CABIN BLOWER SYSTEM

Abstract

A cabin blower system, for an aircraft, comprising: a cabin blower compressor, for compressing air for delivery to a cabin of an aircraft, comprising a compressor drive shaft running on a contactless bearing system; and a transmission comprising an input and an output, the input being arranged to receive power from an engine of the aircraft and the output being arranged to mechanically drive the cabin blower compressor, wherein the output of the transmission is mechanically coupled with the compressor drive shaft via a flexible drive coupling.

Claims

1. A cabin blower system, for an aircraft, comprising: a cabin blower compressor, for compressing air for delivery to a cabin of an aircraft, comprising a compressor drive shaft running on a contactless bearing system; and a transmission comprising an input and an output, the input being arranged to receive power from an engine of the aircraft and the output being arranged to mechanically drive the cabin blower compressor, wherein the output of the transmission is mechanically coupled with the compressor drive shaft via a flexible drive coupling.

2. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the contactless bearing system takes the form of an air bearing system or a magnetic bearing system.

3. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the flexible drive coupling has at least one or more of a lower lateral stiffness than the contactless bearing system and a lower axial stiffness than the contactless bearing system.

4. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the transmission comprises a continuously variable transmission.

5. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein a mechanical bearing system is disposed near to or at the output of the transmission and the output of the transmission comprises an end of a transmission drive shaft.

6. The cabin blower system of claim 5, wherein the flexible drive coupling is at one end rigidly affixed to the transmission drive shaft and at its other end rigidly affixed to the compressor drive shaft.

7. The cabin blower system of claim 5, wherein the lateral stiffness of the mechanical bearing system is greater than the lateral stiffness of the contactless bearing system and the lateral stiffness of the contactless bearing system is greater than the lateral stiffness of the flexible drive coupling.

8. The cabin blower system of claim 5, wherein the axial stiffness of the mechanical bearing system is greater than the axial stiffness of the contactless bearing system and the axial stiffness of the contactless bearing system is greater than the axial stiffness of the flexible drive coupling.

9. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the flexible drive coupling comprises a form metal bellows arrangement, a diaphragm, a flexible beam, a flexible jaw pin and bush, a disc pack, a grid coupling, a spring or a magnetic arrangement.

10. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the cabin blower system further comprises: a reversible variator arranged to receive power from the gas turbine engine and to output mechanical power to a second transmission input, the reversible variator being operable to output in both forward and reverse directions of rotation; and a controller configured to control an output speed and direction of rotation of the reversible variator.

11. The cabin blower system of claim 1, wherein the contactless bearing system comprises an air foil bearing system comprising a thrust runner having first and second sides and a thrust air foil bearing disposed on both of the first and second sides of the thrust runner.

12. The cabin blower system of claim 11, wherein the air foiling bearing system comprises radial air foil bearing shells and a rotor arranged to interface with the radial air foil bearing shells, and the thrust runner has a larger outer diameter than an outer diameter of the rotor arranged to interface with radial air foil bearing shells.

13. A gas turbine engine comprising the cabin blower system of claim 1.

14. An aircraft comprising the cabin blower system of claim 1.

15. A drive transfer assembly comprising: a first drive shaft running on a contactless bearing system; a second drive shaft; and a flexible drive coupling; wherein the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft are connected via the flexible drive coupling; and wherein the flexible drive coupling comprises at least one or more of a lower lateral stiffness than the contactless bearing system and a lower axial stiffness than the contactless bearing system.

16. The drive assembly of claim 15, wherein the second drive shaft runs on a mechanical bearing system.

17. The drive assembly of claim 16, wherein the flexible drive coupling has at least one more of a lower lateral stiffness than the mechanical bearing system and a lower axial stiffness than the mechanical bearing system.

18. The drive assembly of claim 15, wherein the contactless bearing system comprises an air bearing system or a magnetic bearing system.

19. The drive assembly of claim 15, wherein the flexible drive coupling comprises a form metal bellows arrangement, a diaphragm, a flexible beam, a flexible jaw pin and bush, a disc pack, a grid coupling, a spring or a magnetic arrangement.

20. The drive assembly of claim 15, wherein the contactless bearing system comprises an air foil bearing system comprising a thrust runner having first and second sides and a thrust air foil bearing disposed on both of the first and second sides of the thrust runner.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Examples are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0048] FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a gas turbine engine;

[0049] FIG. 2 is a close-up sectional side up view of an upstream portion of a gas turbine engine;

[0050] FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of a gearbox for a gas turbine engine;

[0051] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-section of a portion of a cabin blower system;

[0052] FIG. 5 is a schematic drawing of a cabin blower system; and

[0053] FIG. 6 is an aircraft including two gas turbine engines and two associated cabin blower systems.

