Fire and water resistant expansion joint system

Abstract

A fire resistant and water resistant expansion joint system comprises a core; and a fire retardant infused into the core. The core infused with the fire retardant is configured to define a profile to facilitate compression of the fire and water resistant expansion joint when installed between substantially coplanar substrates.

Claims

1. A fire and water resistant expansion joint system, comprising: a core; and a fire retardant infused into the core; wherein the core infused with the fire retardant is configured to facilitate compression of the fire and water resistant expansion joint system when installed between substrates, and wherein the fire retardant infused core has a density when compressed of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3, and the fire and water resistant expansion joint system and the fire retardant infused core are capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes, and the fire retardant infused core is configured to pass testing mandated by UL 2079.

2. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the fire retardant infused into the core is in a range of about 3.5:1 to about 4:1 by weight.

3. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein a layer comprising the fire retardant is sandwiched between material of the core.

4. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 3, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

5. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein an additional material is infused into the core and is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic, a wax, an ultraviolet stabilizer, a polymeric material, and combinations of the foregoing materials.

6. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire retardant infused into the core is selected from the group consisting of water-based aluminum tri-hydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphorus based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, and combinations of the foregoing materials.

7. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein a water resistant layer is disposed on a surface of the core.

8. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 7, wherein the water resistant layer is adhesively disposed on the surface of the core and is selected from the group consisting of silicone, polysulfides, acrylics, polyurethanes, poly-epoxides, silyl-terminated polyethers, and combinations of one or more of the foregoing.

9. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 7, further comprising a second layer disposed on the water resistant layer, wherein the second layer is selected from the group consisting of another water resistant layer, a fire barrier sealant layer, and combinations thereof.

10. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, comprising a fire barrier sealant layer.

11. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, comprising a layer comprising a caulk.

12. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core uncompressed has a density of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to about 250 kg/m.sup.3.

13. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein a first coating is located on a surface of the core, and a second coating is located on a surface of the core opposing the first coating, wherein the first coating is the substantially the same as or different than the second coating.

14. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the first coating and the second coating comprises a dual coating.

15. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of foam, a paper based product, metal, plastic, thermoplastic, and combinations thereof.

16. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core comprises at least one of polyurethane foam, polyether foam, open cell foam, dense closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, cardboard, and a composite.

17. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of a plurality of laminations, a solid block, and combinations thereof.

18. The fire and water expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the core comprises a plurality of laminations, at least one of the laminations is infused with the fire retardant.

19. The fire and water expansion joint system of claim 18, wherein the infused lamination is an inner lamination of the plurality of laminations.

20. The fire and water expansion joint system of claim 18, wherein the laminations are oriented, with respect to the direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

21. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

22. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

23. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1260 C. at about eight hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

24. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

25. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 1, wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

26. A fire and water resistant architectural joint system, comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate arranged at least substantially coplanar to the first substrate; and an expansion joint located in compression between the first substrate and the second substrate, the expansion joint comprising: a core having a fire retardant infused therein, wherein the expansion joint is compressed between the first substrate and the second substrate to accommodate movement there between, and wherein the fire retardant infused core has a density when compressed of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3, and the fire and water resistant architectural joint system and the fire retardant infused core are capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes, and the fire retardant infused core is configured to pass testing mandated by UL 2079.

27. The architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the ratio of the fire retardant infused into the core is in a range of about 3.5:1 to about 4:1 by weight.

28. The architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein a layer comprising the fire retardant is sandwiched between material of the core.

29. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 28, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

30. The architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein an additional material is infused into the core and is selected from the group consisting of an acrylic, a wax, an ultraviolet stabilizer, a polymeric material and combinations of the foregoing materials.

31. The architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the fire retardant infused into the core is selected from the group consisting of water-based aluminum tri-hydrate, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds, ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-containing compounds, and combinations of the foregoing materials.

32. The architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the core uncompressed has a density of about 50 kg/m.sup.3 to about 250 kg/m.sup.3.

