System for detecting the status of a window or door assembly

Abstract

A system for detecting the position of at least one moveable element of a window or door, the system comprising: at least one sensor for sensing a magnetic field, the at least one sensor being configured such that the magnetic field sensed changes as said moveable element moves; and a processor configured to receive output signals associated with the sensed magnetic field and to determine the position of said moveable element; wherein the system is configured to operate in a calibration mode and a normal mode, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register at least an output value from said sensor when said moveable element is at a first predetermined position as a corresponding first reference value and wherein in the normal mode the processor means is configured to use the first reference value in determining the position of the at least one moveable element.

Claims

1. A system for detecting the position of at least one moveable element of a window or door assembly, the window or door assembly having a leaf and a frame, the leaf being moveable relative to the frame between a closed position and an open position, the window or door assembly having a latch mechanism moveable between a secured configuration and an unsecured configuration to allow opening and closing of the leaf, said moveable element moving relative to a reference structure and relative to the leaf during operation of the latch mechanism, the moveable element being mounted to the leaf such that the moveable element moves with the leaf when the leaf is moved between the leaf's open and closed positions, the system comprising: at least one magnetic field generator; at least one sensor for sensing a magnetic field, the at least one sensor being configured such that the magnetic field sensed changes as the at least one moveable element moves, one of said magnetic field generator and sensor being mounted to the moveable element in use and the other being mounted to a reference structure that the moveable element is moveable relative to, the at least one sensor comprising a three axis magnetometer that is able to detect the position of the magnetic field generator in three coordinate axes; the moveable element moving in three coordinate axes as the leaf moves between the leaf's closed and open positions and the latch mechanism moves between its secured and unsecured configurations; and the system further comprising a processor means configured to receive output signals associated with the sensed magnetic field from the sensor and to determine the position of the at least one moveable element, such that the position of the moveable element can be determined in order to determine both the position of the leaf and whether the latch mechanism is in a secured or an unsecured configuration; wherein the system is configured to operate in a calibration mode and a normal mode, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register at least an output value from the at least one sensor when the at least one moveable element is at a first predetermined position as a corresponding first reference value and wherein in the normal mode the processor means is configured to use at least the first reference value in determining the position of the at least one moveable element.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the system includes memory for storing output values provided by the at least one sensor.

3. A system according to claim 1, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register an output from the at least one sensor when the leaf is at the closed position.

4. A system according to claim 3, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register an output value from the at least one sensor when the leaf is at a slightly open or night vent position.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a handle assembly to allow opening and closing of the leaf, the handle assembly comprising a handle casing from which extends a handle grip wherein one of the at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor is mounted within the handle casing and the other of the at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor is mounted to the reference structure.

6. A system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one moveable element is configured to move upon movement of a handle that is moveable between open and closed positions to allow opening and closing of a leaf of the window or door.

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein the system further comprises a locking mechanism having a lock drive assembly that can be driven between a locked position and an unlocked position, one of said at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor being mounted to the lock drive assembly in use and the other being mounted to the reference structure in use.

8. A system according to claim 7, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register an output from the at least one sensor when the lock drive assembly is in a locked position.

9. A system according to claim 7, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register an output from the at least one sensor when the lock drive assembly is in an unlocked position.

10. A system according to claim 1, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register a first output from the at least one sensor when the leaf is in the closed position and when the latch mechanism is in the unsecured configuration and a second output from the at least one sensor when the leaf is in the closed position and the latch mechanism is in the secured configuration.

11. A system according to claim 10, wherein the latch mechanism is operated using a handle assembly having a handle grip, the handle grip being moveable between a closed position, in which the latch mechanism is in its secured configuration, and an open position, in which the latch mechanism is in its unsecured configuration, and wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register a first output from the at least one sensor when the leaf is in the closed position and the handle is in the open position and a second output from the at least one sensor when the leaf is in the closed position and the handle is in the closed position.

12. A system according claim 1, wherein one of the at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor is configured for mounting to the leaf, the processor means being configured to determine a position of the moveable element relative to the reference structure, at least when the leaf is in the closed position, and the processor means also being configured to determine a position of the leaf relative to the frame.

13. A system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one moveable element which moves during operation of the latch mechanism is a handle for actuating the latch mechanism, the handle having a handle grip which is mountable pivotally via a pivot axis to the leaf or frame such that the handle grip can be rotated about the pivot axis between a closed position and an open position, one of said at least one magnetic field generator and sensor being configured for mounting to the handle grip in use.

14. A system according to claim 13, the handle assembly further comprising a spindle connected to the handle grip such that as the handle grip is rotated, the spindle rotates, the handle assembly further comprising a cam and a cam follower, the cam being mounted around the spindle in use such that as the spindle rotates, the cam rotates, wherein the cam follower is moveable due to rotation of the cam, the cam follower comprising or having mounted thereto either said magnetic field generator or said sensor.

15. A system according to claim 1, wherein one of said at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor is configured for mounting to a locking drive rail of a locking mechanism that is part of the latch mechanism and the other of said at least one magnetic field generator and at least one sensor is configured for mounting to the reference structure in use.

16. A system according to claim 1, wherein said at least one moveable element which moves during operation of the latch mechanism is a holding means, the holding means being moveable between a secured position and an unsecured position, one of said at least one magnetic field generator and sensor being configured for mounting to the holding means in use.

17. A system according to claim 16, wherein said holding means is adapted for cooperating with a keep in use to secure the leaf to the frame.

18. A system according to claim 16, wherein said holding means is a locking bolt for cooperating with a keep in use to secure the leaf to the frame.

