Drill bit with an exchangeable cutting portion

Abstract

A drill bit which is rotatable about a drilling axis is disclosed. The drill bit has a drill shaft section having a first plug-connecting element and a cutting section having a second plug-connecting element. The first plug-connecting element and the second plug-connecting element form a plug connection. The cutting section includes a plurality of cutting subsections each having a ring subsection and at least one cutting segment, wherein each ring subsection together with the first plug-connecting element forms the plug connection and is connectable to the first plug-connecting element by a pin connection.

Claims

1. A drill bit which is rotatable about a drilling axis, comprising: a drill shaft section having a first plug-connecting element; and a cutting section having a second plug-connecting element; wherein the first plug-connecting element and the second plug-connecting element form a plug connection with an inner plug-connecting element and an outer plug-connecting element, wherein the inner plug-connecting element is closer to the drilling axis than the outer plug-connecting element and the outer plug-connecting element is farther away from the drilling axis than the inner plug-connecting element in a plane perpendicular to the drilling axis; wherein the cutting section includes a plurality of cutting subsections each having a ring subsection and at least one cutting segment, wherein each ring subsection together with the first plug-connecting element forms the plug connection and is connectable to the first plug-connecting element by a pin connection; wherein each pin connection has a receiving borehole and a pin element, wherein the pin element is insertable into the receiving borehole, wherein the pin element is a loose pin element, wherein the receiving borehole passes completely through one of the first and second plug-connecting elements and Passes at least partially through an other of the first and second plug-connecting elements; wherein the receiving borehole is at least as deep as the pin element.

2. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein a recess, which is filled with an anticorrosion agent, is provided in one or more of the ring subsections and/or in the first plug-connecting element.

3. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the receiving borehole does not pass completely through the other plug-connecting element.

4. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the receiving borehole passes completely through the other plug-connecting element.

5. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the pin connection is a releasable connection.

6. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the pin connection is a magnetic pin connection and wherein a pin element or one of the first and second plug-connecting elements is a permanent magnet.

7. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the pin element is clampable in the receiving borehole.

8. The drill bit according to claim 1, wherein an outside diameter of the drill shaft section is smaller than an outside diameter of the cutting segments, wherein an inside diameter of the drill shaft section is greater than an inside diameter of the cutting segments, wherein guide sections are disposed between the cutting segments and the drill shaft section, and wherein the guide sections are connected to the cutting segments such that the guide sections are at least partially flush with an outside and/or an inside of the drill bit.

9. The drill bit according to claim 8, wherein the guide sections are connected to the cutting segments such that the guide sections are at least partially flush with the outside and form a portion of the second plug-connecting element.

10. The drill bit according to claim 8, wherein the guide sections are connected to the cutting segments such that the guide sections are at least partially flush with the inside and form a portion of the first plug-connecting element.

11. A drill bit which is rotatable about a drilling axis, comprising: a drill shaft section having a first plug-connecting element; and a cutting section having a second plug-connecting element; wherein the first plug-connecting element and the second plug-connecting element form a plug connection; and wherein the cutting section includes a plurality of cutting subsections each having a ring subsection and at least one cutting segment, wherein each ring subsection together with the first plug-connecting element forms the plug connection and is connectable to the first plug-connecting element by a pin connection; wherein each pin connection has a receiving borehole and a pin element and wherein the pin element is insertable into the receiving borehole; wherein the receiving borehole passes completely through one of the first and second plug-connecting elements and passes at least partially through an other of the first and second plug-connecting elements; wherein the receiving borehole does not pass completely through the other plug-connecting element; wherein the other plug-connecting element has an opening which connects the receiving borehole to an inside or an outside of the drill bit and wherein the opening is smaller than the receiving borehole.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a drill bit according to the invention consisting of a drill shaft section and a replaceable cutting section with four cutting subsections, which are connected to the drill shaft section by way of combined plug-and-pin connections;

