Multi directional Rifling and multi flow variable speed rifling for liner segments for crushers, reclaimers, sepatators and cleaners for products

Abstract

A multi-directional tumbling cylinder for use in concentrating or cleaning of products such as dross, salt cake, slag, carbon blocks, both, or cast or molded metal pieces, wherein the tumbling cylinder is of length, the cylinder mounted upon a base, is rotated through the operations of a motor, with the cylinder capable of turning in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. The cylinder has an intake end and an outlet, and a series of liner segments disposed therein, that interconnect together to form an inner cylinder, and the segments have a series of rifling provided upon the inner surface, and series of vanes formed upon their outer surfaces, with the riffling and vanes having sloped lateral edges, at select degrees, to provide for controlled movement and volumetric flow of product being processed, either towards the outlet, tumbled within its midsection, moving product back towards the inlet, for regulated processing and cleaning of such product. An entrance vane provides for the prompt or slower movement of castings into the cylinder for processing during its operation.

Claims

1. A multi-directional tumbling cylinder for use in concentrating or cleaning of products such as dross, salt cake, slag, or cast or molded metal pieces, comprising, at least one cylinder having a length, said cylinder capable of turning in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, said length of cylinder having an intake end and outlet end, a series of rifling provided upon the inner surface of said cylinder and useful during rotation of said cylinder to process the product deposited therein, each of said rifling having a length, and each length of rifling having a pair of lateral sides, said sides of the length of rifling being slanted one of either forwardly, rearwardly, or being aligned to the length of the cylinder, wherein when said cylinder is rotated in a clockwise direction the product contained therein will be tumbled or moved in a direction upon encountering one side of said series of rifling, and when said cylinder is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the product is tumbled or moved through its encountering the other side of said rifling.

2. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein said cylinder is rotated by an electric motor.

3. The tumbling cylinder of claim 2, wherein said electric motor is a variable speed motor.

4. The tumbling cylinder of claim 2, wherein said cylinder is roller mounted upon a base.

5. The tumbling cylinder of claim 4, wherein said rollers are bearings.

6. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein said tumbling cylinder is a sand reclaimer.

7. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein said tumbling cylinder is a casting shake-out unit.

8. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein said tumbling cylinder is a product separator for use in separating dross, salt cake, slag, or related products.

9. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein each of said rifling has a longitudinal pitch on one side and another longitudinal pitch on its other side, wherein each side of the rifling will effect a select processing of product depending upon the direction of rotation of said cylinder.

10. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the pitch of each rifling on one side is zero degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on its opposite side is seven degrees.

11. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the pitch of said rifling on one side is zero degrees, and the pitch of said rifling on the opposite side is zero degrees.

12. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the rifling on one side is seven degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on the opposite side is seven degrees.

13. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the pitch of the rifling on one side is zero degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on the opposite side is fifteen degrees.

14. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the rifling on one side is seven degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on its opposite side is fifteen degrees.

15. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the rifling on one side is fifteen degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on its opposite side is fifteen degrees.

16. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the pitch of the rifling on one side is greater than seven degrees, and the pitch of the rifling on the opposite side of said rifling is less than seven degrees.

17. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal pitch on one side of the rifling slants towards the outlet end of said cylinder, and the pitch of the rifling on its opposite side extends towards to the said outlet end, and during rotation of said cylinder provides for movement for product towards the outlet end of said cylinder regardless that the cylinder may be rotated in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

18. The tumbling cylinder of claim 17, wherein the longitudinal pitch of the rifling on one side is different from the longitudinal pitch of the rifling on its other side, and said rifling moves the product therein towards said outlet end in differing volumes when said cylinder is rotated in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

19. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the longitudinal pitch on each side of said rifling is different from the pitch on the other side of said rifling, such that when said cylinder is rotated in a clockwise direction the product will move towards the inlet or outlet of the cylinder at one speed, and when the cylinder is rotated in a counterclockwise direction it will move the product towards the inlet or outlet of said cylinder at a different volume and speed.