19. A system for detecting the position of at least one moveable element of a window or door assembly, the window or door assembly having a leaf and a frame, the leaf being moveable relative to the frame between a closed position and an open position, the window or door assembly having a latch mechanism moveable between a secured configuration and an unsecured configuration to allow opening and closing of the leaf, said moveable element moving relative to a reference structure and relative to the leaf during operation of the latch mechanism, the moveable element being mounted to the leaf such that the moveable element moves with the leaf when the leaf is moved between open and closed positions, the system comprising: at least one magnetic field generator; at least one sensor for sensing a magnetic field, the at least one sensor being configured such that the magnetic field sensed changes as the at least one moveable element moves, one of said magnetic field generator and sensor being mounted to the moveable element in use and the other being mounted to a reference structure that the moveable element is moveable relative to, the at least one sensor comprising a three axis magnetometer that is able to detect the position of the magnetic field generator in three coordinate axes, wherein the moveable element of the window or door assembly that said magnetic field generator or sensor is mounted to is selected from one of a handle, latch means, a locking bolt, and a locking drive rail; the moveable element moving in three coordinate axes as the leaf moves between its closed and open positions and the latch mechanism moves between its secured and unsecured configurations; and the system further comprising processor means configured to receive output signals associated with the sensed magnetic field from the sensor and to determine the position of the at least one moveable element, such that the position of the moveable element can be determined in order to determine both the position of the leaf and whether the latch mechanism is in its secured or unsecured configuration; wherein the system is configured to operate in a calibration mode and a normal mode, wherein in the calibration mode the system is configured to register at least an output value from the at least one sensor when the at least one moveable element is at a first predetermined position as a corresponding first reference value and wherein in the normal mode the processor means is configured to use at least the first reference value in determining the position of the at least one moveable element.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an exploded internal perspective of a door handle assembly according to an embodiment of the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 shows an exploded external perspective view of the door handle assembly of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows an exploded internal perspective view of the handle assembly of FIG. 1 including an improved cylinder lock;

(5) FIG. 4 shows an exploded external perspective view of the handle assembly of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5A shows a view of the handle assembly mounted on a door, the door being in the closed position;

(7) FIG. 5B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 5B, the door being in an open position;

(8) FIG. 6A shows the handle assembly of FIG. 1 mounted on a door, the door being in the closed position, and the cylinder lock with electronic lock status indicating means shown exploded from the handle assembly for ease of viewing;

(9) FIG. 6B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 6A mounted on a door, the door being in an open position;

(10) FIG. 7A shows the handle assembly of FIG. 6A from the internal side, the casing of the handle assembly shown partially cut away to reveal the cylinder lock and electronic lock status indicating means;

(11) FIG. 7B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 7A from the external side, the back plate of the handle assembly shown partially cut away;

(12) FIG. 8A shows the cylinder lock and electronic lock status indicating means of the assembly of FIG. 6A from an internal side;

(13) FIG. 8B shows the cylinder lock and electronic lock status indicating means of FIG. 8A but from the external side;

(14) FIG. 9A shows the cylinder lock and electronic lock status indicating means of the assembly of FIG. 6A from the internal side, with the second cam of the cylinder lock in a first position;

(15) FIG. 9B shows the apparatus shown in FIG. 9A but with the second cam of the cylinder lock moving to a second position;

(16) FIG. 9C shows the apparatus shown in FIG. 9A but with the second cam of the cylinder lock in a second position;

(17) FIG. 10A shows a view of a handle assembly mounted on a door, the door being in the closed position, the handle assembly being like that of FIG. 5A but the handle casing has a magnet built into it;

(18) FIG. 10B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 10A, the door being in an open position;

(19) FIG. 11A shows a view of a handle assembly mounted on a door, the door being in the closed position, the handle assembly being like that of FIG. 5A but with a magnet mounted to the frame and a sensor unit mounted to the door;

(20) FIG. 11B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 11A, the door being in an open position;

(21) FIG. 12A shows a handle assembly mounted on a door in a closed position and the options for arrangement of a magnet and corresponding sensor, the handle casing shown with a magnet built into it and a sensor mounted on the door jamb adjacent to the magnet and showing above a magnet mounted on the door jamb and a sensor unit mounted adjacent to it on the door as an alternative option;

(22) FIG. 12B shows the handle assembly of FIG. 12A, the door being in an open position;

(23) FIG. 13A shows an exploded perspective view of a sensor unit and magnet housing;

(24) FIG. 13B shows a front view of the sensor unit and magnet housing;

(25) FIG. 14A shows an exploded perspective view of the magnet housing;

(26) FIG. 14B shows a front view of the magnet housing;

(27) FIG. 15A shows an espagnolette assembly mounted on a window sash, the handle in an open position;

(28) FIG. 15B shows the assembly of FIG. 15A with the handle in a closed position and also shows part of the window frame and sensor unit exploded from it;

(29) FIG. 16A shows the assembly of FIG. 15A mounted on a window sash, the handle in a closed position;

(30) FIG. 16B shows the assembly of FIG. 16A with the handle in a closed position and a magnet and drive pin exploded from the sash and also shows part of the window frame and sensor unit exploded from it;

(31) FIG. 17 shows the assembly of FIG. 16A with the handle in an open position and the sensor unit, magnet, drive pin and block exploded;

(32) FIG. 18 shows the assembly of FIG. 17 with the handle in a closed position;

(33) FIG. 19A shows an exploded perspective view from the external side of handle assembly with child security latch;

(34) FIG. 19B shows a close-up view of the stop member of the assembly of FIG. 19A;

(35) FIG. 19C shows a rear view of an alternative handle assembly embodiment with child security latch;

(36) FIG. 20A shows a back view of the handle assembly of FIG. 19A, the handle assembly shown non-exploded and with the handle in a closed position;

(37) FIG. 20B shows a front view of the handle assembly of FIG. 20A;

(38) FIG. 20C shows a back view of the handle assembly of FIG. 20A with the handle in an open position;

(39) FIG. 20D shows a front view of the handle assembly of FIG. 20C;

(40) FIG. 20E shows a cross-sectional view of the handle assembly of FIG. 20A with the push button undepressed;

(41) FIG. 20F shows a cross-sectional view of the handle assembly of FIG. 20A with the push button depressed;

(42) FIG. 21 shows a perspective exploded view of a handle assembly with cylinder lock and a lock status indicator means;

(43) FIG. 22A shows a front view of the handle assembly of FIG. 21 from the internal side mounted to a door with the door in a closed position and with the cylinder lock in a locked state;

