Open-flow solar collector

Abstract

The invention relates to a field of open-flow solar collectors, and specifically to flat solar collectors with wetting the underneath sides of their solar radiation absorbing plates with liquid heat transfer medium. More specifically, the invention proposes the flat solar collector, which operates with relatively low flow rate of the heat transfer medium on the underneath side of the solar radiation absorbing plate, with flow in form of some rivulets. The invention describes some technical solutions, which restrict meandering rivulets' flow. The proposed flat solar collector can be applied for heating water or other liquids and for evaporation and concentration of aqueous solutions.

Claims

1. A flat open-flow solar collector comprising following main units: a housing with an internal thermal insulation of its bottom and side walls; said thermal insulation is fabricated from an impervious material; a solar radiation absorbing plate, which is joined with said housing; a distributing pipe; the proximal section of said distributing pipe is placed outside said housing, and its middle and distal sections are installed on the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate; said distributing pipe is provided with openings, which supply water or another liquid medium onto the upper section of said backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate in the form of some rivulets; a solar radiation absorbing coating, which covers the front side of said solar radiation absorbing plate; rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means, which divide the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate into a set of longitudinal parallel zones; said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means entrap the rivulets when they meet said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means; said solar radiation absorbing plate is fabricated from ferromagnetic steel sheet; the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate is covered with a corrosion resisting coating on the base of polymer organic material and said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means are designed as a bank of parallel fridge magnet strips, which are fastened longitudinally on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate; an outlet connection, which is situated in lower section of said housing of said open-flow solar collector and serves for withdrawing the water or other liquid mediums from the internal space situated between said solar radiation absorbing plate and said internal thermal insulation.

2. The flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flat open-flow solar collector serves for evaporation and concentration of aqueous solutions; said flat open-flow solar collector is provided with inlet and outlet connections for air supply into the space between the solar radiation absorbing plate and thermal insulation and for removal of the air from said space.

3. The flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper aperture of the housing is provided with a glazing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 demonstrates a vertical cross-section of a flat solar open-flow collector.

(2) FIG. 2 is an underside view of the longitudinal section of a solar radiation absorbing plate with a bank of fridge magnets strips and a distributing pipe fastened on this solar radiation absorbing plate.

(3) FIG. 3 is an underside view of the longitudinal section of the solar radiation absorbing plate with a zigzag longitudinal arrangements of fridge magnet strips and the distributing pipe fastened on this solar radiation absorbing plate.

(4) FIG. 4a is a cutaway transverse view of the absorbing plate with a shallow depression; a fridge magnet strip fastened in this depression and a strip fabricated from ferromagnetic steel, which is fastened on the fridge magnet strip, wherein the ferromagnetic steel strip is provided with two beads.

(5) FIG. 4b is an underside view of the solar radiation absorbing plate with longitudinal depressions and the distributing pipe fastened on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate.

(6) FIG. 5a, FIG. 5b and FIG. 5c are a top view and transverse cross-sections A-A and B-B of a grate-wise bank of strips with beads.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(7) FIG. 1 demonstrates a vertical cross-section of a flat solar open-flow collector 100.

(8) It comprises:

(9) housing 101;

(10) thermal insulation layers 102; the internal surfaces of the layers of the thermal insulation 102 are covered with impervious layers;

(11) glazing 103 of the aperture of housing 101;

(12) a solar radiation absorbing plate 104 which is installed underneath glazing 103 and sealed with housing 101; the front side of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104 is provided with a solar radiation absorbing coating 105 and its backsidewith a corrosion resisting coating 106;

(13) a distributing pipe 108; the proximal section of this distributing pipe 108 is placed outside housing 101 and its middle and distal sections are situated underneath of the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104; the distributing pipe 108 is installed on the backside by pipe clips 112;

(14) rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means 107 dividing the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104 into a set of parallel zones; these rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means 107 entrap the rivulets when they meet the rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means 107 with following flow of the rivulets along the rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means 107;

(15) an outlet connection 110 which is situated at the bottom section of the internal space 111 of the solar collector 100 and serves for withdrawing the water or aqueous solutions;

(16) a venting opening 109 which provides fluid communication of the internal space 111 of the solar collector 100 with the surrounding atmosphere.

(17) FIG. 2 demonstrates an underside view of the longitudinal section of a solar radiation absorbing plate 203, which is installed in housing 201 with layers of a thermal insulation 202. A bank of fridge magnets strips 208 and a distributing pipe 204 are fastened on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 203. The distributing pipe 204 is provided with a distal plug 205 and openings 206; this distributing pipe 204 is fastened on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 203 by pipe clips 207.

(18) An outlet connection 209 serves for removal of heated water or another heat transfer liquid from the internal space of the flat solar collector.

(19) FIG. 3 demonstrates an underside view of the longitudinal section of a solar radiation absorbing plate 303 with a zigzag longitudinal arrangement of fridge magnet strips 308 and a distributing pipe 305 fastened on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 303. The solar radiation absorbing plate 303 is installed in housing 301 with layers of a thermal insulation 302. The distributing pipe 305 is provided with a distal plug 306 and openings 309; this distributing pipe 305 is fastened on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 303 by pipe clips 307.

(20) An outlet connection 304 serves for removal of heated water or another heat transfer liquid from the internal space of the solar collector.

(21) FIG. 4a is a cutaway transverse view of a solar radiation absorbing plate 401 fabricated from ferromagnetic steel; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with a radiation absorbing coating 403; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 404; in addition, there is a shallow depression 402; a fridge magnet strip 405 is placed in depression 402 and strip 406, which is fabricated from ferromagnetic steel, is fastened on the fridge magnet strip 405, wherein strip 405 is provided with two beads 408 and a corrosion resisting coating 407.

(22) FIG. 4b is an underside view of the longitudinal section the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 installed in housing 410 with thermal insulation layers 409. The solar radiation absorbing plate is provided with the longitudinal depressions 402 and a distributing pipe 411, which is fastened on its backside by pipe clips 414. The distributing pipe 411 is provided with a distal plug 412 and openings 413.

(23) FIG. 5a, FIG. 5b and FIG. 5c are a top view and transverse cross-sections A-A and B-B of a grate-wise bank 500 of strips provided with beads.

(24) It comprises: extreme strips 501 with beads 502; intervening strips 503 with their beads 504; webs 505.

(25) FIG. 6 is a cutaway transverse view of the upper section of a solar radiation absorbing plate 601 with a distributing pipe 604, which is installed on the upper section of the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 601.

(26) The drawing depicts: the solar radiation absorbing plate 601; the front side of this absorbing plate 601 is provided with a radiation absorbing coating 602; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 601 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 603; the distributing pipe 604 is provided with nozzles 605, which are terminated with flexible sleeves 606; pipe clips 607 are installed on the backside of the absorbing plate and serve for securing the distributing pipe 604.