High-voltage device having ceramic spacer elements, and use thereof

Abstract

A high-voltage device includes a housing and at least one subassembly which is electrically insulated from the housing. The at least one subassembly is spaced from the housing and mechanically connected to the housing. At least one ceramic spacer element is disposed between the housing and the at least one subassembly. A method of using the high-voltage device includes transferring heat, which is produced at connection elements of the at least one subassembly which is electrically insulated from the housing, from the subassembly through the at least one ceramic spacer element to the housing and emitting the heat from the housing to the environment.

Claims

1. A high-voltage device, comprising: an instrument transformer of the high-voltage device for at least one of voltages up to 1200 kV or a few thousands amps; a housing; at least one subassembly electrically insulated from said housing, said at least one subassembly being spaced apart from said housing and mechanically connected to said housing; and at least one ceramic spacer element disposed between said housing and said at least one subassembly; said at least one ceramic spacer element being a ceramic disk formed as a circular washer.

2. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one ceramic spacer element has a high electrical resistance and a high coefficient of thermal conductivity.

3. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, which further comprises a securing device securing said at least one subassembly to said housing.

4. The high-voltage device according to claim 3, wherein said securing device includes screws electrically insulated from said at least one subassembly.

5. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, which further comprises at least one element of the high-voltage device, and at least one electrical contact-connection element for making electrical contact between said at least one subassembly and said at least one element of the high-voltage device inside said housing.

6. The high-voltage device according to claim 5, wherein said at least one electrical contact-connection element is at least one screw.

7. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one subassembly being electrically insulated from said housing includes at least one connecting element for connecting at least one of electrical or conductor rails.

8. The high-voltage device according to claim 7, wherein said at least one connecting element is configured for electrical connection to at least one of electrical supply system lines, electrical loads or electricity generators.

9. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one subassembly electrically insulated from said housing includes at least one plate-shaped element.

10. The high-voltage device according to claim 9, wherein said at least one plate-shaped element is at least one of a parallelepipedal plate or an L-shaped element made up of plate-shaped elements.

11. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one subassembly being electrically insulated from said housing is made of copper or steel or includes at least one of copper or steel or metal alloys.

12. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said housing is cylindrical and is made of cast iron or includes cast iron.

13. The high-voltage device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one ceramic spacer element is at least one of made of an aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or aluminum nitride ceramic or includes an aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or aluminum nitride ceramic.

14. A method of using a high-voltage device, the method comprising the following steps: providing a high-voltage device being an instrument transformer for at least one of voltages up to 1200 kV or a few thousands amps, the high-voltage device including: a housing; at least one subassembly electrically insulated from the housing, the at least one subassembly being spaced apart from the housing, being mechanically connected to the housing and having connecting elements; and at least one ceramic spacer element disposed between the housing and the at least one subassembly, the at least one ceramic spacer element being a ceramic disk produced as a circular washer; transferring heat produced on the connecting elements of the at least one subassembly from the at least one subassembly to the housing through the at least one ceramic spacer element; and emitting the heat from the housing to the environment.

15. The method according to claim 14, which further comprises using the at least one subassembly for connecting at least one of electrical lines or conductor rails.

16. The method according to claim 14, which further comprises providing electrical contact between the at least one subassembly electrically insulated from the housing and elements in the housing through at least one electrical contact-connection element.

17. The method according to claim 16, which further comprises providing transformer parts as the elements in the housing.

18. The method according to claim 16, which further comprises providing at least one screw as the at least one electrical contact-connection element.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one electrical contact-connection element has a current-carrying capacity in a range of a thousands of amps.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SINGLE VIEW OF THE DRAWING

(1) For this:

(2) The FIGURE schematically shows an oblique view of a portion of a housing 2 of a high-voltage device 1 according to the invention, with a subassembly 3 that is electrically insulated from the housing 2 and spaced apart from the housing 2 via ceramic spacer elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(3) The single FIGURE depicts an oblique view of a portion of a housing 2 of a high-voltage device 1 according to the invention, with a subassembly 3 spaced apart from the housing 2. The subassembly 3 serves as connection or connecting element of the high-voltage device 1, to which e.g. electrical lines, conductor rails and/or devices, such as e.g. electrical loads and/or electricity generators, are connected. These can be e.g. screwed, soldered, welded and/or clamped to the subassembly 3. The subassembly 3 has the shape of a plate, in particular an angled plate. An angle of 90° is formed by two portions of the plates, each portion being in parallelepipedal form. The angled portion of the plate points away from the housing 2, in particular perpendicularly away from the adjacent housing surface, the other portion of the plate being arranged parallel to the adjacent housing surface.

(4) The subassembly 3 spaced apart from the housing 2 is e.g. made of steel, copper and/or coated with nickel. For reasons of cost, cheaper materials such as e.g. aluminum and/or cast iron can also be used. The housing 2 is made of a metal, e.g. steel, cast iron, copper and/or aluminum. The housing 2 and the subassembly 3 are each in electrically conductive and thermally conductive form. The small surface of the subassembly 3 means that the subassembly 3 emits little heat directly to the environment, e.g. the ambient air. The large surface of the housing 2 means that it is capable of emitting large amounts of thermal energy to the surroundings or environment, and can therefore serve as a cold surface.

