit and each of the slave units.

5. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the master control unit includes: (a) a master power supply providing local power to the master control unit; and (b) a master power supply monitor monitoring the level of the local power supplied to the master control unit and indicate when this is below a prescribed threshold for reliable operation thereof.

6. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slave processor invokes a sleep processes for a slave unit during a sleeping phase that cycle through a hibernating low power state and high power transmitting state, to communicate an update of the latching status to the master control unit.

7. A master control unit for a retro-fitted monitoring and alert system for latching mechanisms including one or more slave units each being fixedly attached to a discrete latching mechanism for detecting the latching status thereof, each slave unit comprising: (i) a sensor detecting whether the latching mechanism is in a latched state or an unlatched state; and (ii) a slave transceiver forming part of a communicator for communicating periodically status and alert signals to the master control unit; the master control unit to be located proximate to an operator of the system and comprising: (a) a user interface having: an input enabling an operator to arm the system and then allow it to operate with minimal interaction of the operator; and an output alerting the operator as to the status of the system in relation to a plurality of prescribed conditions; (b) a master processor providing the functionality of the master control unit; and (c) a master transceiver forming part of the communicator for communicating status and alert signals between the master control unit and each of the slave units; wherein the master processor is designed to invoke various master initialising processes for the master control unit during an initialisation phase involving interaction with the operator via the user interface, the master initialising processes including a detect slave process to communicate with each slave unit and identify the latching status of each of the slave units.

8. A master control unit as claimed in claim 7, wherein each slave unit further comprises: a slave power supply providing local power to the slave unit; and a slave power supply monitor monitoring the level of local power supplied to the slave unit and indicate when this is below a prescribed threshold for reliable operation thereof; and wherein during a running phase the master processor is designed to invoke: (A) a system state process to ascertain the latest latching status of each of the slave units whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the master control unit; (B) a power state process to check with the slave power supply monitor that the local power level is not below the prescribed threshold; (C) a user interface process to process input signals from the input and update the output to convey the latest latching and power state status to the operator.

9. A master control unit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the slave processor is designed to invoke a slave unit status routine to transmit: a power alert signal if the slave power supply monitor indicates that the local power is below the prescribed threshold; and the latching status of the slave unit, whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the slave unit.

10. A master control unit as claimed in claim 7, having a master power supply for providing local power to the master control unit; and a master power supply monitor monitoring the level of local power supplied to the master control unit and indicate when this is below a prescribed threshold for reliable operation thereof.

11. A master control unit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the master transceiver communicates status and alert signals between the master control unit and each of the slave units wirelessly via the communicator.

12. A slave unit for a retro-fitted monitoring and alert system for latching mechanisms including a master control unit to be located proximate to an operator of the system, the master control unit comprising: (a) a user interface having: an input enabling an operator to arm the system and then allow it to operate with minimal interaction of the operator; and an output alerting the operator as to the status of the system in relation to a plurality of prescribed conditions; and (b) a master transceiver forming part of a communicator communicating status and alert signals from the slave unit; the slave unit being fixedly attached to a discrete latching mechanism for detecting the latching status thereof, each slave unit comprising: (i) a sensor detecting whether the latching mechanism is in a latched state or an unlatched state, (ii) a slave processor providing the functionality of the slave unit; and (iii) a slave transceiver forming part of the communicator communicating periodically status and alert signals between the slave unit and the master control unit; wherein the slave processor is designed to invoke various slave initialising processes for the slave unit during an initialisation phase involving interaction with the master control unit to communicate the latching status of the slave unit.

13. A slave unit as claimed in claim 12, further comprising: a slave power supply providing local power to the slave unit; and a slave power supply monitor monitoring the level of local power supplied to the slave unit and indicate when the level is below a prescribed threshold for reliable operation thereof; and wherein during a running phase the slave processor, in response to the master processor, is designed to invoke: (A) an update status process to provide the latest latching status of the slave unit whilst ensuring minimal power consumption; (B) an update power state process to indicate that the local power level is not below the prescribed threshold.

14. A slave unit as claimed in claim 12, wherein the slave processor invokes a slave unit status routine to transmit a power alert signal if the slave power supply monitor indicates that the local power is below the prescribed threshold, and the latching status of the slave unit, whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the slave unit.