[0054] FIG. 7 is an schematic of a drive transfer system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] FIG. 1 illustrates a gas turbine engine 10 having a principal rotational axis 9. The engine 10 comprises an air intake 12 and a propulsive fan 23 that generates two airflows: a core airflow A and a bypass airflow B. The gas turbine engine 10 comprises a core 11 that receives the core airflow A. The engine core 11 comprises, in axial flow series, a low pressure compressor 14, a high-pressure compressor 15, combustion equipment 16, a high-pressure turbine 17, a low pressure turbine 19 and a core exhaust nozzle 20. A nacelle 21 surrounds the gas turbine engine 10 and defines a bypass duct 22 and a bypass exhaust nozzle 18. The bypass airflow B flows through the bypass duct 22. The fan 23 is attached to and driven by the low pressure turbine 19 via a shaft 26 and an epicyclic gearbox 30.

[0056] In use, the core airflow A is accelerated and compressed by the low pressure compressor 14 and directed into the high pressure compressor 15 where further compression takes place. The compressed air exhausted from the high pressure compressor 15 is directed into the combustion equipment 16 where it is mixed with fuel and the mixture is combusted. The resultant hot combustion products then expand through, and thereby drive, the high pressure and low pressure turbines 17, 19 before being exhausted through the nozzle 20 to provide some propulsive thrust. The high pressure turbine 17 drives the high pressure compressor 15 by a suitable interconnecting shaft 27. The fan 23 generally provides the majority of the propulsive thrust. The epicyclic gearbox 30 is a reduction gearbox.

[0057] An exemplary arrangement for a geared fan gas turbine engine 10 is shown in FIG. 2. The low pressure turbine 19 (see FIG. 1) drives the shaft 26, which is coupled to a sun wheel, or sun gear, 28 of the epicyclic gear arrangement 30. Radially outwardly of the sun gear 28 and intermeshing therewith is a plurality of planet gears 32 that are coupled together by a planet carrier 34. The planet carrier 34 constrains the planet gears 32 to precess around the sun gear 28 in synchronicity whilst enabling each planet gear 32 to rotate about its own axis. The planet carrier 34 is coupled via linkages 36 to the fan 23 in order to drive its rotation about the engine axis 9. Radially outwardly of the planet gears 32 and intermeshing therewith is an annulus or ring gear 38 that is coupled, via linkages 40, to a stationary supporting structure 24.

[0058] Note that the terms “low pressure turbine” and “low pressure compressor” as used herein may be taken to mean the lowest pressure turbine stages and lowest pressure compressor stages (i.e. not including the fan 23) respectively and/or the turbine and compressor stages that are connected together by the interconnecting shaft 26 with the lowest rotational speed in the engine (i.e. not including the gearbox output shaft that drives the fan 23). In some literature, the “low pressure turbine” and “low pressure compressor” referred to herein may alternatively be known as the “intermediate pressure turbine” and “intermediate pressure compressor”. Where such alternative nomenclature is used, the fan 23 may be referred to as a first, or lowest pressure, compression stage.

[0059] The epicyclic gearbox 30 is shown by way of example in greater detail in FIG. 3. Each of the sun gear 28, planet gears 32 and ring gear 38 comprise teeth about their periphery to intermesh with the other gears. However, for clarity only exemplary portions of the teeth are illustrated in FIG. 3. There are four planet gears 32 illustrated, although it will be apparent to the skilled reader that more or fewer planet gears 32 may be provided within the scope of the disclosure. Practical applications of a planetary epicyclic gearbox 30 generally comprise at least three planet gears 32.

[0060] The epicyclic gearbox 30 illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 2 and 3 is of the planetary type, in that the planet carrier 34 is coupled to an output shaft via linkages 36, with the ring gear 38 fixed. However, any other suitable type of epicyclic gearbox 30 may be used. By way of further example, the epicyclic gearbox 30 may be a star arrangement, in which the planet carrier 34 is held fixed, with the ring (or annulus) gear 38 allowed to rotate. In such an arrangement the fan 23 is driven by the ring gear 38. By way of further alternative example, the gearbox 30 may be a differential gearbox in which the ring gear 38 and the planet carrier 34 are both allowed to rotate.

[0061] It will be appreciated that the arrangement shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is by way of example only, and various alternatives are within the scope of the present disclosure. Purely by way of example, any suitable arrangement may be used for locating the gearbox 30 in the engine 10 and/or for connecting the gearbox 30 to the engine 10.