33. The architectural joint system of claim 26, further comprising a fire barrier sealant layer.

34. The fire and water resistant architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the architectural joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

35. The fire and water resistant architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the architectural joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

36. The fire and water resistant architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the architectural joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

37. The fire and water resistant architectural joint system of claim 26, wherein the architectural joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

38. A fire and water resistant architectural expansion joint system, comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate arranged at least substantially coplanar to the first substrate; and an expansion joint located in compression between the first substrate and the second substrate, the expansion joint comprising: a core having a fire retardant infused therein by permeating the fire retardant into the core, and wherein a layer comprising the fire retardant material is sandwiched between the material of the core, and the core is not coated with any fire retardant material on any outer surface of the core, wherein the expansion joint is compressed between the first substrate and the second substrate to accommodate movement therebetween, and wherein the fire retardant infused core has a density when compressed of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3, and the fire and water resistant architectural expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes, and the fire retardant infused core is configured to pass testing mandated by UL 2079.

39. A method of installing a fire and water resistant expansion joint system utilizing the expansion joint system of claim 1, comprising: providing a first substrate of the substrates; providing a second substrate of the substrates arranged to be at least substantially coplanar with the first substrate and being spaced therefrom by a gap; inserting the expansion joint system into the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate; and allowing the compressed expansion joint system to decompress to fill the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein a layer comprising the fire retardant is sandwiched between material of the core.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the layer comprising the fire retardant is sandwiched between the material of the core and is oriented, with respect to the direction in which the joint extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

42. A fire resistant expansion joint system, comprising: a core; a fire retardant material permeated in the core; and wherein the fire resistant expansion joint system is configured to be installed in a gap between substrates and configured to facilitate compression during use to accommodate movement of the substrates as the fire resistant expansion joint system repeatedly cycles by expanding and contracting in the gap, and wherein the core with the permeated fire retardant material has a density when compressed of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3, and the core with the permeated fire retardant material is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes, and the core with the permeated fire retardant material is configured to pass testing mandated by UL 2079.

43. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the core with the fire retardant material has a density when compressed in a range of about 200 kg/m.sup.3 to about 700 kg/m.sup.3.

44. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the core with the fire retardant material uncompressed has a density of about 130 kg/m.sup.3 to about 150 kg/m.sup.3.

45. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the core with the fire retardant material compressed has a density in a range of about 400 kg/m.sup.3 to about 450 kg/m.sup.3.

46. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. for at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

47. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

48. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

49. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, wherein the system is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

50. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 42, further including a layer comprising the fire retardant material sandwiched between material of the core to pass the UL 2079 testing.

51. The fire resistant expansion joint system of claim 50, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the gap extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

52. A fire and water resistant expansion joint system, comprising: a core; a fire retardant material permeated in the core; and wherein the fire and water resistant expansion joint system is configured to be installed in a gap between substrates and configured to facilitate compression during use to accommodate movement of the substrates as the fire and water resistant expansion joint system repeatedly cycles by expanding and contracting in the gap, and is configured to maintain fire resistance upon exposure to a temperature of about 540 C. at about five minutes; and the core with the permeated fire retardant material has a density when compressed in a range of about 160 kg/m.sup.3 to about 800 kg/m.sup.3, and the core with the permeated fire retardant material is configured to pass testing mandated by UL 2079.

53. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, wherein the core with the fire retardant material compressed has a density in a range of about 400 kg/m.sup.3 to about 450 kg/m.sup.3.

54. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, further including a layer comprising the fire retardant material sandwiched between material of the core.

55. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 54, wherein the layer is oriented, with respect to a direction in which the gap extends in its width, in at least one of a parallel orientation, a perpendicular orientation, and a combination thereof.

56. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, wherein the expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 930 C. at about one hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

57. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, wherein the expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1010 C. at about two hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

58. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, wherein the expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1052 C. at about three hour to pass the UL 2079 testing.

59. The fire and water resistant expansion joint system of claim 52, wherein the expansion joint system is capable of withstanding exposure to a temperature of about 1093 C. at about four hours to pass the UL 2079 testing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view of another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a further embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention; and

(5) FIG. 5 is another embodiment of an expansion joint system of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(6) The expansion joint system described is best understood by referring to the attached drawings. The expansion joint system as described herein is shown as being installed between concrete substrates. The present invention is not limited in this regard, however, as the expansion joint system may be installed between substrates or surfaces other than concrete. Materials for such substrates or surfaces include, but are not limited to, glass, asphalt, stone (granite, marble, etc.), metal, and the like.