(44) FIG. 22B shows the assembly of FIG. 22A but with the cylinder lock in an unlocked state;

(45) FIG. 22C shows the assembly of FIG. 22B but with the door in an open position;

(46) FIG. 23A shows a front view of the handle assembly of FIG. 21 from the internal side with the handle casing partially cut away to reveal the cylinder lock and lock status indicating means with the cylinder lock in an unlocked state;

(47) FIG. 23B shows a back view of the handle assembly of FIG. 23A with the cylinder lock in a locked state;

(48) FIG. 23C shows a back view of the handle assembly of FIG. 23A with the cylinder lock in an unlocked state;

(49) FIG. 23D shows a partial view of the assembly of FIG. 23A with the cylinder lock in an unlocked state;

(50) FIG. 23E shows the assembly of FIG. 23E with the cylinder lock in a locked state;

(51) FIG. 24 shows a perspective exploded view of an espagnolette assembly for a window having an anti-skip block, magnet and drive pin mountable to the locking drive rail;

(52) FIG. 25 shows an exploded view of the cylinder lock of the assembly of FIG. 3;

(53) FIG. 26 shows an espagnolette assembly exploded from a sash and frame with a drive pin and associated switch;

(54) FIG. 27 shows an espagnolette assembly like that of FIG. 26 but with an alternative type of switch;

(55) FIG. 28A shows a diagrammatic side view of a sensor unit for mounting to a uPVC window or door, showing the housing cut away to reveal the PCB and a front view of the PCB is also shown;

(56) FIG. 28B shows a rear view of an espagnolette handle with cam and cam follower in a closed position with a cover plate exploded from it;

(57) FIG. 28C shows an unexploded rear view of the espagnolette handle of FIG. 28B with the handle in an open position;

(58) FIG. 29A shows a basic flow diagram illustrating a method for calibrating a detection system;

(59) FIG. 29B shows a more detailed flow diagram illustrating a method for calibrating a detection system;

(60) FIG. 29C is a functional block diagram showing some of the elements of the detection system

(61) FIG. 30A shows a locking assembly including a handle assembly and lock mechanism which has an improved locking bolt, the locking assembly being mounted on door, the lock mechanism being in a secured configuration;

(62) FIG. 30B shows the locking assembly of FIG. 30A with the lock mechanism in an unsecured configuration;

(63) FIG. 31A shows a locking assembly mounted on a door, the locking assembly including a handle assembly and lock mechanism like that of FIGS. 30A and 30B but with an improved keep, the lock mechanism being in an unsecured configuration;

(64) FIG. 31B shows the locking assembly of FIG. 31A with the lock mechanism in a secured configuration;

(65) FIG. 32A shows the locking assembly of FIG. 31A unmounted, with certain parts exploded and with the keep visible, the lock mechanism being in an unsecured configuration;

(66) FIG. 32B shows the locking assembly of FIG. 32A with the lock mechanism in a secured configuration;

(67) FIG. 33A shows a partial cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 31A from one side of the door, with the keep in cross-section and part of the switch shown enlarged, the lock mechanism being in an unsecured configuration;

(68) FIG. 33B shows the assembly of FIG. 33A, the lock mechanism being in a secured configuration;

(69) FIG. 34A shows the assembly of FIG. 33A with part of the switch shown further enlarged;

(70) FIG. 34B shows the assembly of FIG. 33B with part of the switch shown further enlarged.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(71) The present embodiments represent currently the best ways known to the applicant of putting the invention into practice. But they are not the only ways in which this can be achieved. They are illustrated, and they will now be described, by way of example only. Common features between the assemblies of the different figures are referenced by common reference numerals.

(72) Calibration Mode

(73) Referring to various of the figures, a system for detecting the position of a moveable element of a door or window will be described. The system in FIG. 1 includes a handle assembly 10, shown in exploded form in FIG. 1, and a magnet housing 30 shown to the side in FIG. 1, the magnet housing 30 containing a magnet (not visible in FIG. 1). The primary elements which interact to allow determination of the position of the leaf are the magnet in the housing 30 and a magnetometer 22 on a sensor unit 20 comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) which is housed within the handle assembly 10 in use.

(74) Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the system is shown in use with the handle assembly 10 mounted to a door leaf 12 and the magnet housing 30 is shown mounted to the door frame 11. The leaf 12 is moveable relative to the frame 12 between closed and open positions. The magnet housing 30 is mounted such that it is adjacent to the handle assembly 10 when the leaf is closed. FIG. 13 shows the magnet housing 30 exploded from the magnet 31 it houses. In this embodiment the housing 30 is in the form of a cover for the magnet 31, with the magnet to be housed between the housing 30 and the frame 11, however in other embodiments the housing 30 may fully encompass the magnet 31, or the magnet 31 may be configured to mount directly to the frame 11. The magnetometer 22 in the handle assembly 10 senses the magnetic field generated by the magnet in the housing 30 and uses this detection as a basis for determining the position of the leaf relative to the frame.

(75) The system is configured to operate in a calibration mode and a normal mode. The system is operated in calibration mode initially when setting up the system. FIG. 29A is a basic diagram illustrating the basic initial steps for calibrating the system. For the sake of simplicity, the calibration mode will be explained in relation to calibration for detection of the position of a door or window leaf, however it will be understood that the detection system can be calibrated and used to detect the position of any moveable element of a window or door, such as a handle or a locking device, such as a locking drive rail. At 300, in order to calibrate the system the user places the system into calibration mode by providing a signal to a processor 24 using a user interface 23 (see also the schematic diagram in FIG. 29C). In such embodiments, the system has a user interface for providing a signal to a processor 24 within the sensor unit 20 to enter the calibration mode. Such a user interface may comprise a push button or a remote device with keypad or touchscreen etc. The system includes transmission means, preferably wireless transmission means, which in this embodiment is RF transmission means, to communicate between the user interface and the sensor unit 20. Alternatively, the calibration mode may be entered automatically after a battery is first installed and/or when the sensor unit 20 switched on for the first time. Once the system is in calibration mode, at 301 the user is prompted by the system to position the leaf in a first predetermined position, such as a closed position, or an open position, via the user interface or some other indicator means.