[0062] By way of further example, the connections (such as the linkages 36, 40 in the FIG. 2 example) between the gearbox 30 and other parts of the engine 10 (such as the input shaft 26, the output shaft and the fixed structure 24) may have any desired degree of stiffness or flexibility. By way of further example, any suitable arrangement of the bearings between rotating and stationary parts of the engine (for example between the input and output shafts from the gearbox and the fixed structures, such as the gearbox casing) may be used, and the disclosure is not limited to the exemplary arrangement of FIG. 2. For example, where the gearbox 30 has a star arrangement (described above), the skilled person would readily understand that the arrangement of output and support linkages and bearing locations would typically be different to that shown by way of example in FIG. 2.

[0063] Accordingly, the present disclosure extends to a gas turbine engine having any arrangement of gearbox styles (for example star or planetary), support structures, input and output shaft arrangement, and bearing locations.

[0064] Optionally, the gearbox may drive additional and/or alternative components (e.g. the intermediate pressure compressor and/or a booster compressor).

[0065] Other gas turbine engines to which the present disclosure may be applied may have alternative configurations. For example, such engines may have an alternative number of compressors and/or turbines and/or an alternative number of interconnecting shafts. By way of further example, the gas turbine engine shown in FIG. 1 has a split flow nozzle 18, 20 meaning that the flow through the bypass duct 22 has its own nozzle 18 that is separate to and radially outside the core engine nozzle 20. However, this is not limiting, and any aspect of the present disclosure may also apply to engines in which the flow through the bypass duct 22 and the flow through the core 11 are mixed, or combined, before (or upstream of) a single nozzle, which may be referred to as a mixed flow nozzle. One or both nozzles (whether mixed or split flow) may have a fixed or variable area. Whilst the described example relates to a turbofan engine, the disclosure may apply, for example, to any type of gas turbine engine, such as an open rotor (in which the fan stage is not surrounded by a nacelle) or turboprop engine, for example. In some arrangements, the gas turbine engine 10 may not comprise a gearbox 30.

[0066] The geometry of the gas turbine engine 10, and components thereof, is defined by a conventional axis system, comprising an axial direction (which is aligned with the rotational axis 9), a radial direction (in the bottom-to-top direction in FIG. 1), and a circumferential direction (perpendicular to the page in the FIG. 1 view). The axial, radial and circumferential directions are mutually perpendicular.

[0067] FIG. 4 shows schematically a system 40 for use on an aircraft.

[0068] The system 40 comprises a gas turbine engine 151. In some embodiments, the gas turbine engine 151 may be a gas turbine engine 10 as described above.

[0069] Drive is taken from a shaft of the gas turbine engine 151 via an accessory gearbox 153. A transmission 150 is mechanically coupled to the accessory gearbox 153. In some implementations, the transmission 150 may be a continuously variable transmission.

[0070] A cabin blower system, indicated generally by the dashed line 100, operates to take drive from an output of the transmission in the form of a transmission drive shaft 106 to drive mechanically a cabin blower compressor 102. The cabin blower compressor 102 is arranged to compress air for delivery as an air stream 154 to a cabin 152 of an aircraft.

[0071] In the cabin blower system 100, a flexible drive coupling 114 mechanically couples the transmission drive shaft 106 to a compressor drive shaft 110. The compressor drive shaft 110 runs on a contactless bearing system, as will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 5.

[0072] A portion of the cabin blower system 100 is shown in more detail in FIG. 5.

[0073] An output 108 comprises an end portion of the transmission drive shaft 106. The transmission drive shaft 106 runs on a mechanical bearing system 112.

[0074] The output 108 is mechanically coupled to the compressor drive shaft 110 via the flexible drive coupling 114. The compressor drive shaft 110 drives the compressor 102.

[0075] The compressor drive shaft 110 runs on a contactless bearing system 104. In the illustrated example, the contactless bearing system 104 comprises an air bearing system in the form of an air foil bearing system. The compressor drive shaft includes a centrifugal compressor and a plurality of rotor shaft elements that are arranged to interface with one or more radial air foil bearings and one or more thrust air foil bearings. The radial air foil bearing(s) and the thrust air foil bearing(s) are not shown in FIG. 5.

[0076] The compressor drive shaft 110 may be formed of one or more compressor drive shaft portions. Alternatively, the compressor drive shaft 110 may be made as a single piece.

[0077] The contactless bearing system 104 may be disposed relatively near to the flexible drive coupling 114. The mechanical bearing system 112 may be disposed relatively near to the flexible drive coupling 114.

[0078] The lateral stiffness of the mechanical bearing system 112 is greater than the lateral stiffness of the contactless bearing system 104. The lateral stiffness of the contactless bearing system 104 is greater than the lateral stiffness of the flexible drive coupling 114.

