Quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin and preparation method thereof

Abstract

A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin and a preparation method thereof are provided. The preparation method includes: adding a chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin, trimethylamine hydrochloride, and a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution successively to a reactor for a reaction under stirring at 30 C. to 40 C.; filtering a resulting reaction solution, followed by washing and drying to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin; adding the quaternary ammonium group-grafted resin, 1,2-dichloroethane, silver sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid successively for a reaction for 1 hour at 50 C. to 60 C., a reaction for 1 hour at 70 C. to 80 C., and a reaction for 5 hours at 115 C. to 125 C.; and cooling a resulting reaction solution to room temperature, followed by diluting, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin, comprising the following steps: 1) introducing a quaternary ammonium group into a chloromethylated cross-linked polystyrene (PS) resin comprising: 1.1) adding a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin and trimethylamine hydrochloride successively to a reaction vessel; 1.2) adding a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution dropwise to the reaction vessel within 1 hour, keeping a first temperature at 30 C. to 40 C., and continuously stirring to allow a first reaction for 2 hours; 1.3) after the first reaction is completed, filtering a first reaction solution to obtain a first intermediate resin, and washing the first intermediate resin with a 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and deionized water successively until a first effluent has a pH of 7 to obtain a first washed resin; and 1.4) drying the first washed resin at 60 C. to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin; and 2) sulfonating the quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin comprising: 2.1) adding the quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin obtained in step 1.4), 1,2-dichloroethane, silver sulfate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and fuming sulfuric acid successively to the reaction vessel; 2.2) keeping a second temperature at 50 C. to 60 C., and continuously stirring to allow a second reaction for 1 hour; 2.3) raising the second temperature to 70 C. to 80 C., and continuously stirring to allow the second reaction for 1 hour; 2.4) raising the second temperature to 115 C. to 125 C., and continuously stirring to allow the second reaction for 5 hours; 2.5) after the second reaction is completed, cooling a second reaction solution to room temperature, and diluting and filtering the second reaction solution to obtain a second intermediate resin; and washing the second intermediate resin with deionized water to obtain a second washed resin, converting the second washed resin with a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution to obtain a converted resin, and washing the converted resin with deionized water until a second effluent has a pH of 7; and 2.6) drying the converted resin at 60 C. to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin; wherein the method features the following relative amounts of raw materials in parts by weight: 10 to 20 parts of chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin, 40 to 80 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane, 5 to 20 parts of trimethylamine hydrochloride, 20 to 80 parts of 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 500 to 1,000 parts of 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 1,000 to 2,000 parts total of 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, 0.5 to 1 part of silver sulfate, 15 to 30 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid, 15 to 30 parts of fuming sulfuric acid, and 9,000 to 18,000 parts total of deionized water.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin has a crosslinking degree of 7% and a chlorine content of 10%.

3. A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin prepared by the preparation method according to claim 2.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the fuming sulfuric acid has a mass fraction of 60%.

5. A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4.

6. A quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is an infrared (IR) spectrum of the cation resin prepared in Example 3 of the present disclosure; and

(2) FIG. 2 shows the comparison of regeneration performance between the cation resin prepared in Example 3 of the present disclosure and a strong-acid resin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(3) An exchange capacity of the following resin was determined according to GB/T8144-2008 Determination Method of Exchange Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resin and GB/T 11992-2008 Determination Method of Exchange Capacity of Chlorine-type Strong-base Anion-exchange Resin.

Example 1

(4) 1) Introduction of a quaternary ammonium group into a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(5) 1.1) 15 parts of a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin and 18 parts of trimethylamine hydrochloride were successively added to a reaction vessel.

(6) 1.2) 72 parts of a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added dropwise to the reaction vessel within 1 hour, a temperature was kept at 30 C. to 40 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 2 hours.

(7) 1.3) After the reaction was completed, a reaction solution was filtered to obtain a resin, and the resin was washed with 750 parts of a 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, converted with 750 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 4,500 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(8) 1.4) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin.

(9) 2) Sulfonation of the quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(10) 2.1) 15 parts of the resin obtained in step 1.4), 60 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane, 0.75 part of silver sulfate, 15 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 15 parts of fuming sulfuric acid were added successively to a reaction vessel.

(11) 2.2) A temperature was kept at 50 C. to 60 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(12) 2.3) The temperature was raised to 70 C. to 80 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(13) 2.4) The temperature was raised to 115 C. to 125 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 5 hours.

(14) 2.5) After the reaction was completed, a resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted, and filtered to obtain a resin; and the resin was washed with 4,500 parts of deionized water, then converted with 750 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 4,500 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(15) 2.6) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

(16) The chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin had a crosslinking degree of 7% and a chlorine content of 10%.