(76) After the user has placed the leaf in the first predetermined position, at 302 the user provides an indication to the processor 24 via the user interface 23 that the leaf has been placed into the first predetermined position. Alternatively the indication that the leaf is in the predetermined position may be automatically determined by the system by determining that the magnetic field sensed by the magnetometer has been stable for a predetermined time period. At 303, the processor 24 then records one or more properties of the magnetic field produced by the magnet 31 as sensed by the magnetometer 22 and stores at least one of the properties or values derived therefrom in a memory 25. At 304-306, after the system has registered the leaf in the first predetermined position the steps repeat in relation to a second predetermined position as shown in FIG. 29A. Registering the leaf in one or two predetermined positions may be sufficient to calibrate the system, or registration in a third or further predetermined positions may be required, in which case the steps would be repeated for the further predetermined position(s).

(77) The leaf may be moved and registered in a series of different predetermined positions as part of the process of calibrating the system. For example, a hinged leaf may be registered in the closed position, a night vent/slightly open position and a 90 degree open position etc. The processor uses the output signals recorded by the magnetometer at each predetermined position to establish calibration parameters that can then be used when the system is operating in normal mode following calibration to correlate the magnetic field output from the magnetometer when the system is in the normal mode with a known position of the leaf.

(78) After calibration, the user may cause the system to enter a normal mode via the user interface or this may occur automatically after the calibration steps have been completed. In the normal mode the processor 24 periodically determines one or more magnetic field properties sensed by the magnetometer 22 and compares it or them to the values/calibration parameters stored in the memory to determine the position of the leaf 12. The processor 24 is configured to provide an output indicating the position of the leaf 12. This output can be provided to the user via a status indicator 26 (which may be the user interface 23 for example). The output indicating the position of the leaf may be transmitted to the user interface via the wireless transmission means. The position status indicated by the system may not be an exact position, but may be a general indication or position, e.g. the system may indicate that the leaf is closed, in night-vent position or open (open being any further open than the night-vent position), an indication that the leaf is positioned within certain ranges of position and/or an indication as to which of certain discrete positions the leaf is positioned at.

(79) Referring to FIG. 1, the handle assembly 10 comprises a cover plate or handle casing 40 from which extends a handle grip or shank 41 configured to turn a spindle 42 within the handle casing 40. In this embodiment the magnetometer 22 is mounted within the handle casing 40. This aids in calibrating the system and improves tamper resistance of the system. For example, in the system of FIG. 1, the magnetometer 22 is mounted between the handle casing 40 and a back plate 94. Alternatively the magnetometer may be mounted between the handle casing 40 and the leaf.

(80) In other embodiments the magnet may be housed within the handle casing 40 and the magnetometer may be configured for mounting on the frame 11. A sensor unit 50 that may be used for mounting on the frame for embodiments in which the magnet is in the handle assembly 10 and the magnetometer is mounted to the frame is shown in FIG. 13. The sensor unit 50 comprises a sensor housing 51 comprising a base 51a and a cover 51b. The housing 51 houses a PCB 52 with magnetometer 53 (not visible in FIG. 13), processor 54, battery or batteries 55 to power the sensor unit, and RF communications unit 56. The sensor unit 50 also has a synchronise button 57 and a reset switch 58. The synchronise button 57 may be used during calibration mode. The cover 51b of the housing 51 may be hingedly connected to the base 51a so that if the cover 51b is depressed, this depresses the synchronise button 57, for example to indicate to the system that the leaf is in a predetermined position to register the leaf in that position during calibration mode. The reset button 58 may be used to reset the system, i.e. to erase the calibration settings. The reset button 58 may be activated using a pin or other thin object via a small hole 59 in the cover 51b. Referring to FIGS. 10A and 10B, the sensor unit 50 is mounted to the frame adjacent the handle assembly 10. The magnet for generating a magnetic field to be sensed by the sensor unit 50 to determine the position of the leaf 12 is housed within the handle casing of the handle assembly 10. Referring to FIGS. 1, 10A and 10B, a magnet 13, which is housed near the top of the handle casing 40 when assembled is illustrated. The magnet 13 is indicated by a rectangular outlines in FIGS. 10A and 10B, however preferably the magnet 13 would be fully mounted within the casing 40 of the handle assembly and therefore would not be visible. The magnet 13 is received in a dedicated magnet recess 21 in the handle casing 40, visible in FIG. 4.

(81) Referring to FIGS. 8A and 8B, a close-up view of the sensor unit 20 that is housed in the handle casing 40 in use is shown. The alternative sensor unit 50 for mounting to the frame in other embodiments wherein the magnet is housed in the handle 40 will include similar elements to the sensor unit 20. As well as the magnetometer 22 and processor 24, the sensor unit 20 includes a programming port 4 whereby the system is programmable. Certain parameters can be set by a user during set up of the system and input to the system using the programming port 4. For example, the system may be configured to use one or more parameters of the leaf which it is to monitor the status of. Such parameters may include a dimension of the leaf, for example for a hinged door, the dimension of the leaf from the hinged edge to the edge that engages the jamb may be used as an input parameter for the system. Input of one or more dimensions of the leaf assists in extrapolating expected output values of the magnetometer 22, 53 when the leaf is at or near a fully open position, even if the leaf was not registered at such an extent of opening during the calibration process. This means that the same system can more easily be used with different sizes of leaf. The sensor unit 20 may include an LED or other suitable means to provide any suitable visual indications to the user. Referring to FIG. 1, the sensor unit 20 is powered by a battery 15. The battery 15 is held within the assembly by a battery holder 16 and both the battery 15 and battery holder 16 are received in use in a recess 17 in an inner cover plate 40b. The sensor unit 20 (and other components of the system as will be described later) may alternatively be powered by mains power.