20. The tumbling cylinder of claim 9, wherein the pitch on one side of said rifling is at zero degrees, so as to effect a tumbling of product within said cylinder without longitudinal movement of product during rotation.

21. The tumbling cylinder of claim 20, wherein said zero degree pitch upon the rifling is located proximately centrally of said tumbling unit.

22. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, and including an entrance vane provided at said intake end of said cylinder, said entrance vane having at least one face extending angularly relative to the longitudinal axis of said cylinder, such that when said cylinder is rotated in one direction thereby forcing a volume of product into the cylinder for a tumbling process.

23. The tumbling cylinder of claim 22, wherein said entrance vane having another face extending approximately longitudinally within said cylinder, and said another face of the entrance vane having a different angular relationship with the longitudinal axis of the cylinder for providing a slower volumetric movement of product within the cylinder during performance of a tumbling process.

24. The tumbling cylinder of claim 23, wherein the faces of the entrance vane extending angularly longitudinally within said cylinder are of different angles to move different volumes of product into the cylinder for a tumbling process depending upon the direction of rotation of said tumbling cylinder during usage.

25. The multi-directional tumbling cylinder of claim 1, and including an outer cylinder, said outer cylinder encircling at least a portion of said at least one cylinder, a series of lengths of vanes provided between said one cylinder and said outer cylinder, said vanes disposed for movement of any residue product falling through said one cylinder and into the outer cylinder and moving the residue product towards the intake end or the outlet end of said tumbling cylinder for collection or disposal.

26. The tumbling cylinder of claim 25, wherein said tumbling cylinder is formed of segments, formed as sectors of the cylinder, and rifling integrally formed upon the inner surface of said segments, and length of vanes integrally formed with the outer surface of each segment, such that a series of said segments can be interconnected together to form the tumbling cylinder of said device.

27. The tumbling cylinder of claim 1, wherein said tumbling cylinder and its rifling are formed of segments, that are interconnected together to form a cylindrical tumbling unit for this device.

28. The tumbling cylinder of claim 26, wherein said segments are perforated.

29. The tumbling cylinder of claim 27, wherein said segments are perforated.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In referring to the drawings:

[0029] FIG. 1 provides an isometric view of a tumbling unit of this invention, comprising a sand reclaimer, casting shake-out, or the like;

[0030] FIG. 2 is an end view of the inlet end of the unit of FIG. 1;

[0031] FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a main cylinder tumbling unit taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 1;

[0032] FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a modified dual cylinder tumbling unit of this invention, taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1;

[0033] FIG. 5 is a plan view taken along the center of the tumbling unit of FIG. 1, showing the entrance vane and contoured rifling liner segments of the main cylinder;

[0034] FIG. 6 is a plan view of the entrance vane of the tumbling unit of this invention;

[0035] FIG. 7 is a sectional view looking towards the inlet end showing the entrance vane of this invention;

[0036] FIG. 8 provides a plan view of the entrance vane and its various angled sides;

[0037] FIG. 9 provides a view of a plurality of liner segments showing a double contoured rifling formed centrally of each of the shown liner segments;

[0038] FIG. 10 is a view of a plurality of a the liner segments showing the contoured rifling having only one contoured surface on a side of each shown rifling;

[0039] FIG. 11 is a view of a plurality of liner segments showing the multi-contoured rifling of greater angular slant being formed centrally of each of the shown segments;

[0040] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a liner segment showing the contoured rifling formed on its upper surface;

[0041] FIG. 13 shows a liner segment where one half of each contoured rifling is integrally formed at each side edge of the shown segments;

[0042] FIG. 14 is an end view of the contoured rifling shown in FIG. 11;

[0043] FIG. 15 is an end view of the contoured rifling shown in FIG. 10; and

[0044] FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a liner segment having contoured rifling providing upon the inner surface and a contoured vane provided upon its outer surface, which when the liner segments are assembled into the formation of the inner cylinder, the contoured vanes locate intermediate the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the unit.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0045] The concept of this invention, as previously summarized, is generally the provision of various machines that process castings, products, or other components, generally to provide for their cleaning, such as for the removal of mold sand from castings, at the foundry, the cleaning and reclaiming of mold sand in preparation for further usage, or for processing slag, dross, other metal pieces, as known in the art. The applicants herein have obtained a variety of patents upon their significant innovations in this particular art, and these types of machines can be seen in the various patents to Didion, as reviewed in the Background of the Invention. These machines are substantially large, they can be anywhere from 15 to 70 feet long, 4 to 14 feet in diameter, and when operated, normally run continuously, to attain the results as previously described.