(2) FIG. 2 shows the drill shaft section of the drill bit illustrated in FIG. 1, where the drill shaft section is connected to two cutting subsections by way of combined plug-and-pin connections;

(3) FIGS. 3A-C show the drill shaft section and the first cutting subsection of the drill bit illustrated in FIG. 1 in a cross section perpendicular to the drilling axis along sectional plane A-A in FIG. 2 in a non-connected state (FIG. 3A), in a plugged-in state with a plug connection (FIG. 3B) and in a connected state with the combined plug-and-pin connection (FIG. 3C); and

(4) FIGS. 4A, B show the drill shaft section and the first cutting subsection of the drill bit illustrated in FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section parallel to the drilling axis of the drill bit along the sectional plane B-B in FIG. 2 in an unconnected state (FIG. 4A) and in a connected state (FIG. 4B).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(5) FIG. 1 shows a drill bit 10 according to the invention, consisting of a replaceable cutting section 11, a drill shaft section 12 and a receiving section 13 in a three-dimensional diagram. The cutting section 11 is connected to the drill shaft section 12 by means of a first connection 14, and the drill shaft section 12 is connected to the receiving section 13 by means of a second connection 15.

(6) The first connection 14 is a combined plug-and-pin connection designed to be releasable, and the second connection 15 is designed as a non-releasable connection in the form of a welded connection in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1. The term combined plug-and-pin connection refers to connections of two connecting elements which form at least one plug connection which is form-fitting in at least one direction. Then the connecting elements that have been plugged together are connected by means of a pin element. A connection is defined as releasable if the connection can be released without destruction such as a plug connection, a screw connection or a magnetic connection, for example. A connection is defined as non-releasable if the connection can be released only by destroying the connecting means such as a soldered connection, a welded connection, a riveted connection, or an adhesive connection, for example.

(7) The cutting section 11 comprises four cutting subsections 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4 which are connected to the drill shaft section 12 by means of combined plug-and-pin connections 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4. The four cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 each consist of a ring subsection 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4 and two cutting segments 19.1, 19.2, 19.3, 19.4 which are connected to the respective ring subsections 18.1-18.4. The cutting segments 19.1-19.4 are welded, soldered, or screwed to the ring subsections 18.1-18.4 or attached to the ring subsections 18.1-18.4 by some other suitable type of fastening.

(8) The receiving section 13 comprises a cover 21 and an insertion end 22 by means of which the drill bit 10 is fastened in the tool receptacle of a drilling machine. During a drilling operation, the drill bit 10 is rotated about a drilling axis 23 by the drilling machine and is moved in a drilling direction 24 parallel to the drilling axis 23 into the workpiece to be machined. The forward movement is accomplished manually by the operator in the case of a hand-guided drilling or, in the case of a stand-guided drilling machine, by means of a feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism may be designed as a hand wheel or as a motor drive.

(9) The cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 each have two cutting segments 19.1-19.4 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Alternatively, the cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 may have one cutting segment or more than two cutting segments. In the decision about how many cutting segments are connected to the ring subsection 18.1-18.4, various boundary conditions must be taken into account. These include in particular the maximum length of the cutting segments that can be produced, which depends on the manufacturing method used, and the removal of the cooling and drilling fluid. In the case of core drilling, a cooling and drilling fluid is necessary, to cool the cutting segments 19.1-19.4 as a cooling fluid and to carry away the drilling fines as a drilling fluid. Clean cooling and drilling fluid is supplied through an internal gap between the drill core and the drill shaft section 12 and spent cooling and drilling fluid mixed with drilling fines is removed through an outside gap between the drill shaft section 12 and the borehole. The removal of cooling and drilling fluid is supported through gaps provided between the individual cutting segments 19.1-19.4 of a ring subsection 18.1-18.4 and/or between the ring subsections 18.1-18.4.