(17) The fuming sulfuric acid had a mass fraction of 600%.

(18) The cation resin obtained above had an exchange capacity of 0.90 mol/L, and the quaternary ammonium group had an exchange capacity of 0.09 mol/L.

Example 2

(19) 1) Introduction of a quaternary ammonium group into a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(20) 1.1) 20 parts of a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin and 20 parts of trimethylamine hydrochloride were successively added to a reaction vessel.

(21) 1.2) 80 parts of a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added dropwise to the reaction vessel within 1 hour, a temperature was kept at 30 C. to 40 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 2 hours.

(22) 1.3) After the reaction was completed, a reaction solution was filtered to obtain a resin, and the resin was washed with 1000 parts of a 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, converted with 1000 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 6000 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(23) 1.4) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin.

(24) 2) Sulfonation of the quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(25) 2.1) 20 parts of the resin obtained in step 1.4), 80 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane, 1 part of silver sulfate, 30 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 30 parts of fuming sulfuric acid were added successively to a reaction vessel.

(26) 2.2) A temperature was kept at 50 C. to 60 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(27) 2.3) The temperature was raised to 70 C. to 80 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(28) 2.4) The temperature was raised to 115 C. to 125 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 5 hours.

(29) 2.5) After the reaction was completed, a resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted, and filtered to obtain a resin; and the resin was washed with 6,000 parts of deionized water, then converted with 1,000 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 6,000 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(30) 2.6) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

(31) The chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin had a crosslinking degree of 7% and a chlorine content of 10%.

(32) The fuming sulfuric acid had a mass fraction of 60%.

(33) The cation resin obtained above had an exchange capacity of 1.10 mol/L, and the quaternary ammonium group had an exchange capacity of 0.07 mol/L.

Example 3

(34) 1) Introduction of a quaternary ammonium group into a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(35) 1.1) 10 parts of a chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin and 5 parts of trimethylamine hydrochloride were successively added to a reaction vessel.

(36) 1.2) 20 parts of a 20% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution were added dropwise to the reaction vessel within 1 hour, a temperature was kept at 30 C. to 40 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 2 hours.

(37) 1.3) After the reaction was completed, a reaction solution was filtered to obtain a resin, and the resin was washed with 500 parts of a 5% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, converted with 500 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 3,000 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(38) 1.4) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain a quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin.

(39) 2) Sulfonation of the quaternary ammonium group-grafted chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin;

(40) 2.1) 10 parts of the resin obtained in step 1.4), 40 parts of 1,2-dichloroethane, 0.5 part of silver sulfate, 20 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 20 parts of fuming sulfuric acid were added successively to a reaction vessel.

(41) 2.2) A temperature was kept at 50 C. to 60 C., and a resulting mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(42) 2.3) The temperature was raised to 70 C. to 80 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 1 hour.

(43) 2.4) The temperature was raised to 115 C. to 125 C., and the mixture was continuously stirred to allow a reaction for 5 hours.

(44) 2.5) After the reaction was completed, a resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted, and filtered to obtain a resin; and the resin was washed with 3,000 parts of deionized water, then converted with 500 parts of a 5% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and washed with 3,000 parts of deionized water until an effluent had a pH of 7.

(45) 2.6) The resin was dried at 60 C. to obtain the quaternary ammonium group-grafted cation resin.

(46) The chloromethylated cross-linked PS resin had a crosslinking degree of 7% and a chlorine content of 10%.

(47) The fuming sulfuric acid had a mass fraction of 600%.

(48) The cation resin obtained above had an exchange capacity of 1.35 mol/L, and the quaternary ammonium group had an exchange capacity of 0.05 mol/L.

(49) A Nicolet 370 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer was used to conduct FTIR analysis on the cation resin prepared in the above example, and a spectrum thereof was shown in FIG. 1, wherein a characteristic peak at 1,180 cm.sup.1 indicated the successful grafting of the sulfonic acid group and a characteristic peak at 976 cm.sup.1 indicated the introduction of the quaternary ammonium group.

(50) The cation resin prepared in the above example was mixed with a strong-base resin and converted into a NaCl type, and then used in an MFEDI device, and the electrical regeneration performance was tested, with a strong-acid and strong-base mixed resin as a contrast. When the MFEDI device was filled with different resins, a conductivity change of a regeneration solution was shown in FIG. 2. A regeneration solution of a mixed resin of the cation resin prepared in the present disclosure and the strong-base resin had an average Na.sup.+ concentration of 20.8 mg/L, while a regeneration solution of the strong-acid and strong-base mixed resin had an average Na.sup.+ concentration only of 9.6 mg/L, indicating that, compared with the commercially available strong-acid resins, the prepared cation resin shows improved electrical regeneration performance due to the introduction of the quaternary ammonium group.