(7) Referring to FIG. 1, one embodiment of an expansion joint system is shown at 10 and is hereinafter referred to as system 10. In system 10, a core 12 comprising compressed laminations 13 of open celled polyurethane foam 12 (hereinafter referred to as foam 12 for ease of reference which is not meant to limit the core 12 to a foam material, but merely illustrate one exemplary material therefore) is infused with a fire retardant material 60 (as illustrated in Detail FIG. 1A) to form the defined expansion joint locatable between coplanar concrete substrates 50. As stated above, the present invention is not limited to the use of polyurethane foams, as other foams are within the scope of the present invention, and other non-foam materials also can be used for the core 12, as explained below. The individual laminations 13A extend substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the joint extends and are constructed by infusing at least one, e.g., an inner lamination with an amount of fire retardant material 60. However, the structures of the present invention are also not limited in this regard as, e.g., the foam 12 and/or core 12 may comprise a solid block of non-laminated foam or other material of fixed size depending upon the desired joint size, a laminate comprising laminations oriented parallel to the direction in which the joint extends, or combinations of the foregoing.

(8) Thus, foam 12 merely illustrates one suitable material for the core 12. Accordingly, examples of materials for the core 12 include, but are not limited to, foam, e.g., polyurethane foam and/or polyether foam, and can be of an open cell or dense, closed cell construction. Further examples of materials for the core 12 include paper based products, cardboard, metal, plastics, thermoplastics, dense closed cell foam including polyurethane and polyether open or closed cell foam, cross-linked foam, neoprene foam rubber, urethane, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), silicone, a core chemistry (e.g., foam chemistry) which inherently imparts hydrophobic and/or fire resistant characteristics to the core; and/or composites. Combinations of any of the foregoing materials or other suitable materials also can be employed. It is further noted that while foam 12 is primarily referred to herein as a material for the core 12, the descriptions for foam 12 also can apply to other materials for the core 12, as explained above.

(9) The core 12 can be infused with a suitable material including, but not limited to, an acrylic, such as a water-based acrylic chemistry, a wax, a fire retardant material, ultraviolet (UV) stabilizers, and/or polymeric materials, combinations thereof, and so forth. A particularly suitable embodiment is a core 12 comprising an open celled foam infused with a water-based acrylic chemistry and/or a fire retardant material.

(10) The amount of fire retardant material 60 infused into the core 12, including the open celled foam embodiment, is between 3.5:1 and 4:1 by weight in ratio with the un-infused foam/core itself, according to embodiments. The resultant uncompressed foam/core, whether comprising a solid block or laminates, has a density of about 130 kg/m.sup.3 to about 150 kg/m.sup.3 and preferably about 140 kg/m.sup.3. Other suitable densities for the resultant core 12 include between about 50 kg/m.sup.3 and about 250 kg/m.sup.3, e.g., between about 100 kg/m.sup.3 and about 180 kg/m.sup.3, and which are capable of providing desired water resistance and/or waterproofing characteristics to the structure.

(11) One type of fire retardant material 60 that may be used is water-based aluminum tri-hydrate (also known as aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH)). The present invention is not limited in this regard, however, as other fire retardant materials may be used. Such materials include, but are not limited to, metal oxides and other metal hydroxides, aluminum oxides, antimony oxides and hydroxides, iron compounds such as ferrocene, molybdenum trioxide, nitrogen-based compounds, phosphorus based compounds, halogen based compounds, halogens, e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine, combinations of any of the foregoing materials, and other compounds capable of suppressing combustion and smoke formation.