(82) Referring to FIG. 16B, a similar system for determining the position of a window sash is shown. It will be understood that the terms leaf and sash can be used interchangeably. The window system has a sensor unit 150 which includes a magnetometer and other components similar to the sensor unit 50 described above. The sensor unit 150 is for mounting to the window frame 111. The window system has a magnet housing 130 for mounting to the window sash 112 which houses a magnet 172. As with the door system, the magnet housing 130 and sensor unit 150 are mounted such that they are in close proximity to each other when the sash 112 is in the closed position. The magnetometer 22 in the sensor unit 150 senses the magnetic field generated by the magnet in the magnet housing 130 and uses this detection as a basis for determining the position of the sash 112 relative to the frame 111. As with the door system, the magnet and sensor can swap positions, i.e. the sensor unit 150 may be mounted to the sash 112 and the magnet housing 130 may be mounted to the frame 111. The window position detection system is configured to be calibrated similarly to the door position detection system.

(83) In prior art detection systems that use a magnet and reed switch to detect whether a window or door leaf is closed or open, it is possible to tamper with the detection system by placing a magnet in proximity to the reed switch. While the magnet is adjacent the reed switch, the reed switch will provide an output indicating that the leaf is closed, even if the leaf has been opened. In the present system, by means of the system for calibration by registering the leaf at at least one, preferably two or three different positions, this resists tampering of the kind described. The present system is finely tuned during calibration to differentiate different magnetometer readings and ascribe a corresponding leaf position to different magnetometer readings, and a benefit of the present system is that placement of a magnet near the magnetometer will not cause the system to indicate that the leaf is closed, as the system will only indicate that the leaf is closed if the magnetometer output is within a predetermined range of the output registered during calibration. The present system has improved resistance to tampering. Furthermore, as the system can be calibrated to register the magnetometer readings when the leaf is at certain predetermined positions, if a magnet is placed in proximity to the magnetometer, the magnetometer reading will not correspond to any of the expected outputs corresponding to various leaf positions and therefore the system can be configured to recognise that the system is being tampered with and to provide a warning signal indicating possible tampering with the leaf.

(84) In some embodiments the system may include a vibration sensor such as an accelerometer. The vibration sensor senses any vibration imparted to the support that the vibration sensor is mounted to and causes an alarm (e.g. an audible alarm or visual indication of some sort) to be operated if vibration over a predetermined threshold is sensed. This provides a warning of a possible intruder or tampering with the leaf.

(85) When the leaf position detection system (i.e. for a window or a door) is in normal mode, it may be configured to operate in a low power mode or a normal power mode. In the low power mode the magnetometer may cease from sensing magnetic field parameters or may sense magnetic field parameters less frequently than in the normal power mode. The system preferably includes a secondary detection system (in addition to the primary detection means for detecting the position of the leaf using the magnetometer 22, 53 and magnet 31, 13), the output of the secondary detection system being usable to determine which power mode to operate the system in: low power mode or normal power mode. The secondary detection system may detect whether the handle is closed or that the leaf latch is engaged; if so, the system can be converted to, or maintained in, the low power mode to save power. An indication of whether the handle is closed or whether the leaf latch is in a locked state is a secondary indication that the leaf is closed and therefore power can be saved by refraining from monitoring the leaf position using the magnetometer as often. If the secondary detection system detects that the handle has been opened or that the leaf latch has been moved to an unlocked state, then the secondary detection system can provide an output to the system accordingly, in response to which the system may convert to normal power mode. Various means for windows and doors will be described, which are useful as a secondary detection system and which are also useful independently as part of an overall security monitoring system.

(86) By means of the calibration mode, a system having one of a sensed element and sensor on the leaf and the other on the frame or other suitable reference structure that the leaf moves relative to, can be calibrated to determine not only whether the leaf is open or closed, but also to determine whether the leaf is secured or unsecured relative to the frame. In many door or window assemblies the leaf or frame has an elongate seal that is arranged to be compressed between the leaf and the frame when the leaf is in the closed position. When a holding means, such as a locking bolt, on the leaf or the frame is extended from an unsecured position into a secured position wherein it extends into a keep on the other of the leaf or the frame, this further compresses the seal, bringing the leaf closer to the frame. The position of the leaf relative to the reference structure changes slightly as the holding means moves between in the secured position and the unsecured position and these two different positions of the leaf can be detected using the sensed element and sensor. The system can therefore be calibrated to determine whether a latch mechanism is in a secured configuration or an unsecured configuration.

(87) In order to calibrate the system in order to determine whether a latch mechanism is in a secured configuration or an unsecured configuration, with the system in calibration mode the user is prompted by the system to position the leaf in the closed position with the latch mechanism in the unsecured configuration. Once the door or window assembly is in this configuration the user provides an indication to the processor via the user interface that the assembly has been placed into a first predetermined configuration. The processor then records one or more properties of the magnetic field produced by the magnet as sensed by the magnetometer. After the system has registered the assembly with the leaf closed and the latch mechanism in an unsecured configuration, the steps are repeated but with the leaf closed and the latch mechanism in a secured configuration. This establishes calibration parameters that can be used when the system is operating in normal mode following calibration to correlate the magnetic field output from the magnetometer when the system is in the normal mode to accurately determine the position of the leaf relative to the reference structure and therefore to determine, with the leaf closed, whether a latch mechanism is in a secured configuration or an unsecured configuration. For example, for a window assembly, the system can be calibrated to determine whether, when the window leaf is closed, the handle is open (with pins on the drive rail unsecured in their corresponding keeps) or closed (with pins on the drive rail secured in their corresponding keeps). The calibration steps can of course be carried out in a different order (i.e. registering the leaf in a secured configuration and then registering it in an unsecured configuration). By providing a system that is configured to be calibrated in this way, it is possible to determine whether the leaf is secured to the frame or not, without a separate detection system separately monitoring the means for securing the leaf to the frame.

