Plant for the production of wood pellets or other solid granulates from small pieces of organic/plant material

Abstract

A pellet cooling device featuring energy-efficient heat recovery in a plant for producing wood pellets or other solid granulates from small pieces of organic material, said plant comprising devices for feeding, processing, drying, compressing, cooling and discharging the material. At least some of said devices are arranged in containers that can be individually transported and can be modularly combined to form at least a substantial portion of the plant.

Claims

1. A plant for producing wood pellets or other solid granules from small pieces of material of organic and/or plant origin comprising devices for adding (1), preparing (2 to 4), drying (6), pressing (11), cooling (12) and discharging (16) the material that are at least partially arranged in individual transportable containers (700) that can be assembled like modules for least a major part of the plant, wherein at least the device for cooling (12), when designed as a shaft cooler (712), is completely arranged in a container (700).

2. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the plant comprises a thermal buffer storage tank (14) that is supplied with the heated cooling medium from the cooling medium outlet of the device for cooling (12), and from which cooled cooling medium is removed and supplied to the cooling medium inlet of the device for cooling (12), and from which heated heating medium is removed and supplied to the heating medium inlet of a heat consumer (9), and that is supplied cooled heating medium from a heating medium outlet of the heat consumer (9).

3. The plant according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the cited devices for adding (1), preparing (2 to 4), drying (6), pressing (11), cooling (12) and discharging (16) is arranged in a container with a vertically oriented longitudinal axis.

4. The plant according to claim 1, wherein at least one container has a container shell, and at least one structural element (411) of one of the cited devices (12) for adding (1), preparing (2 to 4), drying (6), pressing (11), cooling (12) and discharging (16) is at least partially an element of the container shell.

5. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the container (700) has the dimensions of a 20-foot or 40-foot container, or another standard container.

6. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the container (700) has a frame (414) with a plurality of frame parts (415), and openings (417) between frame parts (415) are not filled by walls (711), and/or openings (417) between frame parts (415) are filled by walls.

7. The plant according to claims 4, wherein the at least one structural element of a device (12) is an element of at least one wall and/or at least one frame part (415) of the frame (414) of the container (706).

8. The plant according to claim 7, wherein the at least one side wall (411) of a device (12) is an element of a wall of the container (700).

9. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the device for drying (6) is a belt dryer that is arranged in one or more containers with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis, and/or wherein the device for cooling (12) is arranged in a container (700) with a vertically oriented longitudinal axis.

10. The plant according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following devices is completely accommodated in a container(700): Device for adding (1), sieve (2,4), wet macerator (3), buffer and metering tank (5), device for drying (6), dry mill (8), conditioner (9), mixing screw (10), device for pressing (11), device for cooling (12), thermal buffer storage tank (14), device for storing (13) or device for adding material (16).

11. The plant according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the following devices is arranged in a container with a horizontally oriented longitudinal axis: Device for adding (1), device for preparing (2,3,4), device for drying (6), device for pressing (11), device for discharging (16), and/or wherein at least one of the following devices is located in a container (700) with a vertically oriented longitudinal axis: Device for intermediate storage (3), device for cooling (12) or device for storing (13).

12. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the shaft cooler (712) comprises a plurality of pipe meanders that are arranged parallel at a distance from each other and are offset in height by one-half the distance of their horizontal pipe sections (401) so that the material is alternately deflected horizontally in one direction and the other direction by the horizontal pipe sections (401) of the pipe meanders (403) while passing through the shafts (300) of the shaft cooler (712) formed by the pipe meanders.

13. The plant according to claim 12, wherein the horizontal pipe sections (401) of each pipe meander are connected to each other by vertical bars (404).

14. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the shaft cooler (712) Has a discharge floor (350) at the bottom with an adjustable opening cross-section to regulate the fill level of the material within the shafts (300), and/or the shaft cooler has a feeding device (200) at the top for evenly distributing material to the various shafts (300).

15. The plant according to claim 2, wherein the thermal buffer storage tank (14) is a stratified storage tank that has a drain at the bottom for cooled cooling medium, an outlet at the top for heated heating medium, an inlet at the top for heated cooling medium, and an inlet at the bottom for cooled heating medium.

16. The plant according to claim 15, wherein the thermal buffer storage tank (14) is a stratified storage tank with a heat exchanger (102) having an entrance connected to the cooling medium inlet for heated cooling medium of the cooler (12), and having a discharge connected to the entrance for cooled cooling medium, wherein the thermal buffer storage tank (14) has an outlet at the top for heated heating medium that is connected to the heating medium inlet of the heat consumer (9), and has an inlet at the bottom for cooled heating medium that is connected to the heating medium outlet of the heat consumer (9).

17. The plant according to claim 16, wherein the heat consumer is a device for conditioning (9) the small pieces of material or another heat consumer of the plant.

18. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the cooler (12) is connected to a device for exhausting vapors and residual steam, and heat recovery is integrated into the device for exhausting.