(12) Several laminations of the polyurethane foam or other suitable material, the number depending on the desired size of the expansion joint, are compiled and then compressed and held at such compression in a suitable fixture, according to embodiments. Similarly, a core 12 comprising laminations of non-foam material or comprising a solid block of desired material may be compiled and then compressed and held at such compression in a suitable fixture. The fixture is at a width slightly greater than that which the expansion joint is anticipated to experience at the largest possible movement of the adjacent concrete surfaces. At this width, the infused foam laminate or core 12 is coated with a coating, such as a waterproof elastomer 14 at one surface, according to embodiments. This waterproof elastomer may be a polysulfide, silicone, acrylic, polyurethane, poly-epoxide, silyl-terminated polyether, a formulation of one or more of the foregoing materials with or without other elastomeric components or similar suitable elastomeric coating or liquid sealant materials, or a mixture, blend, or other formulation of one or more of the foregoing. One preferred elastomer coating for application to a horizontal deck where vehicular traffic is expected is Pecora 301, which is a silicone pavement sealant available from Pecora Corporation of Harleysville, Pa. Another preferred elastomeric coating is Dow Corning 888, which is a silicone joint sealant available from Dow Corning Corporation of Midland, Mich. Both of the foregoing elastomers are traffic grade rated sealants. For vertically-oriented expansion joints, exemplary preferred elastomer coatings include Pecora 890, Dow Corning 790, and Dow Corning 795.

(13) Depending on the nature of the adhesive characteristics of the elastomer 14, a primer may be applied to the outer surfaces of the laminations of foam 12 and/or core 12 prior to the coating with the elastomer 14. Applying such a primer may facilitate the adhesion of the elastomer 14 to the foam 12 and/or core 12.

(14) The elastomer 14 is tooled or otherwise configured to create a bellows, bullet, or other suitable profile such that the elastomeric material can be compressed in a uniform and aesthetic fashion while being maintained in a virtually tensionless environment.

(15) The surface of the infused foam laminate and/or core 12 opposite the surface coated with the waterproofing elastomer 14 is coated with an intumescent material 16, according to embodiments. One type of intumescent material 16 may be a caulk having fire barrier properties. A caulk is generally a silicone, polyurethane, polysulfide, sylil-terminated-polyether, or polyurethane and acrylic sealing agent in latex or elastomeric base. Fire barrier properties are generally imparted to a caulk via the incorporation of one or more fire retardant agents. One preferred intumescent material 16 is 3M CP25WB+, which is a fire barrier caulk available from 3M of St. Paul, Minn. Like the elastomer 14, the intumescent material 16 is tooled or otherwise configured to create a bellows profile to facilitate the compression of the foam lamination and/or core 12.

(16) After tooling or otherwise configuring to have the bellows-type of profile, both the coating of the elastomer 14 and the intumescent material 16 are cured in place on the foam 12 and/or core 12 while the infused foam lamination and/or core 12 is held at the prescribed compressed width. After the elastomer 14 and the intumescent material 16 have been cured, the entire composite is removed from the fixture, optionally compressed to less than the nominal size of the material and packaged for shipment to the job site. This first embodiment is suited to horizontal parking deck applications where waterproofing is desired on the top side and fire resistance is desired from beneath, as in the event of a vehicle fire on the parking deck below.

(17) In this system 10, a sealant band and/or corner bead 18 of the elastomer 14 can be applied on the side(s) of the interface between the foam laminate (and/or core 12) and the concrete substrate 50 to create a water tight seal.

(18) Referring now to FIG. 2, an alternate expansion joint system 20 of the present invention illustrates the core 12 having a first elastomer 14 coated on one surface and the intumescent material 16 coated on an opposing surface. A second elastomer 15 is coated on the intumescent material 16 and serves the function of waterproofing. In this manner, the system 20 is water resistant in both directions and fire resistant in one direction. The system 20 is used in applications that are similar to the applications in which the system 10 is used, but may be used where water is present on the underside of the expansion joint. Additionally, it would be suitable for vertical expansion joints where waterproofing or water resistance is desirable in both directions while fire resistance is desired in only one direction. The second elastomer 15 may also serve to aesthetically integrate the system 20 with surrounding substrate material.

(19) Sealant bands and/or corner beads 22 of the first elastomer 14 can be applied to the sides as with the embodiment described above. Sealant bands and/or corner beads 24 can be applied on top of the second elastomer 15, thereby creating a water tight seal between the concrete substrate 50 and the intumescent material.

(20) Referring now to FIG. 3, another expansion joint system of the present invention is shown at 30. In system 30, the foam 12 and/or core 12 is similar to or the same as the above-described foam and/or core 12, but both exposed surfaces are coated first with the intumescent material 16 to define a first coating of the intumescent material and a second coating of the intumescent material 16. The first coating of the intumescent material 16 is coated with a first elastomer material 32, and the second coating of the intumescent material 16 is coated with a second elastomer material 34. This system 30 can be used in the same environments as the above-described systems with the added benefit that it is both waterproof or at least water resistant and fire resistant in both directions through the joint. This makes it especially suitable for vertical joints in either interior or exterior applications.