(88) Magnet in Handle to Activate Sensor Switch

(89) Referring to FIGS. 28A-C, a handle assembly 140 is shown that incorporates a detection means for detecting whether the handle is open or closed that could be used with primary detection means for determining the position of an associated window sash and/or may be used independently for security monitoring. The handle assembly 140 comprises a handle grip 141 which is pivotally mounted to a base plate 143 via a nose portion 144. The handle grip 141 is configured to move a locking device or turn a spindle 142. The handle grip 141 includes a magnet 113 mounted to the rear side of the nose portion 144 that overlies the base plate 143 when the handle grip 141 is in the closed position. The magnetic field generated by the magnet 113 in the handle grip 141 is sensed by a magnetometer 153 in a sensor housing 150 which is mounted in a fixed position near the handle grip 141, such as on a window frame member that is near the handle assembly 140 when the sash is closed. The magnetometer 153 uses the detection of the magnetic field generated by the magnet 113 as a basis for determining whether the handle grip 141 is in a closed position or an open position. The system can be calibrated by registering the handle in open/closed positions as described above in relation to the leaf position detection system. The magnet 113 is mounted at a location distanced away from the handle pivot axis (i.e. spaced from the spindle 142) so that the magnet rotates along the path of an arc as the handle grip 141 is rotated between the closed position and an open position wherein the handle grip 141 is oriented 90 degrees to its closed position. The magnet 113 will therefore be distanced further away from the frame mounted magnetometer 153 when the handle grip is in the open position 141 than when the handle grip is in the closed position, which can be detected by the magnetometer 153 and appropriate output signals from a processor in the sensor unit 150 may be provided to indicate the status of the handle grip 141 to the user and/or as input signals as part of a broader monitoring system. Instead of locating a magnet in the handle, a magnetometer may be located in the handle and a magnet may be mounted to the frame.

(90) FIGS. 28B-C show an alternative means for detecting whether the handle grip 141 is open or closed comprising a cam 160 and cam follower 161. Typically either the cam 160 with cam follower 161 or the magnet 113 would be present in the handle assembly 140, not both, however both are shown in FIGS. 28B-C for ease of illustration. Rotation of the handle grip 141 causes linear movement of the cam follower 161. In this embodiment the cam follower 161 is a magnet. The magnetometer 153 in the sensor unit 150 mounted in proximity at a fixed position such as to the window frame can detect whether the cam follower magnet 161 is in a first position or a second position, thus the sensor unit 150 is able to provide an output indicating whether the handle grip 141 is open or closed.

(91) The cam 160 is a rotary cam mounted around the spindle 142 and within the base plate 143 such that as the spindle 142 is rotated by movement of the handle grip 141, the cam 160 rotates. The cam 160 is generally egg/pear shaped with a broad curved end and a narrow curved end. The cam 160 is mounted around the spindle 142 with its rotational axis closer to the broad curved end of the cam 160. The cam 160 has a longitudinal axis A between its broad curved end and its narrow curved end. The cam follower 161 is located adjacent to the cam 160 and the cam follower 161 projects into a linear guide channel 163 formed in a cover plate 145 that is arranged between the base plate 143 and the sash when assembled. The cam follower 161 is movable back and forth along the guide channel 163 between a first position and a second position. When the handle grip 141 is in the closed position as shown in FIG. 28B, the axis A of the cam 160 is orthogonal to a longitudinal axis B of the base plate 143 and the cam follower 161 is in a first position. As the handle grip 141 is moved into an open position, the cam 160 pushes the cam follower 161 into a second position, further away from the spindle 142 as shown in FIG. 28C, with the axis A of the cam 160 aligned with the longitudinal axis B of the base plate 143 when the handle grip 141 is in the open position. When the handle grip 141 is moved back to the closed position, the cam 160 is no longer urging the cam follower 161 into the second position, and the cam follower 161 falls back into the first position under gravity.

(92) Instead of being magnetic, the cam follower 161 may comprise a moveable magnetometer and a magnet may be mounted non-movably to the frame or sash.

(93) The magnetometer in this embodiment and in other embodiments described herein is preferably a three axis magnetometer that is able to detect the position of the corresponding magnet in three coordinate axes. The three axis magnetometer will therefore output the sensed X, Y, and Z components of the magnetic flux vector present at the magnetometer. This allows the magnetometer to detect the relative position of the magnet in two coordinate axes as the leaf is opened and closed and also in a third coordinate axis as the handle is moved. The magnetometer can sense the direction that a magnet has moved in the particular coordinate axes. Therefore, a single magnetometer can be mounted to a central frame post for example to monitor the position of magnets associated with left and right hand window handles on left and right hand windows.

(94) The magnet 113, 161 mounted to the handle assembly in the embodiments of FIGS. 28A to 28C may also be the magnet used to detect the position of the window or door leaf, since the magnet mounted to the handle moves as the leaf is opened and closed. The system can be calibrated in a similar way as described above to register certain predetermined positions for the leaf and handle to aid in determining their positions during the normal mode of the detection system. Referring to FIG. 29B, a flow diagram showing the steps of a calibration process for use with an assembly such as that of FIG. 28A, 28B or 28C is shown. Similar to the basic process shown in FIG. 29A, at 310 the system is entered into calibration mode. At 311 the user is prompted by the system to position the leaf in a first predetermined position, which in this example is a closed position. At 312 the user provides an indication to the system that the leaf is in the first predetermined position. At 313 the system then records the magnetic field properties at that first predetermined position. At 314 the user is prompted to move the handle into a predetermined position, which in this example is an open position (or alternatively if the magnet is located on a locking device on the leaf, such as those described later, rather than the handle, the user will be prompted to unlock the locking device). At 315 the user provides an indication to the system that the handle is in the open position. At 316 the system then records the magnetic field properties with the magnet at that predetermined position (with leaf closed and handle open). At 317-319, steps 311-313 are repeated for a second predetermined position for the leaf (e.g. night vent position). At 320-322, steps 311-313 are repeated for a third predetermined position for the leaf (open position). Once the system has been calibrated, the magnetometer 153 can be used to determine the position of the leaf and the status of the handle as open or closed. A similar calibration system can be used for the detection systems described below. The calibration steps would be the same for an assembly in which a sensor is mounted to the handle and a magnet is mounted to the frame.