(10) The drill bit 10 has a circular cross section in a plane perpendicular to the drilling axis 23. Alternatively, drill bits according to the invention may have other suitable cross sections, such as a polygonal cross section, for example. In the case of a polygonal cross section of the drill bit 10, it is advisable to mount a cutting subsection on each side of the polygon.

(11) FIG. 2 shows the drill shaft section 12 of the drill bit 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 with two cutting subsections which are connected to the drill shaft section 12 by means of combined plug-and-pin connections. The second and fourth cutting subsections 16.2, 16.4 are attached to the drill shaft section 12 by means of the combined plug-and-pin connections 17.2, 17.4, whereas the first and third cutting subsections 16.1, 16.3 are not connected to the drill shaft section 12.

(12) The drill shaft section 12 has a plug connection section 31 which is provided on the side of the drill shaft section 12 facing the cutting section 11. In the plug connection section 31, two grooves 32.1-32.4, each of which forms a plug connection with corresponding journals on the cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 are provided for each cutting subsection 16.1-16.4. The plug connection section 31 and the grooves 32.1-32.4 are referred to jointly as the first plug connection element 33 of the drill shaft section 12.

(13) FIGS. 3A-C show the plug connection section 31 with the groove 32.1 and the first cutting subsection 16.1 with a journal 34.1 in a cross section perpendicular to the drilling axis 23 along a sectional plane A-A in FIG. 2 in an unconnected state (FIG. 3A), in a plugged-in state with a plug connection 35.1 between the groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1 (FIG. 3B) and in a connected state with the combined plug-and-pin connection 17.1 (FIG. 3C).

(14) The combined plug-and-pin connection 17.1 of the first cutting subsection 16.1 illustrated in FIGS. 3A-C shows only one groove 32.1 and one journal 34.1. The discussion applies similarly for the second groove 32.1 and the second journal 34.1 of the combined plug-and-pin connection 17.1 of the first cutting subsection 16.1 and for the combined plug-and-pin connections 17.2-17.4 of the three additional cutting subsections 16.2-16.4. Each ring subsection 18.1-18.4 together with its journal 34.1-34.4 forms a plug subsection 36.1-36.4. The four plug subsections 36.1-36.4 are referred to jointly as the second plug connection element 37 of the cutting section 11 and the second plug connection element 37 together with the first plug connection element 33 of the drill shaft section 12 forms a plug connection 38 (see FIG. 2).

(15) The groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1 are designed in a trapezoidal shape perpendicular to the drilling axis 23. The trapezoidal groove 32.1 is designed with equal legs and has an inner base surface 41.1 and two inner leg surfaces 42.1, 43.1. The trapezoidal journal 34.1 is also designed with equal legs and has an outer base surface 44.1 and two outer leg surfaces 45.1, 46.1. The plug connection section 31 is designed to be monolithic with the drill shaft section 12, and the journal 34.1 is designed to be monolithic with the ring subsection 18.1. As an alternative to the monolithic design, the journal 34.1 and/or the plug connection section 31 may be designed as separate parts and then joined to the ring subsection 18.1 and/or to the drill shaft section 12.

(16) In the plugged-in state (FIG. 3B), the groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1 form the plug connection 35.1 which is designed as a form-fitting tongue-and-groove connection and secure the cutting subsection 16.1 against rotation about the drilling axis 23. The fit of the groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1 is designed so that there can be a transfer of torque from the drill shaft section 12 to the cutting section 11, and the journal 34.1 can be moved opposite the plugging direction to replace the cutting subsection 16.1.

