FOAM FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENT

Abstract

The present invention provides a foam fire extinguishing agent that can fulfill predetermined performances without containing any fluorine-based compounds. The foam fire extinguishing agent of die present invention is characterized by containing 0.2 to 3.0% by mass of cationic surfactant, 0.2 to 5.0 by mass of anionic surfactant and water for a total of 100% by mass.

Claims

1. A foam fire extinguishing agent, comprising: 0.2 to 3.0% by mass of cationic surfactant, 0.2 to 5.0% by mass of anionic surfactant, and water for a total of 100% by mass.

2. The foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the cationic surfactant is at least one of dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl ethyldimethyl ammonium ethosulfate, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl methylpoly (1 or 2) oxyethylene ammonium propionate.

3. The foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant is at least one of pentyl sulfate, octyl sulfate, decyl sulfate and lauryl sulfate.

4. The foam fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, wherein a coefficient of diffusion is positive.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] FIG. 1 is a graph showing whether a foam fire extinguishing agent gassed or failed an aqueous film test.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0016] Hereafter, the foam fire extinguishing agent relating to a typical embodiment of the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawing, provided, however, that the present invention shall not be limited to these.

[0017] The foam fire extinguishing agent relating to the present embodiment contains 0.2 to 3.0% by mass of the cationic surfactant and 0.2 to 5.0% by mass of the anionic surfactant. With such formulation, even though no fluorine-based compound is contained, excellent results can be obtained in an aqueous film test, and other performances (such as oleophobic, heat resisting and foaming performances) are also compatible. As a factor to obtain the excellent results with the formulation above, it is considered possible that combined crude materials have a comparatively great hydrophobic group to form complex, and it causes reduction of surface tension.

[0018] Further, more preferably, it is preferable to contain 0.5 to 1.0% by mass of the cationic surfactant and 1.0 to 3.0% by mass of the anionic surfactant.

[0019] Out of these, it is preferable to select the cationic surfactant from any of dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, octyl ethyldimethyl ammonium ethosulfate, octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride and didecyl methylpoly (1 or 2) oxyethylene ammonium propionate.

[0020] Further, it is preferable to select the anionic surfactant from any of pentyl sulfate, octyl sulfate, decyl sulfate and lauryl sulfate. The most preferable combination contains didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride as the cationic surfactant and octyl sulfate as the anionic surfactant.

[0021] Now, if the range is less than 0.2% by mass of the cationic surfactant and less than 0.2% by mass of the anionic surfactant, this agent does not pass the aqueous film. test, and required performances cannot be obtained. Further, if the content of the cationic surfactant exceeds 3.0% by mass, a solution will be separated and will not be established as an extinguishing agent. For the anionic surfactant, any upper limit of the concentration that may cause failure of performances cannot be discovered, but if this is added by exceeding 5.0% by mass, cost effectiveness cannot be expected.

[0022] As mentioned above, even though the foam fire extinguishing agent of the present embodiment is blended without containing any fluorine-based compounds, it is conformable to the aqueous film test, which have been conventionally difficult, and, other performances are also excellent. Further, this agent excels in availability of its crude materials.

EXAMPLE

[0023] Adding 10% by mass of butyl carbitol, a cationic surfactant (didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and an anionic surfactant octyl sulfate by respective quantities Shown in Table 1, 26 types of foam fire extinguishing agent samples (aqueous foam solutions) were prepared, and an aqueous film test to be mentioned below Was conducted and coefficients of diffusion were measured.

[0024] Furthermore, the butyl carbitol is a solvent that is blended into an actual extinguishing agent, as well. Further, components, such as ethylene glycol, are added into the actual extinguishing agent in addition to an organic solvent, such as carbitol, the cationic. surfactant, the anionic surfactant and water.

[0025] [Test]

[0026] 1. Aqueous Film Test

[0027] Each foam extinguishing sample was diluted in a measuring flask with water to 100% by mass, and an aqueous film test was conducted by using these samples.

Procedures are as follows:

[0028] (1) Pour 600 ml of cyclohexane at 20±1° C. of solution temperature into a stainless container with 11.4 cm of internal diameter and 13 cm of internal height.

[0029] (2) Place 200 ml of generated foam evenly on a cyclohexane oil surface.

[0030] (3) Place a conical stainless wire gauze (plain-woven 80 mesh) so as to allow its tip to be immersed into cyclohexane, and leave it to stand for one minute.