[0079] The axial stiffness of the mechanical bearing system 112 is greater than the axial stiffness of the contactless bearing system 104. The axial stiffness of the contactless bearing system 104 is greater than the axial stiffness of the flexible drive coupling 114.

[0080] The flexible drive coupling 114 has a lower axial stiffness than the contactless bearing system 104. The flexible drive coupling 114 has a lower lateral stiffness than the contactless bearing system 104.

[0081] The flexible drive coupling 114 has a lower axial stiffness than the mechanical bearing system 112. The flexible drive coupling 114 has a lower lateral stiffness than the mechanical bearing system 112.

[0082] As a consequence of tolerance stack ups, in use, the transmission drive shaft 106 may be urged to run out of true and rotate non-concentrically with the compressor drive shaft 110.

[0083] The flexible drive coupling 114 provides a means for correcting misalignment between the transmission drive shaft 106 and the compressor drive shaft 110. In use, the lower lateral stiffness of the flexible drive coupling 114, in relation to the lateral stiffness of the contactless bearing system 104, allows the flexible drive coupling 114 to continually flex through its rotation to correct any misalignment between the transmission drive shaft 106 and the compressor drive shaft 110 caused by tolerance stack ups. As such, the compressor rotor shaft will be able to run concentric and parallel with the contactless bearing system.

[0084] The contactless bearing system 104 may take the form of an air bearing system or a magnetic bearing system. The air bearing system may be an air foil bearing system or an aerostatic bearing system.

[0085] The flexible drive coupling 114 may comprise a form metal bellows arrangement. In some embodiments, the flexible drive coupling 114 may comprise a diaphragm, a flexible beam, a flexible jaw pin and bush, a disc pack, a grid coupling, a spring or a magnetic arrangement.

[0086] FIG. 6 shows schematically an aircraft 50. The aircraft 50 has a fuselage 501 with a cabin 502 therein. A first wing 503 and a second wing 504 extend away from the fuselage 501 in opposite directions. A first gas turbine engine 505 is connected to the first wing 504. A second gas turbine engine 506 is connected to the second wing 505. The first gas turbine engine 505 and/or the second gas turbine engine 506 may be any gas turbine engine for an aircraft. For example, the first gas turbine engine 505 and/or the second gas turbine engine 506 may be similar to or the same as the gas turbine engine 10 disclosed herein.

[0087] A first cabin blower system 201 according to the present disclosure is associated with the first gas turbine engine 505. The first cabin blower system 200 operates to compress and deliver air to the cabin 502 of the aircraft 50.

[0088] A second cabin blower system 202 according to the present disclosure is associated with the second gas turbine engine 506. The second cabin blower system 202 operates to compress and deliver air to the cabin 502 of the aircraft 50.

[0089] The first cabin blower system 201 and/or the second cabin blower system 202 may be any cabin blower system disclosed herein. For instance, the first cabin blower system 201 and/or the second cabin blower system 202 may be similar to or the same as the cabin blower system 100 disclosed herein.

[0090] FIG. 7 shows an example of a drive transfer system 70. The drive transfer system 70 may be suitable for use in or on an aircraft. The drive transfer system 70 may also be suitable for other uses, including, for example, in other transport applications.

[0091] The drive transfer system 70 comprises a first drive shaft 701 running on a contactless bearing system 702 and a second drive shaft 704. The first drive shaft 701 and the second drive shaft 704 are connected via a flexible drive coupling 703.

[0092] The first drive shaft 701 and the second drive shaft 704 are axially aligned with each other.

[0093] The flexible drive coupling 703 has a lower lateral stiffness than the contactless bearing system 702. The flexible drive coupling 703 has a lower axial stiffness than the contactless bearing system 702.

[0094] The contactless bearing system 702 may take the form of an air bearing system or a magnetic bearing system. The air bearing system may comprise an air foil bearing system. The air bearing system may comprise an aerostatic bearing system.

[0095] The flexible drive coupling 703 may comprise a form metal bellows arrangement. In some embodiments, the flexible drive coupling 703 may comprise a diaphragm, a flexible beam, a flexible jaw pin and bush, a disc pack, a grid coupling, a spring or a magnetic arrangement.

[0096] The second drive shaft 704 may run on a mechanical bearing system or a contactless bearing system. The second drive shaft 704 may run on a similar or substantially the same bearing system as the first drive shaft 701.

[0097] It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments above-described and various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concepts herein. Except where mutually exclusive, any of the features may be employed separately or in combination with any other features and the disclosure extends to and includes all combinations and sub-combinations of one or more features described herein.