(17) To prevent a translation of the cutting subsection 16.1 in the drilling direction 24, the groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1 are additionally joined to one another by means of a pin connection 47.1 (FIG. 3C). The pin connection 47.1 comprises a receiving bore 48.1 and a pin element 49.1, which is plugged into the receiving bore 48.1. The receiving bore 48.1 consists of a through-bore 51.1 which passes completely through the plug connection section 31, and a blind hole 52.1 which partially passes through the ring subsection 18.1 (FIGS. 3A, B). The receiving bore 48.1 is designed as a blind hole 52.1 in the ring subsection 18.1 to prevent the pin element 49.1 from falling out of the receiving bore 48.1. The diameter of the pin elements 49.1-49.4 and the respective receiving bores 48.1-48.4 are coordinated with one another. The receiving bores 48.1-48.4 are designed to be as deep as or deeper than the pin elements 49.1-49.4. This ensures that the pin elements 49.1-49.4 do not protrude with respect to the inside or outside. The blind hole 52.1 is connected to the outside 54 of the drill bit 10 by means of an opening 53.1. The pin element 49.1 is accessible from the outside 54 through the opening 53.1 and can be forced out of the receiving bore 48.1 with a suitable tool, for example, so that the pin connection 47.1 can be released easily.

(18) FIG. 4A, B show the plug connection section 31 with the groove 32.1 and the first cutting subsection 16.1 with the journal 34.1 in a longitudinal section parallel to the drilling axis 23 along a sectional plane B-B in FIG. 2 in an unconnected state (FIG. 4A) and in a connected state with the combined plug-and-pin connection 17.1 (FIG. 4B).

(19) The ring subsection 18.1 consists of four sections in the drilling direction 24, namely a first ring section 61.1 having a constant inside diameter, a second ring section 62.1 having an inside diameter that decreases in the direction of the cutting segments 19.1, a connecting section 63.1 and a transitional section 64.1. The cutting segments 19.1 are attached to the first ring section 61.1. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the first ring section 61.1 is connected to the cutting segments 19.1 and is flush with the outside 54 and the inside 65 of the drill bit 10. The second ring section 62.1 serves to support the removal of the drill core and is also referred to as the core removal section. A beveled transitional section 64.1 has the advantage that a drill bit 10, which has been clamped in the borehole, can be removed from the borehole more easily because of the lower resistance.

(20) The first ring section 61.1, the second ring section 62.1, and the connecting section 63.1 have a constant outside diameter, which corresponds to the outside diameter of the cutting segments 19.1 and form a guide for the cutting segments 19.1 in drilling with the drill bit 10. The sections 61.1-63.1 on the outside 54 are referred to jointly as the guide section 66.1. Alternatively, the guide section 66.1 may be formed only from the first ring section 61.1 or from the first and second ring sections 61.1, 62.1. The first ring section 61.1 may also be omitted and/or the height of the first ring section 61.1 may be infinitesimally small. In this case, the second ring section 62.1 has an inside diameter at the connection to the cutting segments 19.1 which corresponds to the inside diameter of the cutting segments 19.1, and the outside surface of the second ring section 62.1 forms the guide section 66.1.

(21) The guide section 66.1 becomes worn due to friction in the machining with the drill bit 10 from the substrate to be drilled. The arrangement of the guide section 66.1 on the replaceable cutting subsection 16.1 has the advantage that the guide section 66.1 is replaced regularly and ensures good guidance properties for the cutting segments 19.1. The height of the guide section 66.1 is selected so that on the one hand the cutting segments 19.1 are guided in drilling and, on the other hand, the cooling and drilling fluid can be transported in the borehole.

(22) Instead of a drill bit 10 with guide sections 66.1-66.4, a traditional ring section may also be provided in which the cutting segments 19.1-19.4 have the same protrusion on the inside and outside. The embodiment of the drill bit 10 shown here with the guide sections 66.1-66.4 has the advantage that more material is available for the design of the grooves 32.1-32.4 and journals 34.1-34.4, which simplifies the production of the grooves 32.1-32.4 and the journals 34.1-34.4 (plug connections 35.1-35.4).