15. A slave unit as claimed in claim 12, wherein the slave transceiver communicates status and alert signals to the master control unit wirelessly via the communicator.

16. A slave unit as claimed in claim 12, wherein the slave processor invokes sleep processes for a slave unit during a sleeping phase that cycle through a hibernating low power state and high power transmitting state, to communicate an update of the latching status to the master control unit.

17. A method for monitoring and alerting the latching status of a latching mechanism including: initialising during an initialisation phase, a locally powered master control unit located proximate to an operator to determine the latching status of the latching mechanism, and a locally powered slave unit to be attached to the latching mechanism, involving interaction with the operator to identify the latching status of the latching mechanism; during a running phase: (a) ascertaining the latest latching status of the latching mechanism whilst ensuring minimal power consumption by the master control unit and the slave unit; (b) checking that the local power supply level for master control unit and the slave unit is not below a prescribed threshold; (c) wirelessly communicating periodically status and alert signals between the slave unit and the master control unit; and (d) conveying the latest latching and power state status to the operator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0073] The invention will be better understood in the light of the flowing description of the best mode for carrying out the invention. The description is made with reference to the following drawings that consist of schematic diagrams of various aspects of a system according to different embodiments of the present invention, and its operation and use; wherein:

[0074] FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing the general spatial location of a dash mounted unit (DMU) and cartridge units (CMU) that constitute the monitoring and alert system in accordance with the first specific embodiment of the invention;

[0075] FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing the location of the DMU on the dashboard of the motor vehicle shown in FIG. 1;

[0076] FIG. 3 is a front perspective view showing the DMU of FIG. 1;

[0077] FIG. 4 is a front perspective view showing the DMU printed circuit board (PCB) that is encapsulated within the casing of the DMU of FIG. 3;

[0078] FIG. 5 is an exploded view showing the assembly of the DMU PCB into the front casing of the DMU of FIG. 3;

[0079] FIG. 6A is an inner perspective view of the rear casing of the DMU of FIG. 3 showing the assembly of the magnet units into the magnet recesses of the casing;

[0080] FIG. 6B is an outer perspective view of the rear casing of FIG. 6A;

[0081] FIG. 7 is a front perspective view showing the assembly of the rear casing to the front casing of the DMU of FIG. 3, encapsulating the DMU PCB therein;

[0082] FIG. 8 is a front perspective view showing the DMU mounting plate for the DMU of FIG. 3 and adhesive for mounting the DMU mounting plate to the dashboard;

[0083] FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of the CMU of FIG. 1;

[0084] FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view of the CMU PCB that is encapsulated within the casing of the CMU of FIG. 9, showing the configuration of the reed switch and magnet;

[0085] FIG. 11 is an exploded view showing the assembly of the CMU PCB into the rear casing of the CMU of FIG. 9;

[0086] FIG. 12 is an exploded view showing the assembly of the front casing to the rear casing of the CMU of FIG. 9, encapsulating the CMU PCB therein;

[0087] FIG. 13 is a rear perspective view of the CMU of FIG. 9 showing the adhesive tape in position for mounting the CMU to the seat belt latch;

[0088] FIG. 13A is an exploded view of the rear top of the seat belt latch showing the assembly of the CMU shown in FIG. 13 to the bottom of the seat belt latch;

[0089] FIG. 13B is a similar view to FIG. 13B, but showing the assembly from the front top of the seat belt latch;

[0090] FIG. 14 is a front top perspective view of the seat belt latch shown in FIGS. 13A and 13B with the CMU fully fitted ready for operation;

[0091] FIG. 15 is a series of orthogonal views of FIG. 14, wherein: [0092] A is a top view; [0093] B is a side view; [0094] C is an end view; and [0095] D is a bottom view;

[0096] FIG. 16A is a similar view to FIG. 14 showing the latching plate of the seat belt in an unfastened position;

[0097] FIG. 16B is a similar view to FIG. 16A, but showing the latching plate in a fastened position;

[0098] FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram of the DMU PCB of FIG. 4; FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram of the CMU PCB of FIG. 10;