(21) In system 30, sealant bands and/or corner beads 38 of the elastomer are applied in a similar fashion as described above and on both sides of the foam 12 and/or core 12. This creates a water tight elastomer layer on both sides of the foam 12 and/or core 12.

(22) Referring now to FIG. 4, shown therein is another expansion joint system 40, according to embodiments. In system 40, the core 12 is infused with a fire retardant material, as described above. As an example, the fire retardant material can form a sandwich type construction wherein the fire retardant material forms a layer 15, as shown in FIG. 4, between the material of core 12. Thus, the layer 15 comprising a fire retardant can be located within the body of the core 12 as, e.g., an inner layer, or lamination infused with a higher ratio or density of fire retardant than the core 12. It is noted that the term infused with as used throughout the descriptions herein is meant to be broadly interpreted to refer to includes or including. Thus, for example, a core infused with a fire retardant covers a core including a fire retardant in any form and amount, such as a layer, and so forth. Accordingly, as used herein, the term infused with would also include, but not be limited to, more particular embodiments such as permeated or filled with and so forth.

(23) Moreover, it is noted that layer 15 is not limited to the exact location within the core 12 shown in FIG. 4 as the layer 15 may be included at various depths in the core 12 as desired. Moreover, it is further noted that the layer 15 may extend in any direction. For example, layer 15 may be oriented parallel to the direction in which the joint extends, perpendicular to the direction in which the joint extends or combinations of the foregoing. Layer 15 can function as a fire resistant barrier layer within the body of the core 12. Accordingly, layer 15 can comprise any suitable material providing, e.g., fire barrier properties. No coatings are shown on the outer surfaces of core 12 of FIG. 4.

(24) Accordingly, by tailoring the density as described above to achieve the desired water resistance and/or water proofing properties of the structure, combined with the infused fire retardant in layer 15, or infused within the core 12 in any other desired form including a non-layered form, additional layers, e.g. an additional water and/or fire resistant layer on either or both outer surfaces of the core 12, are not be necessary to achieve a dual functioning water and fire resistant expansion joint system, according to embodiments.

(25) It is noted, however, that additional layers could be employed if desired in the embodiment of FIG. 4, as well as in the other embodiments disclosed herein, and in any suitable combination and order. For example, the layering described above with respect to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 could be employed in the embodiment of FIG. 4 and/or FIG. 5 described below.

(26) As a further example, FIG. 5 illustrates therein an expansion joint system 70 comprising the layer 15 comprising a fire retardant within the body of the core 12 as described above with respect to FIG. 4, and also comprising an additional coating 17 on a surface of the core 12. Coating 17 can comprise any suitable coating, such as the elastomer 14 described above, a fire barrier material including an intumescent material 16 described above or other suitable fire barrier material, e.g., a sealant, a fabric, a blanket, a foil, a tape, e.g., an intumescent tape, a mesh, a glass, e.g., fiberglass; and combinations thereof.

(27) Moreover, embodiments include various combinations of layering and fire retardant infusion (in layer and non-layer form) to achieve, e.g., the dual functioning water and fire resistant expansion joint systems described herein, according to embodiments. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates coating 17 on one surface of the core 12 and a dual coating 18 on the opposite surface of the core 12. The dual coating 18 can comprise, e.g., an inner layer of elastomer 14, as described above, with an outer layer of a fire barrier material including, e.g., an intumescent material. Similarly, the layers of the dual coating 18 can be reversed to comprise an inner layer of fire barrier material and an outer layer of elastomer 14.

(28) Alternatively, only one layer may be present on either surface of core 12, such as one layer of a fire barrier material, e.g., sealant, on a surface of the core 12, which is infused with a fire retardant material in layer 15 or infused in a non-layer form. Still further, other combinations of suitable layering include, e.g., dual coating 18 on both surfaces of the core 12 and in any combination of inner and outer layers, as described above.