(95) In slightly modified embodiments the system may have more than one magnet or more than one magnetometer for use in detecting the position of the leaf and the handle (or other moveable element that moves when the leaf latch is operated). For example, the system may have a first magnet mounted to a moveable part of the handle, a second magnet mounted to the frame and a magnetometer mounted to the leaf such that the magnetometer can detect relative movement between the magnetometer and the first magnet and between the magnetometer and the second magnet. Alternatively the system may have a first magnetometer mounted to a moveable part of the handle, a second magnetometer mounted to the frame and a magnet mounted to the leaf such that the magnetometers can detect relative movement between the magnet and the first magnetometer and between the magnet and the second magnetometer.

(96) Magnet in Locking Drive Rail to Activate Sensor Switch

(97) Referring to FIG. 16A, a locking assembly 110 is shown mounted to a window sash 112, the locking assembly 110 including a handle assembly 140 and a lock drive assembly for driving locking pins 171. The drive assembly comprises a faceplate 176 and a locking drive rail 170 (just visible in FIG. 16A through a slot in the faceplate 176) having locking pins 171 (in this embodiment two locking pins) connected thereto and a locking drive rail mechanism (not fully visible in FIG. 16) for driving linear movement of the locking pins 171, upon movement of the handle grip 141, to engage the locking pins 171 in corresponding catches on the window or door frame (not shown). The lock assembly 110 further comprises a sensed element and a sensor for sensing the sensed element, one of said sensed element and sensor being mounted to the locking drive rail 170 and the other being mounted to the window frame in use. In this embodiment the sensed element is a magnet 172. Referring to FIG. 16B, the sensor is a magnetometer which is mounted with other electronic components such as a battery 155 on a PCB 151 in a sensor unit 150. The sensor unit 150 is for mounting to the window frame 111. The magnet 172 is mounted to the faceplate 176 and is attached with a steel pin 173 to the locking drive rail 170. The magnet 172 is then enclosed by a housing cover plate 130 shown exploded from the magnet in FIG. 16B (or in alternative more simple embodiment the magnet 172 can be attached directly to the drive rail 170). The sensor unit 150 is mounted to the frame 111 adjacent the magnet 172.

(98) As the handle grip 141 is moved from a closed position as shown in FIG. 16A to an open position, the drive mechanism causes the locking drive rail 170 to move down relative to the sash 112 (or in alternative embodiments the mechanism may be configured to drive the locking drive rail 170 up on opening of the handle) and the magnet 172 mounted to the locking drive rail 170 therefore also moves down. The magnetometer in the sensor housing 150 senses the magnetic field generated by magnet 172 mounted to the locking drive rail. The magnetic field properties sensed by the magnetometer will differ depending on the position of the magnet 172 attached to the locking drive rail 170 and the sensed magnetic field properties can be used as a basis for determining whether the handle grip 141 is in a closed position or an open position and hence whether the or locking device 110 is in a locked or unlocked position.

(99) The assembly 110 can optionally be calibrated as described above in relation to the handle assembly 140. The assembly 110 can be used, as described above in relation to the handle assembly 140, to detect the position of not only the locking drive rail, but also of the leaf that the locking drive rail is mounted to.

(100) Magnet/Sensor in Locking Bolt

(101) Referring to FIGS. 30A and 30B, a locking assembly 410 is shown mounted in a door leaf 12, the locking assembly 410 including a handle assembly 440. The handle assembly 440 drives a sprung latch 402. The locking assembly 410 further comprises a locking mechanism 460 which drives a holding means comprising locking bolt 470. The locking bolt 470 is moveable between a locked position (i.e. a secured position) in which it extends from the edge of the door leaf 12 as shown in FIG. 30A and an unlocked position (i.e. an unsecured position) in which it is retained within a recess in the door leaf, as shown in FIG. 30B. In this embodiment, the locking mechanism 460 is operated to move the locking bolt 470 between the locked and unlocked positions by a key 403. Instead of a key operated lock locking mechanism, the locking mechanism may be operated by a thumb-turn. The locking assembly 410 comprises a faceplate 476 mounted to the edge of the door leaf 12. The faceplate 476 has apertures through which the sprung latch 402 extends when in its extended position and through which the locking bolt 470 extends when in its locked position. The locking bolt 470 is receivable in a keep on the door frame (not shown in FIGS. 30A, 30B) when the door leaf is closed and the locking bolt 470 is in its locked position.

(102) The locking assembly 410 further comprises a sensed element and a sensor for sensing the sensed element, one of said sensed element and sensor being mounted to the locking bolt 470 in use. In this embodiment the sensed element is a magnet 472 and the magnet 472 is mounted to the locking bolt 470. The sensor is a magnetometer which is mounted with other electronic components such as a battery or means for connection to a power source on a PCB in a sensor unit 450. The sensor unit 450 is for mounting to the door frame (not shown) or other suitable reference structure that the locking bolt moves relative to when it is moving between its locked and unlocked positions. The sensor unit 450 may for example be built in the door frame (i.e. hidden in the door frame) or mounted on the door frame. The locking bolt 470 has a recess shaped and sized to receive the magnet 472. In other embodiments the magnet 472 may be fully housed within (i.e. hidden) in the locking bolt 470.

(103) As the locking bolt 470 is moved from its unlocked position to its locked position, the magnet 472 also moves. The magnetometer in the sensor housing 450 senses the magnetic field generated by the magnet 472 attached to the locking bolt 470. The magnetic field properties sensed by the magnetometer will differ depending on the position of the magnet 472 attached to the locking bolt 470 and the sensed magnetic field properties can be used as a basis for determining whether the locking bolt 470 is in a locked or unlocked position. Communications means such as RF transmission means or other wireless communications means in the sensor unit 450 transmit the output from the magnetometer to a user interface and/or allow it to be used as an input signal in a wider monitoring system.

(104) The locking mechanism 460 can optionally be calibrated as described above in relation to the handle assembly 140. In other words, the system can be calibrated in a system calibration mode to register the locked and unlocked positions of the locking bolt 470 as predetermined positions for the locking bolt 470 to aid in determining their positions during the normal mode of the detection system. When the system is in calibration mode the user is prompted by the system to position the locking bolt in the locked position and is prompted to provide an indication to the system that the leaf is in the locked position. The system then records the magnetic field properties with the magnet 472 at that predetermined position. These calibration steps are also carried out with the locking bolt 470 in the unlocked position. Alternatively the calibration steps can be carried out with the locking bolt in the unlocked position first and then the locked position, as the ordering of calibration in the different predetermined positions does not matter.