(23) The first cutting subsection 16.1 is plugged with the journal 34.1 into the groove 32.1 of the drill shaft section 12. The groove 32.1 comprises an end face 67.1 and a contact face 68.1, in addition to the inner base surface 41.1 and the inner leg surfaces 42.1, 43.1. The journal 34.1 also comprises an end face 71.1 and a contact surface 72.1, in addition to the outer basic surface 44.1 and the outer leg surfaces 45.1, 46.1. The groove 32.1 is designed to be longer than the journal 34.1. The difference in length between the groove 32.1 and the journal 34.1, this ensures that the end face 67.1 of the groove 32.1 is in contact with the contact surface 72.1 of the journal 34.1 and that there is a gap between the end face 71.1 of the journal 34.1 and the contact surface 68.1 of the groove 32.1.

(24) To maintain the functionality of the plug connection 35.1, the first cutting subsection 16.1 has a recess 73.1, which is filled with an anticorrosion agent before the assembly of the drill bit 10. Alternatively or additionally, a recess which holds an anticorrosion agent may be provided in the plug connection section 31 of the drill shaft section 12.

(25) The first connection 14 between the cutting section 11 and the drill shaft section 12 must connect the cutting section 11 and the drill shaft section 12 to one another in all translatory and rotational directions. The replaceable cutting section 11 must be secured against translational movement in the drilling direction 24, opposite the drilling direction 24 and radially to the drilling direction 24, as well as being secured against rotation about the drilling axis 23. The plug connections 35.1-35.4 secure the cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 against translational movement opposite the drilling direction 24 and radially to the drilling direction 24. The pin connections 47.1-47.4 prevent rotation about the drilling axis 23 and translation in the drilling direction 24. For the pin connections 47.1-47.4, there is the additional requirement that the pin elements 49.1-49.4 are secured in the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4 during the drilling operation and cannot be loosened from the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4. If the pin elements 49.1-49.4 are loosened from the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4 during the drilling operation, the cutting subsections 16.1-16.4 are not secured against translation in the drilling direction 24 or rotation about the drilling axis 23.

(26) To reduce the risk that the pin elements 49.1-49.4 might become loosened and fall out of the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4, an additional securing mechanism is provided for the pin elements 49.1-49.4. This securing mechanism may be provided, for example, by adhesive bonding or soldering of the pin elements 49.1-49.4 in the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4 or the pin elements 49.1-49.4 may be designed as magnetic pin elements, as screws or as rivets. Alternatively, the pin elements 49.1-49.4 are secured by means of additional elements, such as an adhesive tape or a spring ring in the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4, where the adhesive tape and the spring ring function as retaining elements.

(27) In the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. 4A, B, the pin connections 47.1-47.4 of the drill bit 10 are designed to be magnetic. The pin elements 49.1-49.4 here are designed as permanent magnets, and the plug-connecting section 31 is designed to be ferromagnetic. Alternatively, the plug-connecting section 31 may be designed as a permanent magnet, and the pin elements 49.1-49.4 may be designed to be ferromagnetic. In the case of a magnetic pin connection, the bottom of the blind hole forms a magnetic mating surface to the pin element. The journals 34.1-34.4 may be made of a ferromagnetic material or some other material such as a plastic, for example.

(28) A cutting subsection 16.1-16.4, in which the cutting segments 19.1-19.4 are worn, can be replaced with a new cutting subsection 16.1-16.4 easily and quickly by the user. To remove the worn cutting subsection 16.1-16.4, the pin elements 49.1-49.4 are removed from the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4 through the openings 53.1-53.4, and the worn cutting subsection 16.1-16.4 is removed from the drill shaft section 12 in the direction opposite the plug-in direction. The new cutting subsection 16.1-16.4 is inserted with the journals 34.1-34.4 into the grooves 32.1-32.4 on the drill shaft section 12 until the end face 67.1-67.4 of the plug-connecting section 31 is in contact with the contact surface 72.1-72.4 of the new cutting subsection 16.1-16.4. Next, the pin elements 49.1-49.4 are inserted into the receiving boreholes 48.1-48.4 through the through-holes in the drill shaft section 12.