Optical imaging lens group, vehicle camera and driving assistance system

Abstract

An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side sequentially includes: a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter.

Claims

1. An optical imaging lens group, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising: a meniscus-shaped first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented doublet lens; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses; wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10.sup.−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0, and
−10×10.sup.−6/° C.<(dn/dt)6<−2×10.sup.−6/° C., wherein φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, φ6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens.

2. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03, wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth tens.

3. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<IH/θ<1.6, wherein θ represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and IH represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is θ.

4. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno≤1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group.

5. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expression:
0<r3/r4<1, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens.

6. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 5, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens.

7. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the second lens further satisfies the following expression:
1<f2/r4<5, wherein f2 represents a focal length of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the second lens.

8. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the sixth lens satisfies the following expression:
−1.5<f6/r11<0, wherein f6 represents a focal length of the sixth lens, and r11 represents a radius of curvature of the image side surface of the sixth lens.

9. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4−Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens.

10. The optical imaging lens group according to claim 1, wherein the first lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, and the fifth lens are glass spherical lenses, the second lens and the sixth lens are glass aspherical lenses.

11. A vehicle camera, comprising an image sensor and an optical imaging lens group, the image sensor being configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals; from an object side to an imaging surface, the optical imaging lens group sequentially comprising: a first lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a second lens having a negative refractive: power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a cemented doublet lens having a convex surface on the object side and a concave surface on the image side; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the cemented doublet lens, and the sixth lens are glass lenses; wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
1.2<IH/θ<1.6, wherein θ represents a half field angle of the optical imaging lens group, and IH represents an image height of the optical imaging lens group when the half field angle is θ.

12. The vehicle camera according to claim 11, wherein the cemented doublet lens comprising a fourth lens and a fifth lens, the fourth lens has a positive refractive power and two convex suffices respectively at the object side and the image side; the fifth lens has a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, the fourth lens and the fifth lens forms the cemented doublet lens: the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
0.1<φ4+φ6<0.2,
−10×10.sup.−6/° C.<(dn/dt)4<0, and
−10×10.sup.−6/° C.<6<(dn/dt)6<−2×10.sup.−6/° C., where φ4 represents the refractive power of the fourth lens, φ6 represents the refractive power of the sixth lens, (dn/dt)4 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the fourth lens, and (dn/dt)6 is a temperature coefficient of refractive index of the sixth lens.

13. The vehicle camera according to claim 12, wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03, wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth lens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens.

14. The vehicle camera according to claim 12, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens satisfy the following expression:
20<Vd4-Vd5<40, wherein Vd4 represents an Abbe number of the fourth lens, and Vd5 represents an Abbe number of the fifth lens.

15. The vehicle camera according to claim 11, wherein the optical imaging lens group satisfies the following expression:
Fno≤1.8, wherein Fno represents an F number of the optical imaging lens group, and a reciprocal of the F number is a relative aperture of the optical imaging lens group.

16. The vehicle camera according to claim 11, wherein the second lens satisfies the following expressions:
0<r3/r4<1,
1<f2/r4<5, wherein r3 represents a radius of curvature of an object side surface of the second lens, and r4 represents a radius of curvature of an image side surface of the second lens, f2 represents a focal length of the second lens.

17. A driving assistance system for assisting a driver in driving a vehicle, comprising: an optical imaging lens group, mounted in the vehicle, from an object side to an image side, sequentially comprising: a meniscus-shaped first tens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side; a meniscus-shaped second lens having a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fourth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; a fifth lens having a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, and the fourth lens and the fifth lens forming a cemented. doublet lens; a sixth lens having a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side; and a filter; wherein the fourth lens and the sixth lens satisfy the following expressions:
Vd4+Vd6>120,
ΔPg, F4+ΔPg, F6>0.03, wherein Vd4 and Vd6 respectively represent an Abbe number of the fourth lens and the sixth lens, ΔPg, F4 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the fourth tens, and ΔPg, F6 represents a deviation of a relative partial dispersion from the Abbe empirical formula of the sixth lens; and an image sensor, corresponding to the optical imaging lens group, configured to convert optical images formed by the optical imaging lens group into electrical signals.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily understood by the description of the embodiments with the following figures, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an optical imaging lens group according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

(3) FIG. 1a is a field curve diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the first embodiment of present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 1b is a distortion diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 1c is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;

(6) FIG. 2a is a field curve diagram of an optical imaging lens group according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

(7) FIG. 2b is a distortion diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;

(8) FIG. 2c is a vertical chromatic aberration diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure;

(9) FIG. 3a is a field curve diagram of an optical imaging lens group according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure;

(10) FIG. 3b is a distortion diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;

(11) FIG. 3c is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure;

(12) FIG. 4a is a field curve diagram of an optical imaging lens group according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

(13) FIG. 4b is a distortion diagram of an optical imaging lens group according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

(14) FIG. 4c is a vertical axis chromatic aberration diagram of the optical imaging lens group according to the fourth embodiment of the present disclosure;

(15) FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a vehicle camera according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

(16) Reference numerals of main components:

(17) TABLE-US-00001 First lens L1 Second lens L2 Third lens L3 Fourth lens L4 Fifth lens L5 Sixth lens L6 Filter G1 Aperture stop S5

(18) The disclosure will be further illustrated by the following detailed description in combination accompanying drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(19) The specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the disclosure are presented in the drawings. However, the disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and comprehensive.