[0031] (4) Bring a tip of flame of a propane torch using a nozzle of a low-pressure gas. welding machine closer to 13±3 mm above the cyclohexane oil surface for one second. Four seconds later, continue the operation to bring the torch closer to the oil surface for another second, and repeat this operation six times in total.

[0032] (5) In the case of causing ignition by the flame brought closer to the oil surface and spontaneously extinguishing within one minute, continue the operation in (4) above in four seconds after the extinguishment.

[0033] In the aqueous film test above, whether the test was passed or failed was determined, and, conditions of the solutions were observed.

For the criteria for determination, when a foam stock solution of aqueous films in an aqueous solution was foamed and a flame was brought closer to a generated aqueous film, if the aqueous film was not ignited and would not continuously burn, the sample was considered as passed (Symbol ◯ in Table 1).

[0034] Table 1 and FIG. 1 show results,

[0035] 2. Measurement Method for Coefficient of Diffusion

[0036] A coefficient of diffusion of each foam fire extinguishing agent was measured with the following procedures:

[0037] (1) Pour a measured quantity of each foam fire extinguishing agent into a 100 ml measuring cylinder using a measuring pipette, add water or synthetic seawater to produce 100 ml of aqueous foam solution. Stir the foamed solution well and leave it to stand for 30 minutes or longer.

[0038] (2) Measure surface tension of cyclohexane at 20° C. using a ring method or a plate method in accordance with ISO 304.

[0039] (3)Measure surface tension of the aqueous foamed solution at 20° C. as similar to (2) above.

[0040] (4) Measure interfacial tension of cyclohexane and the aqueous foamed solution using the ring method or the plate method.

[0041] (5) Calculate the coefficient of diffusion using the following expression:

[0042] Coefficient of diffusion=(surface tension of cyclohexane)−(surface tension of aqueous foamed solution)−(interfacial tension of cyclohexane and aqueous foamed solution)

[0043] The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Didecyl dimethyl ammonium Octyl Aqueous Coefficient No. chloride sulfate film test of diffusion Solution condition 1 0.10% 1% x −0.71 Nothing abnormal detected 2 0.20% 1% ∘ 0.45 Nothing abnormal detected 3 0.50% 1% ∘ 0.62 Nothing abnormal detected 4   1% 1% ∘ 1.34 Nothing abnormal detected 5   2% 1% ∘ 1.37 Nothing abnormal detected 6   3% 1% ∘ 1.38 Nothing abnormal detected 7 3.10% 1% ∘ 1.48 Nothing abnormal detected 8 3.20% 1% Separated 9 6.40% 2% ∘ 1.64 Nothing abnormal detected 10 6.50% 2% Separated 11   1% 0.10%   x −1.36 Nothing abnormal detected 12 1.10% 0.10%   x −0.88 Nothing abnormal detected 13 1.20% 0.10%   ∘ 0.35 Nothing abnormal detected 14 .sup. 20% 0.10%   ∘ 1.14 Nothing abnormal detected 15 0.20% 0.20%   x −0.27 Nothing abnormal detected 16 0.30% 0.20%   ∘ 0.10 Nothing abnormal detected 17 0.50% 0.20%   ∘ 0.18 Nothing abnormal detected 18 0.90% 0.20%   ∘ 0.14 Nothing abnormal detected 19  1.0% 0.20%   ∘ 0.15 Nothing abnormal detected 20 .sup. 20% 0.20%   ∘ 0.34 Nothing abnormal detected 21 0.10% 1% x −0.71 Nothing abnormal detected 22 0.10% 2% x −0.15 Nothing abnormal detected 23 0.10% 4% x −0.27 Nothing abnormal detected 24 0.10% 10%  x −0.26 Nothing abnormal detected 25 0.20% 1% ∘ 0.45 Nothing abnormal detected 26 0.20% 0.90%   x −0.08 Nothing abnormal detected

[0044] According to the results shown in Table 1 and FIG. 1, it has been confirmed that the foam fire extinguishing agents relating to the present invention excel in an aqueous film performance and can preferably demonstrate an extinguishing function in the case ©f containing 0.2 to 3.0% by mass of the cationic surfactant and 0.2 to 5.0% mass of the anionic surfactant. Further, it has been confirmed that it is preferable to have a positive coefficient of diffusion.