[0046] An example of one such machine is shown in FIG. 1, wherein there is shown a sand reclaiming drum 1 as known in the art. This particular drum includes its main cylinder, as at 2, and has a fines or dust collector, as at 3, at its front end, as noted. It operates upon a base 4 and has a series of roller bearings, as at 5, to accommodate its rotation. A motor is normally contained at 6, to attain rotation of the cylinder 2.

[0047] As well known in the prior art, the operation of these machines normally is in a singular direction of rotation, usually clockwise, continuously, as stated, until the components would wear out, such as the cylinder or liner segments contained within the cylinder 2, at which time these components would require repair or replacement. But, the essence of this invention is that the various rifling, vanes, and other components that process the castings within the cylinder are formed and adapted for allowing the processing of product when the cylinder is rotated even in the opposite direction, such as a counterclockwise direction, and therein provides for a double time usage in the operations of the machine, so that when it appears that the machine may be wearing out when rotated in one direction, it simply can be rotated in the opposite direction, and extend the useful life of operation of the machine for twice the time. Hence, it can be seen that this machine, of the new design, when operated for cleaning product, can be rotated in a clockwise direction for some time, and then reversed and continued to be operated in the counterclockwise direction, and these may be alternated in usage until such time as it appears that the cylinder or liner segments are uniformly wearing out, and at that time, and require replacement. Thus, the life of operation of the machine is doubled, which is of real benefit and cost savings to the user, and delays necessary repairs, until a much later time.

[0048] FIG. 2 provides an inlet end view of the unit as disclosed in FIG. 1.

[0049] The invention herein, generally, can be seen in FIG. 3. The cylinder 2 contains a series of liner segments 7, which when assembled circumferential interior within the cylinder 2, form an interior cylinder having a series of integral rifling 8 therein, and as will be subsequently described, it can be seen that these rifling have sloped surfaces, as at 9 and 10, as will be subsequently analyzed, and these rifling are provided for tumbling, moving, and generally processing any castings, sand, or products that are introduced through the inlet end of the tumbling unit, in preparation for their further processing. The various lateral faces 9 and 10 are unique to the operations of this device, and will be subsequently analyzed in greater detail, as to how they are formed, what type of contours the sides of the rifling may have, in order to achieve their intended purposes. Nevertheless, as can be generalized upon reviewing FIG. 3, since the rifling appears to be of uniform construction to either side, or having a particular slanted design, it can be understood that the tumbling unit can be turned in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, for processing of the castings and other products located within the tumbling unit during its operations.

[0050] Obviously, while the rifling is shown as being formed upon the liner segments 7, it is likely that these rifling could be otherwise attached, or welded to the interior of the main cylinder 2, and still function in the manner as described for the operations of this invention. But, in the preferred embodiment, generally the rifling will be formed integrally upon liner segments, so that when there is a wear out of these components, the liner segments can be replaced, as has been known in the art, and as can be determined from review of the prior Didion patents as described herein.

[0051] The concept of the invention can also be used with dual or multi-cylindered tumbling units. FIG. 4 shows a dual chamber, wherein the main cylinder 11, which can be formed of various liner segments 12, as previously reviewed, in this particular instance, forms the inner cylinder for the tumbling unit 13. Then, an outer cylinder 14 holds the liner segments 12 in position, within the outer cylinder 14, and these liner segments not only include the inner rifling 15 as previously described, but further is formed having the contoured vanes 16 that when the inner cylinder is formed, they rest upon the interior of the outer cylinder 14, in their assembly. Hence, product that is delivered through the inlet end 2 of the unit will be processed and cleaned within the inner cylinder 11, through the tumbling action achieved through its rotation, and when the castings encounter the rifling 15, such can either move the castings along the cylinder, during its operation, or move the castings in an opposite direction, or simply stationarily tumble the castings usually at the mid point of the tumbling unit, during its operations.