[0099] FIG. 19 is schematic block diagram showing the general hardware structure of the monitoring and alert system;

[0100] FIG. 20 is a high level flow chart showing the main processes performed by the master control unit and the slave units;

[0101] FIG. 21 is a high level flow chart showing the main processes performed during the initialising phase;

[0102] FIG. 22 is a high level flow chart showing the main processes performed during the running phase;

[0103] FIG. 23 is a high level flow chart showing the main processes performed during the sleeping phase;

[0104] FIG. 24 is a lower level flow chart showing the detect transmitting cartridges process of the initialising phase;

[0105] FIG. 25 is a lower level flow chart showing the update cartridge status process of the initialising phase and running phase;

[0106] FIG. 26 is a lower level flow chart showing the update cartridge power state process of the running phase;

[0107] FIG. 27 is a lower level flow chart showing the update DMU power state of the running phase;

[0108] FIG. 28 is a lower level flow chart showing the update DMU system state of the initialising phase and the running phase;

[0109] FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C are lower level flow charts showing the update status LEDs and speaker state process of the master control unit and the slave units shown in FIG. 4, wherein: [0110] FIG. 29A shows the process flow for the update status LEDs and speaker state process for the amber LED; [0111] FIG. 29B shows the process flow for the update status LEDs and speaker state process for the bi-coloured LEDs; and [0112] FIG. 29C shows the process flow for the update status LEDs and speaker state process for the blue LED;

[0113] FIG. 30 is a high level flow chart showing the main processes performed by the slave units;

[0114] FIG. 31 is a lower level flow chart showing the run cartridge Tx routine process of the slave units shown in FIG. 14;

[0115] FIG. 32 is a relatively high level flow chart showing the alert LED operation during the start-up mode and the running mode with respect to the first specific embodiment;

[0116] FIG. 33 is a lower level flow chart showing the cartridge battery LED process with respect to the first specific embodiment;

[0117] FIG. 34 is a lower level flow chart showing the DMU power LED process with respect to the first specific embodiment;

[0118] FIG. 35A is a schematic diagram showing the conceptual arrangement of the monitoring and alert system as described with respect to the second specific embodiment;

[0119] FIG. 35B shows a variation of the second specific embodiment;

[0120] FIG. 36A is a schematic diagrams showing the conceptual arrangement of the monitoring and alert system as described with respect to the third specific embodiment; and

[0121] FIG. 36B shows a variation of the third specific embodiment.

BEST MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0122] The best mode for carrying out the invention is described with respect to several specific embodiments all directed towards a retro-fitted monitoring and alert system for latching mechanisms and a method for operating same that allows a person to arm the system and alert a person in the vicinity or remotely of the latching mechanism, when the mechanism is released.

[0123] The first specific embodiment is adapted for retro-fitting the monitoring and alert system to a set of latching mechanisms in the form of rear seat belt assemblies in a motor vehicle 11. In this embodiment, a driver of the vehicle may arm the system after buckling up the passengers in the rear seats, and then have the system monitor the rear seat belts and alert the driver when a seat belt is unbuckled, i.e. when the latching mechanism is released.

[0124] The monitoring and alert system generally comprises a master control unit and a plurality of slave units. In the present embodiment, the master control unit is mounted within a Dashboard Mounted Unit (DMU) 13 for retro-fitted mounting to a dashboard 14 of the motor vehicle 11 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings. The slave units in the present embodiment are Cartridge Mounted Units (CMUs) 15 that are retro-fitted in a fixed mounting arrangement to each of the rear seatbelt latches as shown in FIG. 1 of the drawings.

[0125] As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the DMU 13 comprises a front-casing 13a and a rear-casing 13b that encapsulates a DMU Printed Circuit Board (PCB) 17.

[0126] The front-casing 13a is embossed with various indicia and is provided with various apertures to accommodate and provide access to a various inputs, outputs, and input/output means, which are surface-mounted onto the DMU PCB 17.