Embodiment 1

(20) Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiment provides an optical imaging lens group 100, which sequentially includes the follows from an object side to an image side: a first lens L1, a second lens L2, an aperture stop S5, a third lens L3, a fourth lens L4, a fifth lens L5, a sixth lens L6, and a filter G1.

(21) The first lens L 1 may be meniscus-shaped lens. The first lens L1 has a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the object side.

(22) The second lens L2 may he a meniscus-shaped lens. The second lens L2 has a negative refractive power and a convex surface facing the image side.

(23) The third lens L3 has a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side.

(24) The fourth lens L4 has a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side.

(25) The fifth lens L5 has a negative refractive power and two concave surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side, wherein the fourth lens and the fifth lens constitute a cemented doublet lens.

(26) The sixth lens L6 has a positive refractive power and two convex surfaces respectively at the object side and the image side.

(27) The first lens L1, the third lens L3, the fourth lens L4, the fifth lens L5 are glass spherical lenses, and the second lens L2 and the sixth lens L6 are glass aspherical lenses,

(28) The surface shapes of the second lens L2 and the sixth lens L6 satisfy the following expression:

(29) $z=\frac{{\mathrm{ch}}^2}{1+\sqrt{1-\left(1+K\right)c^2{h}^2}}+{\mathrm{Bh}}^4+{\mathrm{Ch}}^6+{\mathrm{Dh}}^8+{\mathrm{Eh}}^{10}+{\mathrm{Fh}}^{12}$
where z represents a vector height between a position on the aspheric surface and a vertex of the aspheric surface along an optical axis of the aspheric lens, c represents a curvature of the vertex of the aspheric surface, and K is a quadratic surface coefficient, h is a distance between the optical axis and the position on the aspheric surface, B is a fourth order surface coefficient, C is a sixth order surface coefficient, D is an eighth order surface coefficient, E is a tenth order surface coefficient, F is a twelfth order surface coefficient. Parameters are shown in table 1-2.

(30) The relevant parameters of each lens of the optical imaging lens group 100 are shown in table 1-1.

(31) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1-1 Surface Curvature Refractive Abbe number Surface type radius-r Thickness-d index-Nd number-Vd Object Object Spherical Infinity Infinity surface surface surface S1 First lens Spherical 11.99597 1.106462 1.54 59.73 surface S2 Spherical 4.604509 3.895733 surface S3 Second Aspherical −4.385315 2.110457 1.9967 20.64 lens surface S4 Aspherical −7.223993 −0.19916 surface S5 Aperture Spherical Infinity 0.306902 stop surface S6 Third lens Spherical 13.736267 3.037832 1.7234 38.022 surface S7 Spherical −13.736267 1.008461 surface S8 Fourth lens Spherical 11.196742 4.799357 1.5928 68.525 surface S9 Fifth lens Spherical −5.738214 0.693452 1.6477 33.842 surface S10 Spherical 7.40105 0.334343 surface S11 Sixth lens Aspherical 8.188297 3.255981 1.4837 85.076 surface S12 Aspherical −13.134724 1.190792 surface S13 Filter Spherical Infinity 0.4 1.517 64.2 surface S14 Spherical Infinity 5.835619 surface S15 Image Spherical Infinity — surface surface

(32) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1-2 Surface number K B C D E F S3 −0.193670  1.424841E−03  2.596077E−05  9.389866E−07  5.463016E−08 −2.626373E−09 S4 −10.245721 −2.628270E−03  2.345871E−04 −1.578100E−05  7.172757E−07 −1.445966E−08 S11 1.364299 −3.279245E−06 −1.732613E−05  5.362450E−07 −5.782396E−08 0 S12 −24.50755 −3.425354E−04  6.449757E−05  −1.38585E−06 −1.324119E−08 0

(33) In the present embodiment, the field curvature, the distortion curve and the vertical axis color difference are respectively shown in FIGS. 1a, 1b, and 1c. It can be seen that the field curvature is in the range of (−0.05, +0.05), the distortion is less than 3.0%, and the vertical axis chromatic aberration is in the range of (−2.0, +3.5), which indicates that the field curvature, the distortion, and the chromatic aberration is well corrected in this embodiment.