19. The plant according claim 1, comprising a plurality of devices for drying (6) that are each completely arranged in a container (700), and/or that has a plurality of devices for cooling (12) designed as shaft coolers (712) that are completely arranged in a container (700).

20. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the container (700) has specific interfaces for at least one of the following media and flows: High-voltage current, low-voltage current, control current, feedwater, compressed air, air exhaustion, coolant, heat medium, wet raw material, dry raw material, sawdust, pellets and fines.

21. The plant according to claim 1, wherein the containers are arranged horizontally in groups and/or vertically in groups.

22. The plant according to claim 1 that has at least one device for storing (3,7,13) that is designed has a quick-installation silo or quick-installation hall that is arranged separate from the containers (700).

23. The plant according to claim 6, wherein the at least one structural element of a device (12) is an element of at least one wall and/or at least on frame part (415) of the frame (414) of the container (706).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic representation of the plant;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a partial schematic of a first version of heat recovery;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a partial schematic of a second version of heat recovery;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a first vertical section of a shaft cooler;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a second vertical section of the shaft cooler;

(7) FIG. 6 shows a side view of the pipe meander of the shaft cooler;

(8) FIG. 7 shows a front view of the pipe meander of the shaft cooler;

(9) FIG. 8 shows a front view of another pipe meander of the shaft cooler;

(10) FIG. 9 shows an overview drawing of the shaft cooler (outside view);

(11) FIG. 10 shows an overview drawing of the shaft cooler (inside view);

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(12) FIG. 1 schematically portrays an exemplary embodiment of the invention. Different modules 800 to 808 of the plant are enclosed in dashed lines. Preferably, the modules consist of one or more containers containing components of the plant. This is the case in the example in modules 800, 801, 802, 804, 805 and 807, 808. In the example, modules 803 and 806 are silos.

(13) Raw materials such as sawdust are delivered in a truck and unloaded into the raw material receiving unit 1. The raw material may be stored sorted according to quality, or respectively features, on a site and supplied to the plant in appropriate mixtures, for example using a wheel loader.

(14) In the plant, the raw material is fractionated with the sieve 2, the large fraction is macerated in the wet macerator 3, the fine fraction is added to the buffer and metering tank 5. After being macerated in the wet macerator 3 and passing through the sieve 4, the fine fraction is also added to the buffer and metering tank 5.

(15) This is followed by drying in the dryer 6 and then intermediate storage in the storage silo 7. Next comes the metered conveyance to the dry mill 8 where the material is crushed to the optimum particle size. Then the material is prepared to be pressed in the conditioner 9. After passing through the mixing screw 10 into which binding agent may be supplied, the prepared raw material enters the press 11.

(16) Following the pressing process in the press 11, hot pellets are cooled in the cooler 12 and introduced into the storage silo 13 to be stored. The released heat from the cooling process is supplied in a metered manner to the conditioner 9 via the thermal buffer storage tank 14. After being stored, the pellets are packaged into small packages in the packaging installation 15 or are loaded directly as bulk material in the loading installation 16.

(17) The cooling of the pellets and use of released heat will be explained with reference to FIG. 2.

(18) Through heat exchanger surfaces in the cooler 12, the heat from pellets is transferred to the heat medium (water or thermal oil) and transported to the thermal buffer storage tank 14. In the thermal buffer storage tank 14, hot heat medium rises upward, and cold heat medium sinks downward. The thermal energy from the heat medium is transferred as needed to preheat and condition the prepared raw material in the conditioner. The thermal buffer storage tank 14 is preferably designed as a stratified tank and can optionally be equipped with an electrical heating rod or another outside heater to raise the temperature in starting sequences.

(19) An alternative heat recovery is explained with reference to FIG. 3.

(20) Through heat exchanger surfaces in the cooler 12, the heat from pellets is transferred to the heat medium A (water or thermal oil) and transported to the thermal buffer storage tank 14. In the process, the heat medium A is moved in a closed circuit through the cooler 12 and thermal buffer storage tank 14 and does not come directly into contact with the heat medium B from the closed circuit through the thermal buffer storage tank 14 and conditioner 9. The coverage of the required feed rate is ensured by a circulating pump 101.

(21) In the design version with water as the heat medium A, the regulation of the circulating pump 101 is implemented such that any steam formation in the pipe system is prevented by increasing the feed rate. Another design version provides operation with a slight overpressure to prevent the formation of steam. In this case, a pressure-resistant design of the heat exchanger and lines is provided.

(22) In the thermal buffer storage tank 14, the thermal energy is transferred by a tube heat exchanger 102 to the heat medium B (water) that is located in the tank of the thermal buffer storage tank. The thermal energy is transferred as needed to preheat and condition the prepared raw material by means of a plate heat exchanger 103 in the conditioner. The required delivery speed is ensured by a circulating pump 104.

(23) The thermal buffer storage tank 14 is preferably designed as a stratified tank and can optionally be equipped with an outside heater (such as an electrical heating rod) 105 to raise the temperature in starting sequences. The size of the thermal buffer storage tank 14 and system controls are configured so that the heat from the cooler 12 can be reliably drawn at a time.