[0052] As will be subsequently shown, the tumbling unit, particularly within its interior, may have various sections along its length. One section may provide for initial tumbling of the castings, as they enter into the tumbling unit, a midsection may have more stationary type of rifling, that tumbles the castings in place, but does not significantly move them along the tumbling unit, and then the end section of the cylinder 2 or 11 may either further tumble the castings, to provide them with a final cleansing, or the rifling may be oriented to move the castings out of the tumbling unit, or the rifling may be contoured to move the castings back into the midsection of the unit, for further tumbling and their cleaning. These are just examples of the versatility of the structure of the fabricated tumbling unit, and how it may be multi-operational to process that type of castings, products, or sand that are being processed at the customer's plant, and which can further be operated in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, to enhance the useful life of the tumbling unit, over its lengthy continuous operations.

[0053] To provide further details relating to the formation of the various rifling 8 and 15 of this invention, reference is made to FIG. 5. As can be noted, each liner segment 7 has at least an integral rifling 8 provided thereon, and which extends interiorly of the cylinder 2. As can be seen, each of these rifling has a sloped lateral surface, as at 15 and 16, which are contoured angulating inwardly, towards the outlet end 17 of the formed cylinder. As noted, the angle of inclination of these rifling contoured surfaces 15 and 16, at the second section of the cylinder are angled inwardly, approximately 7 each, in their formation. Thus, any castings or products deposited into the inlet end of the tumbling cylinder, will gradually be moved to the right, further inwardly of the formed cylinder, and towards its outlet end 17. This is regardless whether the cylinder is rotated in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction of rotation.

[0054] As then can be seen in section 3 of the cylinder, which is the midpoint section of the cylinder, each liner segment 18 has an integral rifling 19 provided thereon. But as can be seen, the contoured sides of these riflings, as noted at 20 and 21, have different slopes. The surface or side 20 is straight, and does not incline with respect to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The opposite side 21 is formed at the same angle of 7, and thus, as can be noted, for this midsection or section 3 of the tumbling unit, when the unit is rotated in a clockwise direction, the side 20 of each rifling, which has no contour to it, will simply tumble the castings or product continuously in place within this central section of the cylinder, during its operations in that direction of rotation. But, should the cylinder be reversed in its rotation, or turned in a counterclockwise direction, then the castings will encounter the sloped sides 21 of the rifling within this midsection of the cylinder, and have a slow flow rate towards the outlet end 17 of the tumbling unit. Thus, if the operators know that the castings need substantial tumbling to provide for their cleansing, then he/she will rotate the cylinder for some time in the clockwise direction of rotation. And, when they believe that the castings are sufficiently cleaned, they simply can reverse the rotation of the cylinder, into a counterclockwise direction of rotation, in order to urge the castings down stream of the cylinder and towards the outlet end 17.

[0055] As can be seen in what is identified as the section 4, or end section of the cylinder, there are likewise a series of liner segments 22 provided. The rifling provided at this section, as seen at 23, have additional sloped contours 24 and 25, as noted. In this instance, since these contours are approximately 7 off the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, when the unit is rotated in a clockwise direction, the castings will encounter the contoured side edge 24 of the shown rifling. In this instance, the castings will be moved back towards the center section 3, of the cylinder, for further tumbling therein. But, when the cylinder is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, the castings will encounter these contoured surface 25 of the rifling, and be urged towards the outlet end 17 of the unit, for completion of their tumbling process.