[0127] The input may include a power push-button 19, an acknowledge button 21, and a DMU battery 22. The output may include a yellow (amber) cartridge battery indicator light emitting diode (LED) 23, a blue power LED 25, a bi-coloured LED (i.e. red and green) 27, indicating whether the rear seatbelts are in an unbuckled condition (red) or a buckled condition (green), and a speaker 28. The input/output means may include a male USB connector 29 for providing a remote power source to charge the DMU battery 22 and a DMU transceiver.

[0128] The rear DMU casing 13b includes recesses 31 accommodating mounting magnets 33, apertures 35 to allow the propagation of sound waves from the speaker 28, and an aperture 36 for accommodating the USB connector 29, as shown in FIG. 6A. The outer casing 13b, as shown in FIG. 6B of the drawings includes a convex-shaped protrusion 37 which forms a backing plate for accommodating the mounting magnets 33 to facilitate retro-fitting location of the DMU 13 at a convenient location on the dashboard 14. This is achieved in conjunction with a mounting plate 39, as shown in FIG. 8 of the drawings. The DMU 13 is assembled by positioning the DMU PCB 17 within the front casing 13a as shown in FIG. 5 of the drawings and snapping the rear casing 13b into locking engagement with the remainder of the assembly as shown in FIG. 7.

[0129] The mounting plate 39 is made of a suitable ferromagnetic substance and is positioned at a convenient place on the dashboard 20 by a double-sided adhesive strip 41 being adhered on one side to the dashboard; and then to the rear of the mounting plate on the other side.

[0130] The mounting plate includes a correspondingly concave-shaped recess 43 complementary to the shape and configuration of the protrusion 37. In this manner, the DMU 13 may be positioned so that the protrusion 37 snaps into magnetically locking engagement with the mounting plate 39 for releasable positioning on the dashboard 14.

[0131] The CMU 15 is shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 and comprises a top casing 15a, a rear casing 15b and an encapsulated CMU PCB 45. The CMU casing is specially designed to be retro-fitted to a seatbelt latch 47 as shown in FIGS. 13 to 16. Moreover, the rear case 15b is L-shaped in side elevation, having a recessed portion 49a and a cantilevered portion 49b. This arrangement presents an inner stepped configuration on the inside of the rear casing, whereby the CMU PCB 45 can be mounted on an inner landing surface 51a of the stepped configuration and a recessed portion 51b can accommodate sensing components 53 forming part of a sensor surmounted on the confronting face 45a of the CMU PCB 45.

[0132] The sensor of the CMU PCB 45 may comprise a reed switch 53a and an in-line magnet 53b, which constitute the sensing components 53 and are mounted towards the top of the confronting face 45a. A CMU battery 54 is mounted on the opposite face 45b of the CMU PCB 45 that confronts the inner side of the front CMU casing 15a. The sensing components 53 can be disposed towards the top end of the CMU PCB 45 and are particularly configured so that they are fully accommodated within the recessed portion 51b of the rear casing 15b.

[0133] As shown in FIGS. 11 & 12, the CMU 15 is assembled by positioning the CMU PCB 45 in the manner indicated within the rear casing 15b and snap locking the front casing 15a in position to encapsulate the CMU PCB 45 therein.

[0134] The recessed portion 49a is shaped to receive a two-sided layer of adhesive tape 55 to fixedly adhere the CMU 15 to the underside of a rear seatbelt latch 47 so that the cantilevered portion 49b marginally protrudes over the front end 47a of the latch 47, adjacent to the slot for receiving a plate 57 of the seatbelt, and the recessed portion 49a is adhered firmly to the bottom of the seatbelt latch 47 extending toward the rear end 47b of the latch. The particular mounting arrangement is well shown in FIGS. 13 to 15.

[0135] The mounting arrangement enables the sensing components 53 to be disposed directly beneath the socket at the front end 47a of the seatbelt latch, so that when the seatbelt plate 57 comes into fastening engagement with the seatbelt latch 47 the reed switch 53a is actuated, enabling the sensor or sensing means to signify to the CMU circuit that the seatbelt is in a fastened status, as shown in FIG. 16B of the drawings. When the seatbelt plate 57 is disposed remotely of the seatbelt latch 47 as shown in FIG. 16A of the drawings, the reed switch 53a is switched to an opposing state signifying that the seatbelt is in an unfastened state, as shown in FIG. 16A.

