Fire extinguishing composition containing saccharide and saccharide derivative

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a fire extinguishing composition containing saccharide and a saccharide derivative, comprising a saccharide derivative, a saccharide material and an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent, whose mass percentages are respectively: saccharide derivative 30%-60%, saccharide material 10%-40%, and auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 10%-30%. The fire extinguishing composition uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, is heated and decomposed or reacts by using the heat of burning of the pyrotechnic agent, to generate a fire extinguishing material to be sprayed together with the fireworks agent, thereby achieving the fire extinguishing purpose. The fire extinguishing composition of the present disclosure uses a saccharide derivative and a saccharide material as primary ingredients, uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, and is easily decomposed after being heated to generate non-toxic and harmless gas. The environment is not polluted after the ejection, the effective utilization rate of components is high, and the material obtained through decomposition can also extinguish fire, so as to generate a synergistic action on the pyrotechnic agent, thereby improving the fire extinguishing performance of the whole fire extinguishing composition.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing composition, comprising: a saccharide derivative 30% to 60% by weight, wherein saccharide derivative comprises one or more of sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, zinc gluconate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, copper gluconate, ferrous gluconate or manganese gluconate; a saccharide material 10% to 40% by weight, wherein the saccharide material comprises one or more of dextrin, glucose, chitosan, starch or fructose; and an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 10% to 30% by weight, wherein the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent is an organic salt different from said saccharide derivative.

2. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, wherein the organic salt comprises one or more of sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium bitartrate, sodium bitartrate, potassium dihydroxytartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, hexamethylene tetramine or sodium methoxide.

3. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, further comprising a performance additive in a mass percentage of 2% to 18% by weight.

4. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 3, wherein the performance additive comprises one or more of magnesium stearate, acetal glue, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or phenolic resin.

5. The fire extinguishing composition according to claim 4, further comprising: a saccharide derivative 35% to 55% by weight; a saccharide material 15% to 35% by weight; an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 12% to 24% by weight; and a magnesium stearate 2% to 10% by weight.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(1) The fire extinguishing composition containing saccharide and a saccharide derivative of the present disclosure will be further described in combination with specific embodiments:

(2) the fire extinguishing composition includes a saccharide derivative, a saccharide material, an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent and a performance additive, whose mass percentages are respectively: saccharide derivative 30%-60%, preferably 35% to 55%, saccharide material 10%-40%, preferably 15% to 35%, auxiliary fire extinguishing agent 10%-30%, preferably 12% to 24%, performance additive 2% to 18%, preferably 2% to 10%, wherein the saccharide derivative can be selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, potassium gluconate, zinc gluconate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, copper gluconate, ferrous gluconate or manganese gluconate; the saccharide material can be selected from one or more of dextrin, glucose, chitosan, starch or fructose; the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent is an organic salt, specifically one or a combination of several of sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, potassium citrate, sodium citrate, potassium tartrate, sodium tartrate, potassium bitartrate, sodium bitartrate, potassium dihydroxytartrate, potassium sodium tartrate, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, hexamethylene tetramine or sodium methoxide; the performance additive is one or more of magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, acetal glue, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or phenolic resin; the composition uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source, is heated and decomposed or reacts by using the heat of burning of the pyrotechnic agent, to generate a fire extinguishing material.

(3) The specific fire extinguishing mechanism is that: the fire extinguishing composition can decompose to release a fire extinguishing substance at high temperature; the fire extinguishing substance can react with one or more of O, OH, H free radicals which are necessary for chain combustion reaction through free radicals to stop the chain combustion reaction, and also can reduce the partial pressure of oxygen via physical effect to inhibit flames; or have physical and chemical inhibition effects simultaneously to realize fire extinguishment jointly; at the same time, synergistic interaction can be generated with a pyrotechnic agent, thus further improving the fire extinguishing efficacy of the fire extinguishing agent and greatly shortening the effective fire extinguishing time.

(4) A total amount of 100 g of the gluconates, the saccharide material, the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent and the performance additive in the embodiment above according to the proportions in Table 1 as follows was prepared into solid tablets with regular shapes after processes including mixing, pelleting and tablet forming etc.; and then added to a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 100 g of a K-type hot aerosol generator to perform 0.25 cm.sup.2 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test comparison according to standards of BS6165: 2002 Specification for small disposable fire extinguishers of the aerosol type with fire extinguishing agents in the prior art (100 g of an S type fire extinguishing agent, 100 g of a K type fire extinguishing agents) in the same conditions, and results are as shown in Table 1.

(5) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison in components of compositions and test results Component content (mass percent) of Comparison components of embodiments example composition 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Saccharide Commercially derivative available S type fire extinguishing agent Commercially available K type fire extinguishing agent Sodium 35 50 25 40 gluconate Potassium 55 23 20 gluconate Copper 45 30 gluconate Ferrous 35 20 gluconate Saccharide Dextrin 35 15 17 material Starch 15 20 Glucose 28 20 Fructose 25 Chitosan 13 15 Hexamethylene 23 tetramine Potassium 23 10 citrate Sodium 15 methoxide Potassium 24 hydrogen tartrate Sodium acetate 20 Sodium oxalate 24 18 Performance Hydroxypropyl 4 4 10 additive methyl cellulose Magnesium 3 3 2 3 4 5 stearate Sodium 5 5 6 8 carboxymethyl cellulose Comparison in test results Fire extinguishing 3 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 situation shots shots shots shots shots shots shots shots shots shots extin- extin- extin- extin- extin- extin- extinguished extinguished not not guished guished guished guished guished guished extinguished extinguished Spraying time/s 11.23 10.98 11.35 11.12 11.54 12.12 11.86 11.71 42.36 14.65

(6) It can be seen from the comparison results in the experiments above that two shots or even all three shots were extinguished by the fire extinguishing compositions in the first to the eighth embodiments while no shot was extinguished by those in the first embodiment and the second embodiment; the spraying time in the first to the eighth embodiments was about 11 s, which was shortened by about 29 s compared with the spraying time in the first embodiment, and was also greatly shortened compared with the second embodiment. Therefore, the fire extinguishing composition of the present disclosure has high spraying intensity with short spraying time, and better fire extinguishing efficacy than fire extinguishing agents in the prior art.