[0056] Thus, as can be readily understood, it can be seen how the control of movement of the castings or products being cleaned through the tumbling unit can be regulated by the surface contour of the various riflings provided therein when the interior of the cylinder is formed from the plurality of liner segments 7, 18, and 22. Obviously, the degree of contour of the sides of each of these rifling can be at any angle as required by the manufacturer in the usage of the tumbling unit within the plant. These contours may be at any select degrees, whether it be at a 0, as noted for the lateral contour 20 for the rifling at the midsection of the cylinder, or at a 7 slant, as noted at 15 and 16 for the intake section, or section 2 of the cylinder, or may have slope as noted for the sides 24 and 25, of the rifling, as previously explained. These slopes may be at any angle, whether it be at 5, 10, or 15 degrees off the longitudinal axis, in order to attain the required volume-metric flow of the castings, the amount of time that it is desired to have the castings remain in the tumbling unit, in order to achieve the degree of cleansing as desired. The particular slope and configuration for the rifling, and for that matter, the integral vanes provided upon the outer surface of the liner segments, will be analyzed in greater detail subsequently.

[0057] FIGS. 9, 10, and 11 provide a slightly enlarged views of the various liner segments, such as for the section 2, section 3, and section 4 for the formed cylinder, and how there are various contoured side surfaces for each of the rifling, for the purposes as previously described. In FIG. 11, it can be seen that the contour of the rifling, along the lateral side edges, are to a greater degree, and in this particular instance may be as great as 15 on each side, such as at the outlet end of the cylinder, in order to provided for an aggressive push of the cleaned castings or product from the tumbling unit, after completion of a tumbling cycle. Obviously, these various types of liner segments, with their contoured rifling, could be located at various sections within the formed cylinder, depending upon the speed at which the castings are desired to be moved through the tumbling unit, during their processing. As can further be seen, and as noted in prior Didion patents, these liner segments are inter-connectable together, usually staggered in their connected relationship, through the usage of various tongues 26 and grooves 27, when the liner segments are inter-fitted together, to form a circumferential liner within the main cylinder for the tumbling unit.

[0058] As can also be seen in FIG. 5, there is an entrance vane, as at 28, provided at the inlet end 2 of the cylinder of the tumbling unit. The purpose of this entrance vane is to provide for, in addition, a controlled movement of castings or other products to be cleaned into the tumbling unit initially. As noted, and as further can been in FIGS. 6-8, the entrance vane 28 also has a pair of contoured edges 29 and 30. The contour 29 is at an approximate 65 pitch, such that when the cylinder is rotated in a clockwise direction, it provides for an accelerated flow of the castings into the main cylinder of the tumbling unit. Obviously, this degree of pitch can be to any angle, anywhere between 30-75 degrees off of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, in order to provide for that quick flow of the castings into the unit for processing. The opposite contoured edge 30 may be at a lesser degree of slope, off of the longitudinal axis, and while it is shown at an approximate 15 angle, it also could be of a lesser angle, or greater, to provide for a slower urging of castings into the cylinder, which once again depends upon the capacity that the tumbling unit can process, at any given time, and how fast the castings need to be urged into the cylinder, for a cleaning operation. Thus, when the unit is turned in a clockwise direction of rotation, then the surface 30 acts upon the entering castings, and urges them at a lower volume and slower pace into the tumbling unit, during its functioning. The degree of slant for the surface 30 could be, more or less, below 5 to 20. These FIGS. 6-8 show the location of the entrance vane 28 at the inlet end for the main cylinder of the tumbling unit.

[0059] FIG. 12 discloses a liner segment 31 and as can be seen, these segments are similar to that as shown at 7, 18, and 22, and which form the interior surface of the main cylinder 2 of the unit. The contoured vane, as at 32, is integrally formed upon the outer surface of the segment 31, and contoured rifling 33 are provided upon the inner surfaces of the liner segments. Just like the contoured rifling 33, the vanes 32 may likewise have continuous angles upon their length, when these vanes are arranged intermediate the formed inner cylinder 2, and the outer cylinder 14, as shown in FIG. 4, for the dual cylindered tumbling unit. In this instance, the rifling and vanes are provided, and integrally cast, or fabricated upon the inner and outer surfaces of the shown liner segment 31. As also noted, there are the plurality of perforations 34 formed through each liner segment, particularly when a dual cylindered unit is being formed, so that the sand, debris, and other fines can fall through the liner segments, and into the outer cylinder, to be moved by the vanes 32, either towards the entrance end, or the outlet end, of the tumbling unit, for collection or disposal.