Embodiment 2

(34) The lens structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the lens of the embodiment 1. The difference is that the parameters of each lens of the optical imaging lens group of this embodiment are as shown in Table 2-1, and the parameters of the aspheric surfaces of the lenses in this embodiment are shown in Table 2-2.

(35) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 2-1 Surface Curvature Refractive Abbe number Surface type Radius-r Thickness-d index-Nd number-Vd Object Object Spherical Infinity Infinity surface surface surface S1 First lens Spherical 10.46801 1.341016 1.5168 64.212 surface S2 Spherical 4.276591 3.768524 surface S3 Second lens Aspherical −4.972919 2.560279 1.8211 24.058 surface S4 Aspherical −9.423553 −0.187777 surface S5 Stop Spherical Infinity 0.307427 surface S6 Third lens Spherical 15.978634 3.706863 1.7234 38.022 surface S7 Spherical −15.978634 0.115198 surface S8 Fourth lens Spherical 9.482414 5.536736 1.5928 68.525 surface S9 Fifth lens Spherical −6.631875 0.662083 1.6477 33.842 surface S10 Spherical 7.003358 0.257208 surface S11 Sixth lens Aspherical 7.140908 3.208345 1.4971 81.56 surface S12 Aspherical −15.264861 1.00 surface S13 Filter Spherical Infinity 0.4 1.517 64.2 surface S14 Spherical Infinity 6.239606 surface S15 Image Spherical Infinity — surface surface

(36) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 2-2 Surface number K B C D E F S3 0.407277 1.846101E−03 −4.298920E−06  9.142653E−06 −9.081968E−07  4.265463E−08 S4 −0.939231 3.866281E−04 −1.440412E−05  1.498075E−06 −1.154631E−07  2.9192131−09 S11 −0.170016 5.089496E−05 −7.876949E−06  1.160557E−07 −1.194207E−09 −8.382391E−10 S12 −18.776769 2.272461E−04  2.341150E−05 −5.160244E−07  2.075940E−008 −1.495154E−09

(37) In the present embodiment, the field curvature, the distortion curve and the vertical axis color difference are respectively shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c. It can be seen that the field curvature range is in the range of (−0.05, +0.05), the distortion is less than 3.0%, and the vertical axis chromatic aberration is in the range of (−2.0, +3.5), which indicates that the field curvature, the distortion, and the chromatic aberration is well corrected in this embodiment.

Embodiment 3

(38) The lens structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the lens of the embodiment 1. The difference is that the parameters of each lens of the optical imaging lens group of this embodiment are as shown in Table 3-1, and the parameters of the aspheric surfaces of the lenses in this embodiment are shown in Table 3-2.

(39) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 3-1 Surface Curvature Refractive Abbe number Surface type Radius-r Thickness-d index-Nd number-Vd Object Object Spherical Infinity Infinity surface surface surface S1 First lens Spherical 9.960758 1.341016 1.5168 64.212 surface S2 Spherical 4.467122 3.867443 surface S3 Second lens Aspherical −4.565774 2.507897 1.8211 24.058 surface S4 Aspherical −8.878288 −0.584908 surface S5 Stop Spherical Infinity 0.691752 surface S6 Third lens Spherical 14.687382 4.233154 1.7234 38.022 surface S7 Spherical −14.620209 0.115198 surface S8 Fourth lens Spherical 9.911898 5.181239 1.5928 68.525 surface S9 Fifth lens Spherical −6.760080 0.662083 1.6477 33.842 surface S10 Spherical 6.743634 0.156623 surface S11 Sixth lens Aspherical 7.140851 3.255497 1.4971 81.56 surface S12 Aspherical −15.938891 1.00 surface S13 Filter Spherical Infinity 0.4 1.517 64.2 surface S14 Spherical Infinity 6.239606 surface S15 Image Spherical Infinity — surface surface

(40) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 3-2 Surface number K B C D E F S3 0.045856 2.130485E−03  1.925696E−06  5.139017E−06 −3.931432E−07  1.749275E−08 S4 −1.176114 6.028253E−04 −4.215066E−06  3.203874E−07 −2.568437E−08  6.910023E−10 S11 0.048436 2.195928E−04  7.228696E−06 −1.665714E−06  1.032010E−07 −3.294112E−09 S12 −22.460221 2.785464E−04  2.782719E−05 −3.873907E−07  3.015304E−08 −2.275483E−09

(41) In the present embodiment, the field curvature, the distortion curve and the vertical axis color difference are respectively shown in FIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c. It can be seen that the field curvature range is in the range of (−0.05, +0.05), the distortion is less than 3.0%, and the vertical axis chromatic aberration is in the range of (−2.0, +3.5), which indicates that the field curvature, the distortion, and the chromatic aberration is well corrected in this embodiment.