(29) It is additionally noted that the embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 can be similarly constructed, as described above with respect to, e.g., the embodiments of FIGS. 1-3, modified as appropriate for inclusion/deletion of various layering, and so forth. Thus, for example, as described above, while a bellows construction is illustrated by the figures, the embodiments described herein are not limited to such a profile as other suitable profiles may be employed, such as straight, curved, and so forth.

(30) Accordingly, as further evident from the foregoing, embodiments of the dual functioning fire and water resistant expansion joint systems can comprise various ordering and layering of materials on the outer surfaces of the core 12. Similarly, a fire retardant material can be infused into the core 12 in various forms, to create, e.g., a layered sandwich type construction with use of, e.g., layer 15.

(31) In the embodiments described herein, the infused foam laminate and/or core 12 may be constructed in a manner which insures that substantially the same density of fire retardant 60 is present in the product regardless of the final size of the product, according to embodiments. The starting density of the infused foam/core is approximately 140 kg/m.sup.3, according to embodiments. Other suitable densities include between about 80 kg/m.sup.3 and about 180 kg/m.sup.3. After compression, the infused foam/core density is in the range of about 160-800 kg/m.sup.3, according to embodiments. After installation the laminate and/or core 12 will typically cycle between densities of approximately 750 kg/m.sup.3 at the smallest size of the expansion joint to approximately 360-450 kg/m.sup.3, e.g., approximately 400-450 kg/m.sup.3 (or less) at the maximum size of the joint. A density of 400-450 kg/m.sup.3 was determined through experimentation, as a reasonable value which still affords adequate fire retardant capacity, such that the resultant composite can pass the UL 2079 test program. The present invention is not limited to cycling in the foregoing ranges, however, and the foam/core may attain densities outside of the herein-described ranges.

(32) In horizontal expansion joint systems, installation is accomplished by adhering the foam laminate and/or core 12 to the concrete substrate using an adhesive such as epoxy, according to embodiments. The epoxy or other adhesive is applied to the faces of the expansion joint prior to removing the foam laminate and/or core 12 from the packaging thereof (such packaging may comprise restraining elements, straps, ties, bands, shrink wrap plastic, or the like). Once the packaging has been removed, the foam laminate and/or core 12 will begin to expand, and it should be inserted into the joint in the desired orientation further to the application of epoxy or other adhesive materials to the side(s) of the foam laminate and/or core 12 if so desired. Once the foam lamination and/or core 12 has expanded to suit the expansion joint, it will become locked in by the combination of the foam back pressure and the adhesive.

(33) In vertical expansion joint systems, an adhesive band may be pre-applied to the foam lamination and/or core 12. In this case, for installation, the foam laminate and/or core 12 is removed from the packaging and simply inserted into the space between the concrete surfaces to be joined where it is allowed to expand to meet the concrete substrate. Once this is done, the adhesive band in combination with the back pressure of the foam 12 and/or core 12 will hold the foam 12 and/or core 12 in position.

(34) To fill an entire expansion joint, the installation as described above is repeated as needed. To join the end of one foam laminate and/or core 12 to the end of another in either the horizontal configuration or the vertical configuration, a technique similar to that used with the sealant band and/or corner beads can be employed. After inserting one section of a system (joint) and adhering it securely to the concrete substrate, the next section is readied by placing it in proximity to the first section. A band or bead of the intumescent material and the elastomer material is applied on the end of the foam laminate in the appropriate locations. The next section is removed from the packaging and allowed to expand in close proximity to the previously installed section. When the expansion has taken place and the section is beginning to adhere to the substrates (joint faces), the section is firmly seated against the previously installed section. The outside faces are then tooled to create an aesthetically pleasing seamless interface.

(35) The above mentioned installation procedure is simple, rapid, and has no invasive elements which impinge upon or penetrate the concrete (or other) substrates. This avoids many of the long term problems associated with invasive anchoring of screws into expansion joint faces.

(36) It is further noted that the various embodiments, including constructions, layering and so forth described herein, can be combined in any combination and in any order to result in, e.g., a dual functioning water and fire resistant expansion joint system. Thus, the embodiments described herein are not limited to the specific construction of the figures, as the various materials, layering and so forth described herein can be combined in any desired combination and order.

(37) Although this invention has been shown and described with respect to the detailed embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed in the above detailed description, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of this disclosure.