[0060] FIG. 13 shows the type of liner segment 35 that can be used for forming the singular cylinder 2 of the tumbling unit. Once again, the interiorly extending rifling can be located at the midpoint or ends of the liner segments, as noted in FIG. 12, or one half of each liner segment can be formed, as at 36, at each end edge of the segment 35, so that when a series of liner segments are assembled together, in a circumferential pattern, to form the interior of the cylinder 2, the complimentary half of the rifling of the adjacent liner segments will form a complete rifling, to function in the manner as described for the various liner segments as shown an explained for FIG. 5.

[0061] FIG. 14 shows a style of liner segment 44 for forming the inner lining of the cylinder 2, wherein the rifling 45 extends inwardly, generally at the midpoint of the shown segment 44. And, the intake end of the rifling, as at 46, is wider than the outlet end 47, so at to provide the degree of slope longitudinally, as previously explained, with respect to the contoured side 46 to 47 of the liner segment 44. Thus, there is a degree of slope, in this particular instance, as shown in FIG. 14, that extends from the inlet side to the outlet edge of the shown rifling, at the degrees selected when the liner segments are cast, in order to provide that degree of movement, speed of flow, and volumetric capacity for processing of castings within the tumbling unit, during its functioning. These may be the type of rifling as explained in FIG. 9, and as shown in section 2 of FIG. 5, for the assembled liner segments.

[0062] FIG. 15 shows the type of rifling, as at 48, formed upon the inner surface of the liner segment 49, and in this instance, this comprises the style of rifling as explained in FIG. 10, and as shown in the midsection 3 of the main cylinder as disclosed in FIG. 5. In this instance, one side of the rifling may be straight, as at 50, so as to simply tumble the castings as the cylinder is rotated in a clockwise direction, but the opposite side surface 51, will have an angulated contour, sloping towards the outlet end of the cylinder, so as to move the castings towards that end of the cylinder when it is rotated in a counterclockwise direction of movement.

[0063] FIG. 16 shows a further variation upon a liner segment, similar to the liner segment 31, which forms the inner cylinder for the shake-out unit. It will have upon its inner surface integrally formed the rifling 33, as previously described, and which may have a contour, upon each side, along its length, somewhere between 0 to 15 degrees, or more, of slope. The slope is primarily along the length, in order to induce the metallics to be urged towards the outlet end of the unit, during application. But, in this instance, there will be a similar formed vane 37 integrally formed upon its intended outer surface, and that particular vane will have a similar shape., and be contoured as previously explained, along its length, just as the rifling 33 formed upon its inner surface of the liner segment 31. Thus, when the liner segments are formed into the inner cylinder or shell for the shake-out or sand reclaimer, a series of these outer vanes 37 will likewise be provided, for urging the sand or oxides in a particular longitudinal direction, at a specified quantity and capacity as desired by the operator, depending upon the direction of rotation of the unit, during its application and usage.

[0064] The foregoing are examples of the various designed configurations for the rifling, the vanes, the inlet vanes, for the tumbling unit of this invention. These specific degrees of slope particularly to the sides of the rifling, or the intermediate vanes, between cylinders, can be to various other angulated degrees, along the longitudinal axis of the unit, as previously explained, in order to provided for a controlled cleaning of the castings, metallics, products, or other elements to be cleaned within the tumbling unit. Obviously, other degrees of slope, along the longitudinal axis, for these components, may be designed into the tumbling unit, as may be determined most feasible for usage for the operations of the tumbling unit for the particular customer involved.

[0065] Variations or modifications to the subject matter of this invention may occur to those skilled in the art upon review of the disclosure as provided herein. Such variations, if within the spirit of this invention, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of any claims to patent protection issuing hereon. The description of the invention in the preferred embodiment, and its depiction within the drawings, are primarily set forth for illustrative purposes only.