[0136] The DMU PCB 17 incorporates a DMU circuit 59 as shown in FIG. 17 of the drawings. The DMU circuit 59 includes a battery monitoring circuit 61 connected to the USB; a microcontroller circuit 63; and a user interface 64 including a battery-powered circuit 65; push button circuits 67a for the power button 19 and 67b for the acknowledge button 21; a speaker circuit 69 for the speaker 28; lighting circuits 71a for the yellow (amber) LED 23 and the blue LED 25, and 71b for the bi-coloured LED 27; and DMU transceiver 73 for communicating with the CMU 15.

[0137] A CMU circuit 75 is incorporated into the CMU PCB 45, and as shown in FIG. 18. The CMU circuit includes an enabling circuit 77 incorporating the sensing components 53; a CMU microcontroller circuit 79; a battery monitoring circuit 81; and CMU transceiver 83 to communicate with the DMU transceiver 73.

[0138] The software processors operating the monitoring and alert system in both the DMU 13 and the CMU 15 are described in FIGS. 19 to 31.

[0139] As shown in FIG. 19 and described in relation to FIG. 17, the DMU 13 which functions as the master control unit 85 of the monitoring and alarm system includes the battery monitoring circuit 61; the DMU microcontroller circuit 63; the DMU transceiver 73; and the user interface 64, that connects with the pushbuttons 19 and 21, speaker 28 and LEDs 23, 25 and 27.

[0140] The slave units 87 each in the form of a CMU 15 and described with reference to FIG. 18, include the enabling circuit 77 to be actuated by the reed switch 53a, the CMU microcontroller circuit 79, the battery monitoring circuit 81 and the CMU transceiver 83. Importantly, the master control unit 85 and slave units 87 are in constant communication via an RF transmission link 89 arising from the transmit and receive signals sent between the DMU transceiver 73 and CMU transceiver 83.

[0141] The main processes performed by the monitoring and control system are shown in FIG. 20, whereupon following start-up at 91 various slave initialisation processes are invoked, including an initialise CMU process 93, followed by an initialise transceiver process 95, followed by a run system state routine 97. The run system state routine invokes an update DMU power state process 99, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 27, followed by an update status LEDs & speaker state process 101, which is shown in more detail for each type of LED in FIGS. 29A, 29B and 29C. The system returns to the run systems state routine 97 and loops through the latter processes as indicated in the drawing.

[0142] The main processes performed by the DMU 13 are essentially broken down into: the initialising phase 103 shown in FIG. 21, which includes a series of master initialisation processes; the running phase 105 shown in FIG. 22; and the sleeping phase 107 shown in FIG. 23.

[0143] The series of master initialisation processes that are run during the initialising phase 103 include a Wake Up Transceiver process 135, a Detect Transmitting Cartridges Process 173, an Update Cartridge Status process 175 and an Update DMU System State process 117.

[0144] The running phase 105 includes a series of running processes that are run by the system according to the program flow indicated by, and shown in more detail in FIGS. 24 to 29. These include a Detect Transmitting Cartridges process 109, an Update Cartridge Status process 111, an Update Cartridge Power State process 113 and the Update DMU System State process 117 to complete the running phase.

[0145] The sleeping phase 107 includes a series of sleep processes that are run by the system when invoked, including a Reset System Variables process 177, a Sleep Transceiver process 179 and the Update DMU System State process 117 to complete the sleeping phase.

[0146] The Detect Transmitting Cartridges process 109 is shown in more detail in FIG. 24; the Update Cartridge Status process 111 is shown in more detail in FIG. 25; the Update Cartridge Power State process 113 is shown in more detail in FIG. 26; and the Update DMU System State process 117 is shown in more detail in FIG. 28.

[0147] The update status LEDs & speaker state processes including more particularly: [0148] an Update Status LEDs & Speaker StateAmber process 119 for the amber LED shown in FIG. 29A; [0149] an Update Status LEDs & Speaker StateBi-colour process 121 for the bi-colour LED shown in FIG. 29B; and [0150] an Update Status LEDs & Speaker StateBlue process 123 for the blue LED shown in FIG. 29C.