Embodiment 4

(42) The lens structure of the embodiment is substantially the same as that of the lens of the embodiment 1. The difference is that the parameters of each lens of the optical imaging lens group of this embodiment are as shown in Table 4-1, and the parameters of the aspheric surfaces of the lenses in this embodiment are shown in Table 4-2.

(43) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 4-1 Surface Curvature Refractive Abbe number Surface type Radius-r Thickness-d index-Nd number-Vd Object Object Spherical Infinity Infinity surface surface surface S1 First lens Spherical 10.686375 1.041355 1.5168 64.212 surface S2 Spherical 4.333742 3.537449 surface S3 Second lens Aspherical −3.777338 1.434924 2.1391 17.741 surface S4 Aspherical −5.574137 −0.595200 surface S5 Stop Spherical Infinity 0.711657 surface S6 Third lens Spherical 18.744133 3.051098 1.9007 37.054 surface S7 Spherical −13.063162 1.328833 surface S8 Fourth lens Spherical 16.607129 4.821895 1.5935 67.327 surface S9 Fifth lens Spherical −5.598163 0.724576 1.6477 33.842 surface S10 Spherical 8.785852 0.304300 surface S11 Sixth lens Aspherical 9.542746 3.666771 1.4971 81.56 surface S12 Aspherical −9.036726 1.00 surface S13 Filter Spherical Infinity 0.4 1.517 64.2 surface S14 Spherical Infinity 6.239606 surface S15 Image Spherical Infinity — surface surface

(44) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 4-2 surface number K B C D E F S3 −0.475368 1.569017E−03 9.404001E−06 9.059830E−06 −1.095955E−06 4.637304E−08 S4 −6.761526 −3.647028E−03 3.46465 IE−04 −2.546918E−05 1.302513E−06 −3.111681E−08 S11 1.465437 2.132392E−05 −7.370478E−06 8.821900E−08 −1.120576E−08 0 S12 −6.680252 −2.958869E−04 2.446869E−05 −2.486534E−08 −8.878349E−09 0

(45) In the present embodiment, the field curvature, the distortion curve and the vertical axis color difference are respectively shown in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c. It can be seen that the field curvature range is in the range of (−0.05, +0.05), the distortion is less than 3.0%, and the vertical axis chromatic aberration is in the range of (−2.0, +3.5), which indicates that the field curvature, the distortion, and the chromatic aberration is well corrected in this embodiment.

(46) Table 5 shows the above four embodiments and their corresponding optical characteristics. Table 5 includes the system focal length f, the F number Fno, and the total system length TTL, and the values corresponding to each of the preceding conditions.

(47) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 5 Condition EMBODIMENT 1 EMBODIMENT 2 EMBODIMENT 3 EMBODIMENT 4 F (mm) 8.059 8.064 8.089 8.045 Fno 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.8 TTL (mm) 28.68 28.327 29.797 27.93 IH/θ 0.1446 0.1445 0.1444 0.1445 1/f4 + 1/f6 0.136 0.132 0.149 0.125 (dn/dt)4 (10.sup.−6/° C.) −7.4 −2 −7.4 −2 (dn/dt)6 (10.sup.−6/° C.) −7.3 −7.3 −5.9 −7.3 Vd4 + Vd6 153.601 150.085 150.085 148.887 ΔPg, F4 + ΔPg, F6 0.053 0.0511 0.0511 0.0421 IH/θ 0.1446 0.1445 0.1444 0.1445 r3/r4 0.678 0.710 0.514 0.678 f2/r4 2.451 4.023 1.738 3.183 f6/r11 −0.834 −0.784 −0.652 −1.132

(48) As illustrated in FIG. 5, the present disclosure provides a vehicle camera 200 mounted in a vehicle 20. The vehicle camera 200 includes the optical imaging lens group 100 of any embodiment as described above and an image sensor 101. The image sensor 101 is corresponding to the optical imaging lens group 100 and configured to convert an optical image formed by the optical imaging lens group 100 into electric signals, so that a driving assistance system 22 of the vehicle 20 can control the direction or the speed of the vehicle 20 according to the electric signals to implement the functions of driverless driving. The driving assistance system 22 includes at least one vehicle camera 200 and at least one image sensor 101 corresponding to the vehicle camera 200.

(49) In the description of the present disclosure, “one embodiment”, “sonic embodiments”, “example”, “specific example”, or “some examples” and the like means a specific feature, structure, material or characteristics is included in at least one embodiment or example of the disclosure. In the present disclosure, the description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

(50) The above-mentioned embodiments merely illustrate several embodiments of the present disclosure, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, which cannot to be understood as a limit to the disclosed embodiment. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by person skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The scope of the disclosure should be determined by the appended claims.