(5) The high-voltage device 1 according to the invention is e.g. an instrument transformer, in particular a current transformer for measuring currents in high-voltage lines. An insulator, e.g. a ribbed, columnar ceramic and/or silicone insulator, which serves as support and is not depicted in the FIGURE for the sake of simplicity, has a housing 2 arranged on it. The housing 2 is e.g. spherical or pot-shaped, with a substantially circular or quadrangular bottom. Opposite sides each have a subassembly 3 arranged on them, spaced apart from the housing 2, e.g. with a connected overhead line. The high-voltage device 1 according to the invention is e.g. electrically connected between the high-voltage line in order to measure the current via the high-voltage line. Voltages of up to 1200 kV and currents of a few thousand amps may be present on the high-voltage device 1 according to the invention, or can flow via the high-voltage device 1 according to the invention, in this case.

(6) To measure high currents, in particular, there are e.g. coils arranged in the housing 2 around a conductor, which are able to be used to measure the current in the line, in particular inductively. The conductor in the housing 2, which is not depicted in the FIGURE for the sake of simplicity, is electrically connected to the subassembly 3 via electrical contact-connection elements 7. E.g. screws and/or bolts, e.g. made of copper and/or steel, and/or in particular weld joints, electrically insulated from the housing 2, can be routed through the housing 2 from inside to outside and can electrically connect the conductor to the subassembly 3. In the FIGURE, in exemplary fashion, six screws as electrical contact-connection elements 7 are arranged in the plate-shaped portion of the subassembly 3 that is arranged parallel to the housing 2, i.e. are screwed and/or routed through the plate, and electrically insulated from the housing, routed through the housing 2 from outside to inside and electrically connected to the conductor in the housing 2.

(7) The subassembly 3 electrically insulated from the housing 2 is connected to the housing 2 in mechanically robust fashion via securing means 5, i.e. e.g. is screwed to the housing 2. In the exemplary embodiment of the FIGURE, there is provision on the housing 2 for bushes 4 having e.g. internal threads in which the screws 5 are screwed to secure the subassembly 3. Four screws 5, two on the left-hand side of the subassembly 3 and two on the right-hand side of the subassembly 3, are used to mechanically secure the subassembly 3 to the housing 2. In order to prevent electrical contact between the screws 5 and the subassembly 3, i.e. to provide electrical insulation of the subassembly 3 from the housing 2, e.g. insulting means 8, in particular in the form of plastic washers, are arranged between the screw heads on the subassembly 3 and the subassembly 3.

(8) To provide electrical insulation, ceramic spacer elements 6 are arranged between the housing 2 and the subassembly 3. The spacer elements 6 can likewise be produced in the form of circular washers, or produced in the form of hollow cylindrical sleeves. In particular circular, continuous openings along the central axis of the spacer elements 6 allow the screws 5 to be passed through the spacer elements 6, i.e. the screws 5 are passed through the spacer elements 6 and the spacer elements 6 physically encompass a region of the screws 5. The thickness or height of the spacer elements 6 and of the bushes 4 together determine the distance of the subassembly 3 from the housing 2. On the side of the subassembly 3 facing the housing 2, the spacer elements 6 electrically insulate the subassembly 3 from the housing 2. On the side of the subassembly 3 away from the housing 2, the insulating means 8, in particular in the form of plastic washers, electrically insulate the subassembly 3 from the housing 2 and the screws 5 from the subassembly 3.

(9) To electrically insulate the screws 5 in the region of the passage through the subassembly 3 from the subassembly 3, the screws 5 can have an insulating coating, e.g. comprising Teflon, and/or the passage has a substantially larger diameter than the screw shank and the screws 5 are routed centrally through the passage, and/or the passage has an insulating coating, e.g. lacquer, and/or the ceramic spacer elements 6 have at least two diameters, one larger and one smaller diameter, than the passage, the spacer elements 6 protruding into or through the passage with the smaller diameter or in the tapered region. This allows good electrical insulation between the subassembly 3 and the housing 2 via the ceramic spacer elements 6.

(10) The contact surface, in particular the bearing surface, of the subassembly 3 on the spacer elements 6, and the contact surface, in particular the bearing surface, of the spacer elements 6 on the housing 2 or the bushes 4 of the housing 2, provide good thermal conduction. Heat produced on or in the subassembly 3 e.g. by large currents in the region of a few thousand amps and the contact resistances and/or the conduction resistance of the subassembly 3 is transferred to the housing 2 via the thermally conductive ceramic spacer elements 6. The large outer surface of the housing 2 effectively emits the heat to the environment. As a result, standard values for the maximum temperature of the connections 3 of the high-voltage device 1 are achievable for very large currents.

(11) The exemplary embodiments described above can be combined with one another and/or can be combined with the prior art. As such, there can be provision for precisely one ceramic spacer element 6, or there can be provision for multiple ceramic spacer elements 6. The ceramic spacer elements 6 are e.g. made of an aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, boron nitride or aluminum nitride ceramic. It is also possible for other ceramics to be used, in particular having a high specific electrical resistance and a high thermal conductivity. The insulating means 8 can consist of plastic washers or likewise electrically insulating ceramic and can act analogously to the ceramic spacer elements 6. There can be provision for bushes 4, or it is possible for securing means 5, in particular screws, to be introduced or screwed directly into the housing wall. The subassembly 3 can be angled, or e.g. in shallow plate-shaped form without angles, in particular with a rectangular, round or elliptical base. High-voltage devices 1 can be e.g. current transformers, voltage transformers, combined instrument transformers, instrument transformers for gas-insulated switchgear, optical transformers and/or high-voltage switches.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(12) 1 High-voltage device, in particular instrument transformer 2 Housing 3 Electrically insulated subassembly 4 Bush 5 Securing means, in particular screw 6 Ceramic spacer element, in particular ceramic disk 7 Electrical contact-connection element into the housing, in particular screw 8 Insulating means, in particular plastic washers