[0151] These flow charts are shown in low-level detail in the drawings and will not be described further.

[0152] The slave units 87 generally follow an operating process as shown in FIG. 30 after initialising. Moreover, after the master control unit 85 initialises it causes the DMU 13 to interact with the CMU 15 at step 125 and invokes the Initialise CMU process 93 as previously described with respect to FIG. 20. The Initialise CMU process 93 then initialises the CMU transceiver at 127 and runs a Cartridge Transmission Routine at step 129. The Run Cartridge Transmission Routine 129 loops as indicated, for the time that it is operating.

[0153] The Run Cartridge Transmission Routine 129 is shown in more detail in FIG. 31 and starts at 131, invoking the Update Cartridge Power Sate process 113, The Wake Up Transceiver process 135 and a Write Transmission Data To Buffer process 137. It then ascertains whether the broadcast channel is clear to transmit data at step 139 and if so, proceeds with invoking a Transmit Data process at 141. The routine proceeds with invoking a Put Transceiver to Sleep process 143 and ends at step 145.

[0154] Importantly, the Run Cartridge Transmission Routine 129 is designed to conserve power by operating mainly in a hibernating low power state, given that the duration of the routine typically takes 675 ms to loop and the transmit data process 141 when invoked to transmit at high power to the DMU 13 takes 1-2 ms to do so.

[0155] Similarly, the DMU is normally in a hibernating low-power state and only switches to high power when transmitting data to the CMU 15.

[0156] FIG. 32 of the drawings, shows how the bi-coloured LED 27 on the DMU 13 operates to signify different functions performed by the alert and monitoring system and the state of the rear seatbelts with respect to whether they are fastened (buckled up) or not. As indicated, two LED flashing and speaker beeping functions are performed during start-up mode, depending on whether no belts are buckled up (red flashing) or whether some seatbelts are buckled up (green flashing). The DMU 13 interacts with the driver or person arming the system by this means, and after receiving an input signal via the acknowledge button 21, the DMU invokes three different modes that are cycled through during the running mode, namely a green LED on (occulting) & no audio alert mode, a red LED on (flashing) & loud audio alert mode, and a red LED on (flashing) mode, which operate as indicated.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE A State Visual Audio Comments Power on BLUE LED occulting Initial alert: Speaker Driver has no option (battery Duty cycle: emits 2 short beeps in to acknowledge the >10%) ON 0.2 s 1 s to notify the driver audio alert. OFF 2 s that the unit is powered on. Power off BLUE LED off Speaker emits 2 short Driver has no option beeps in 1 s before the to acknowledge the unit powers down. audio alert. Power low BLUE LED flashing Speaker emits 1 short Driver has the option (2% < battery for 15 s beep every 1 s for 15 s. to acknowledge the 10%) ON 1 s audible alerts. Visual OFF 1 s alerts will continue until the unit is placed on charge. Power level BLUE LED flashing Speaker emits 2 short Driver has the option critical for 15 s beeps every 1 s for to acknowledge the (battery 2%) ON 0.5 s 15 s. audible alerts. Visual OFF 0.5 s alerts will continue until the unit is placed on charge. Unit charging BLUE LED on (solid) Speaker emits 3 short Driver has no option (Unit ON) beeps in 1 s when first to acknowledge the connected to charge. audio alert. Unit charging BLUE LED on (solid) (Unit OFF) Unit reaches BLUE LED flashing Speaker emits 1 long Driver has no option full charge ON 2 s beep for 1 s when the to acknowledge the (Unit ON) OFF 2 s unit is fully charged. audio alert. Unit reaches BLUE LED flashing full charge ON 2 s (Unit OFF) OFF 2 s

[0157] FIG. 33 signifies the operation of the amber LED 27 insofar as the battery status of the CMU 15 is concerned, in the manner indicated in the flow chart.

[0158] FIG. 34 signifies the operation of the blue LED in response to the different states of power supply and battery charge for the DMU in the manner indicated in the flow chart.

[0159] The operation of the power indicator LED 25 is outlined in more detail in Table A, the cartridge battery indicator LED 27 in Table B, and the bi-coloured LEDs in the initialisation phase in Table C and in the running phase with the belts unbuckled in Table D and belts buckled up in Table E.