(24) The design and functioning of the cooler 12 designed as a shaft cooler (see FIGS. 9 and 10) will be explained with reference to FIG. 4 to 10.

(25) Hot pellets (approximately 90-100 C.) 110 are introduced through the filling opening 100 in a cover wall 412 of a box-shaped cooler housing 410 and distributed with a drag chain conveyor 200 arranged below the cover wall over parallel, vertical shafts 300 within four side walls 411 of the cooler housing 410. A movable slotted floor 350 below the shafts 300 remains closed until the shafts 300 are full. Coolant 450 is guided through a heat exchanger body 400 and absorbs the thermal energy of pellets 110. The pellets 110 continuously and evenly slide downward into the shafts 300 wherein their speed is regulated by the gap size in the slotted floor 350. After passing through the slotted floor 350, the cooled pellets 110 are supplied by a discharge funnel 720 to a discharge screw 500 and are discharged therefrom. The discharge funnel 720 borders the bottom of the cooler housing 410. The openings 600 in the cover wall 410 serve to release vapors and residual steam from the hot pellets 110. Furthermore, an inspection flap 416 is in the cover wall 412.

(26) The design of the heat exchanger bodies 400 is depicted in FIG. 4 to 8.

(27) The heat exchanger bodies 400 are designed as connected serpentine pipe systems. The heat exchanger bodies 400 have parallel, horizontal pipe sections 401 that are connected at the ends by pipe elbows 402 with which they form pipe meanders 403. Furthermore, they have vertical bars 404 between adjacent horizontal pipe sections 401.

(28) Two groups 405, 406 of heat exchanger bodies 400 are installed, wherein the horizontal pipe sections 401 of the heat exchanger bodies 400 of different groups 405, 406 are offset from each other by one-half of the distance D between two adjacent, horizontal pipe sections 401 of a heat exchanger body 400. This causes a sideways movement of the pellets 110 in the shaft 300 and an enlargement of the contact surface. At the same time, there is a proportionate circulation of the pellets 110 in the shaft 300 which improves the evenness of the cooling.

(29) Each pipe meander 403 terminates at the bottom in a bottom manifold 440 and at the top in a top manifold 441. The bottom manifold 440 has a bottom opening 442 in a sidewall 411 of the cooler 12 which serves as a cooling medium inlet. The top manifold 441 has a top opening 443 in a top end in a sidewall 411 of the cooler 12 which serves as a cooling medium outlet. The coolant 450 enters through the bottom opening 442 into the cooler 12 and the leaves therefrom through the top opening 443.

(30) One or more components of the plant are completely accommodated in a horizontal or vertically oriented container. One or more containers form modules 800 to 808 of the plant (see FIG. 1).

(31) FIGS. 9 and 10 show a vertically oriented container 700 which contains a complete shaft cooler 712. The side walls 411 and cover wall 412 of the cooler housing 410 are simultaneously the outer walls of the container 700. The side walls 411 preferably extend to the bottom end of the container 700. The container 700 preferably has a bottom wall 413 at the bottom. Preferably, the container 700 has a frame 414, and the side walls 411, cover wall 412 and floor wall 413 are held in openings 417 on the side between frame parts 415 of the frame 414 to form an at least partially enclosed frame. Due to the integral design of the walls 411, 412 and frame parts 415 of the cooler housing 410 and container 700, bearing structural elements of the container 700 are simultaneously elements of the cooler 12 which saves materials and weight.

(32) According to FIGS. 4, 9 and 10, control cabinets 730, 740 are arranged in the spaces within the container 700 on both sides of a discharge funnel 720 that supplies the cooled pellets to the discharge screw 500. Interfaces 750 for energy and data are located on the control cabinets 730 and 740. At that location, the walls of the container 700 preferably have inspection flaps or inspection openings 731, 741.

REFERENCE NUMBER LIST

(33) 1 Raw material receiving unit 2 Sieve 3 Wet macerator 4 Sieve 5 Buffer and metering tank 6 Dryer 7 Storage silo 8 Dry mill 9 Conditioner 10 Mixing screw 11 Press 12 Cooler 13 Storage silo 14 Thermal buffer storage tank 15 Packaging system 16 Loading installation 100 Filling opening 101 Circulating pump 102 Pipe heat exchanger 103 Plate heat exchanger 104 Circulating pump 105 Outside heater 110 Pellets 200 Drag chain conveyor 300 Shaft 350 Slotted floor 400 Heat exchanger body 401 Horizontal pipe section 402 Pipe elbow 403 Pipe meander 404 Vertical bar 405 Group 406 Group 410 Cooler housing 411 Side wall 412 Cover wall 413 Floor wall 414 Frame 415 Frame part 416 Inspection flap 417 Opening 440 Bottom manifold 441 Top manifold 442 Bottom opening 443 Top opening 450 Coolant 500 Discharge screw 600 Opening 700 Container 712 Shaft cooler 720 Discharge funnel 730 Control cabinet 731 Inspection opening 740 Control cabinet 741 Inspection opening 750 Interface for energy and data 800-808 Module