[0160] Various examples of the operation of the bi-coloured LED 27 arising from different contingencies involving different numbers of rear seat passengers is shown in Tables F, G and H. Table F shows a manner of operation if the vehicle has no passengers in the back seat and the driver turns on the DMU.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE B State Visual Audio Comments Adequate power AMBER LED off None (>10%) Power low AMBER LED flashing Speaker emits 1 short Driver has the option (2% < power 10%) for 15 s beep followed by 1 to acknowledge ON 1 s longer beep every 2 s audible alerts. Visual OFF 1 s for 15 seconds. alerts will continue until the cartridge completely runs out of battery or is discarded and replaced. Power level critical AMBER LED flashing Speaker emits 1 short Driver has the option (2%) for 15 s beep followed by 1 to acknowledge ON 0.5 s longer beep every 1 s audible alerts. Visual OFF 0.5 s for 15 seconds. alerts will continue until the cartridge completely runs out of battery or is discarded and replaced.

[0161] In the case of the vehicle having one rear passenger and two back seat sensors and the single back seat passenger buckled up before the DMU is turned on; or if the vehicle has 2/3/4/5 rear seat passengers, all with sensors installed, and they are buckled up before the engine starts, Table G shows a manner of operation of the LED 27.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE C State Visual Audio Comments No belts buckled up RED LED flashing (3 Speaker emits a 60 Flashes and beeps are times per second) second audio alert. in sync. ON 0.16 s OFF 0.16 s n seat belts buckled Green LED flashing Speaker emits an alert Flashes and beeps are up (n times per 2 in 2 second in sync. Number of seconds) successions for 60 flashes/beeps per 2 seconds. seconds = number of belts buckled up

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE D State Visual Audio Comments m seat belts RED LED flashing Speaker emits an alert Flashes and beeps are unbuckled (m times per 2 in 2 second in sync. Number of seconds) successions with no flashes/beeps per 2 alert timeout. seconds = number of belts unbuckled All belts buckled up RED LED off None

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE E State Visual Audio Comments Belt buckled up GREEN LED None Flashing will continue occulting until belts are Duty cycle: unbuckled - belts ON 0.2 s unbuckled alerts will OFF 2 s be triggered. Belt unbuckled GREEN LED off (See belts unbuckled section)

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE F Number of belt Number of Engine DMU buckles belts Audio Visual Driver Status status with units buckled up Alert Alert Option ON ON n 0 Flashes and RED LED Wait until beeps are in flashes 3 alarm stops sync times per Press second for acknowledge 60 seconds button on DMU

[0162] If after the engine of the vehicle is going and the DMU has registered seat belt(s) that are buckled up in the rear of the vehicle and then a seat belt or seat belts are then unbuckled while the engine is going, the manner of operation of the LED 27 is shown in Table H.

[0163] An important aspect of the present embodiment is that each of the slave units 87 has a unique identifier that is incorporated into the transmission packet sent from the CMU transceiver 83 to the DMU transceiver 73. This enables the specific seatbelt buckle being monitored to be identified by the DMU, and distinguished from other seatbelt buckles. In this manner, the DMU has sufficient intelligence to distinguish between a fastened and unfastened state of the seatbelt relative to the initial arming of the system during start up, so that only the state of the belt that is being used by a passenger is being monitored.

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE G Number of belts Number of which belts Engine DMU were currently Audio Visual Driver Status status buckled up buckled up Alert Alert Option ON ON n n m m beeps RED LED Wait until in 2 second flashes in alarm stops successions sync with Press for 60 audio alert acknowledge seconds to to indicate button show m belts are on DMU belts are unbuckled unbuckled

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE H Number of belt Number of Engine DMU buckles belts Audio Visual Driver Status status with units buckled up Alert Alert Option OFF ON 2 1 Single GREEN Wait until audio alert LED is on alarm stops in 2 second (flashing) Press successions acknowledge for 60 button seconds to on DMU show one belt is buckled up. OFF ON 2/3/4/5 2/3/4/5 Alert in 2 GREEN Wait until second LEDs alarm stops successions (depending Press for 60 on number acknowledge seconds. of belts button Number of buckled) on DMU beeps per 2 are on seconds = (flashing) number of belts buckled up. (Different tone to the belt unbuckled tone)

[0164] Another aspect of the present embodiment is addressing a notorious problem with previous types of retro-fitted monitoring and alarm systems being their unreliability due to inferior design of the transmission system. The particular monitoring and alarm system of the present embodiment provides for the continuous monitoring of the power state of both the DMU 13 and all CMUs 15, so that if the power state of either falls below a prescribed threshold that may affect transmission signal strength by the respective transducers at the relevant time, an alarm status is triggered at the DMU 13 signifying the problem.

[0165] Also, the particular signal transmitted in the present embodiment is of the heartbeat pulse type, which provides a higher tolerance to noise or other electrical interference that may degrade the signal transmission.

[0166] Furthermore, as has been described, the operation of the CMU 15 involves looping to repeat signal transmission when activated, which is another way of overcoming transmission interference problems.

[0167] The second specific embodiment is substantially the same as the preceding embodiment except that it is directed towards an application where the status of various seatbelts in a vehicle is transmitted to a base station in order to allow remote monitoring. As shown in FIGS. 35A and 35B, a vehicle 151, which may comprise a prime mover or bus requiring monitoring of the driver and/or passengers with regard to the status of their seatbelt latching, includes a transmitter attached to each seatbelt latch of the vehicle. This transmitter communicates with a transponder (not shown) that continually transmits the seatbelts latching status of each of the occupied seat of the vehicle to a base station 153. The base station 153 includes a receiver and monitor 155 that displays an alert when an active seatbelt becomes unbuckled after arming.

[0168] With monitoring vehicles in built up areas where the cellular telephone network has coverage, WiFi communication can be used. However, in situations where the vehicle may travel into the country and outside cellular telephone coverage, use can be made of satellite communication systems. FIG. 39B shows the use of a satellite 157 to receive messages from the transponder of the vehicle 151 for relaying seatbelt status information back to the base station 153 when the vehicle is unable to access a cellular communication system. This provides particular utility of the system for monitoring long-haul and tourist bus applications.

[0169] The third specific embodiment entails a different application of the monitoring and alarm system 11 to a swimming pool enclosure.

[0170] As shown in FIGS. 36A and 36B, the same concept generally applies whereby a slave unit 161 is adapted for operation with the latching mechanism of a swimming pool gate 163 and communicates with a receiving unit 165 located within a dwelling 167 remote of the swimming pool enclosure.

[0171] Consequently, when the sensing components are actuated by the opening of the latch mechanism of the gate 163, an alert signal is sent to the receiving unit 165, signifying that the pool gate 163 has been unlatched and may be open. Alternatively when the latching mechanism is closed, the sensing component 164 disables generation of the alert signal and returns the transmitting unit to a hibernating mode, signifying to the receiving unit 165 that the latching mechanism is in a closed state and that the pool gate is locked.

[0172] With monitoring a pool gate 163 from a dwelling in relatively close proximity, as shown in FIG. 36A, a local WiFi network can be used. However, in an application where more remote communications are desirable to a mobile phone or someone travelling overseas for example, as shown in FIG. 36B the transceiver arrangement is designed to communicate with a cellular telephone network or via a satellite 167 to receive messages from the transmitter unit 161 of the pool gate 163 for relaying latching mechanism status information to a remote user 169 or receiver unit 165.

[0173] Obviously, the design and circuitry of the transmitter unit and receiving unit are different to that of the first embodiment, but those aspects of the process flow as outlined in FIGS. 19 to 31 will remain largely unchanged.

[0174] In the above description and illustrations, the DMU 13 has a male USB plug 29 as illustrated in FIG. 3. However, it will be understood that a female USB socket or similar socket can be provided which will allow a patch cord to connect having a male USB end to connect to it, so as to plug such a female socket into a power source to recharge the one or more batteries in the DMU13.

[0175] It should be appreciated that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein. Thus, the monitoring and alert system may find utility with other applications requiring only slight modification or configuration of the system described to adapt it for use in these applications, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.