(105) The magnetometer in the sensor unit can be used not only to monitor whether the locking bolt is locked or unlocked, but also to monitor the position of the leaf, since the magnet 472 on the locking bolt is carried by the leaf and will change position as the leaf is opened and closed.

(106) Magnet/Sensor in Keep

(107) Referring to FIGS. 31A to 34B, further aspects of a locking assembly of the type shown in FIGS. 30A and 30B are shown. This aspect of the invention involves keeps, also known as strike plates. These are typically plates, usually of metal, which are fixed to a door or window frame and have a hole or holes, the hole or each hole for receiving a door or window holding means such as a lock or latch, for example a bolt or a hook. When the door or window is closed, the locking or latching means extends into the hole or holes in the keep and holds the door or window leaf closed. The metal keep protects the door or window frame against friction from the locking or latching means and increases security in the case of a frame made of a softer material, such as wood.

(108) FIGS. 31A to 34B show a locking assembly 510. The locking assembly 510 includes a locking mechanism 560, which in this embodiment is driven by a key 503 (although it may be driven by other means, such as a thumb turn). The locking mechanism 560 drives a holding means comprising a locking bolt 570. The locking bolt 570 is moveable between a locked position (i.e. a secured position) in which it extends from the edge of the door leaf 12 as shown in FIG. 31B and an unlocked (i.e. an unsecured position) in which it is retained within a recess in the door leaf, as shown in FIG. 31A. The locking bolt 570 is receivable in a corresponding recess 581 in a keep 580 which is mounted in use on the door frame (the keep being visible in FIGS. 32A to 34B). The locking assembly 510 also includes a handle assembly 540. The handle assembly drives a sprung latch 502, which is receivable in a corresponding recess 582 in the keep 580.

(109) Referring to FIGS. 33A and 33B, the recess 581 in the keep 580 for receiving the locking bolt 570 has a recess housing 583 and an opening 584 arranged to face away from the frame for receiving the locking bolt 570 therein when the locking bolt 570 is in the locked position. The recess 581 has a moveable element 585 mounted therein. The moveable element 585 is a plate, which is moveable between a first position shown in FIG. 33A (an extended position) and a second position shown in FIG. 33B (a recessed position relative to the leaf edge). The plate 585 is caused to move from the first position to the second position when the locking bolt 570 moves from its unlocked to its locked position. The plate 585 is sprung mounted in the recess 581. The inside of the recess housing has a base 586 opposite the recess opening, the base 586 having first and second upstanding pins 587 extending from it (other numbers of upstanding pins may be used). Received around each pin 587 is a helical compression spring 589, the other end of each spring 589 being received in a corresponding blind bore in the plate 585. Each arrangement of a pin, blind bore and spring provides biasing means which urges the plate 585 away from the frame. The plate 585 is therefore biased towards its first position.

(110) The locking assembly 510 also includes sensing means for sensing whether the moveable element is in the first position or the second position. In a first embodiment relating to keep 580, the locking assembly 510 has a sensed element and a sensor for sensing the sensed element, one of said sensed element and sensor being mounted to the plate 585 in use. In this embodiment the sensed element is a magnet 572 and the magnet 572 is mounted to the plate 585. The sensor is a magnetometer which is mounted with other electronic components such as a battery or means for connection to a power source in a sensor unit 550, like sensor unit 450 in the previous embodiment. The sensor unit 550 may be mounted to any suitable reference structure that the plate 585 is moveable relative to, such as the door frame. The plate 585 has an outer surface 585a that faces away from the frame and an under surface 585b opposing the outer surface 585a. The magnet 572 is mounted in a recessed area 585c in the under surface 585b, although it may be mounted at any suitable location on the plate 585. The recessed area 585c is shaped and sized to receive the magnet 572. The magnet 572 may be affixed to the plate 585 using any suitable fixing means such as screw means or glue.

(111) As the locking bolt 570 is moved from its unlocked to its locked position, the locking bolt 570 pushes the plate 585 from its first position as shown in FIG. 33A to its second position as shown in FIG. 33B. The magnet 572, mounted to the plate 585, also moves. The magnetometer in the sensor unit 550 senses the magnetic field generated by the magnet 572 attached to the plate 585. The magnetic field properties sensed by the magnetometer will differ depending on the position of the magnet 572 attached to the plate 585 and the sensed magnetic field properties can be used as a basis for determining whether the plate 585 is in a locked or unlocked position. Communications means such as RF transmission means or other wireless communications means in the sensor unit 550 transmit the output from the magnetometer to a user interface and/or allow it to be used it as an input signal in a wider monitoring system.

(112) The locking mechanism 560 can optionally be calibrated as described above in relation to the locking bolt 470. In other words, the system can be calibrated in a system calibration mode to register the first and second positions of the plate 585 as predetermined positions for the plate 585 to aid in determining their positions during the normal mode of the detection system. When the system is in calibration mode the user is prompted by the system to position the locking bolt 570 in the locked position (wherein the plate 585 will be in the second position) and the user is prompted to provide an indication to the system that the leaf is in the locked configuration. The system then records the magnetic field properties with the magnet 572 at that predetermined position. These calibration steps are also carried out with the locking bolt 570 in the unlocked position and the plate 585 in the first position. The calibration steps could of course be carried out in the reverse order, with the system being registered in its unlocked configuration first, then the locked configuration.

(113) In a further embodiment relating to keep 580 also shown in FIGS. 31A to 34B, the sensing means for sensing whether the plate 585 is in the first position or second position is a switch for detecting at least one position of the moveable element. The switch 590 is shown in FIGS. 33A to 34B (although in practice only one of the magnet 572 or switch 590 would be employed to determine the position of the plate 585). The switch 590 is a push switch. The switch 590 is mounted on the base 586 of the recess housing 583. The switch 590 is activated (i.e. it completes a sensing circuit) when the plate 585 is moved to the second position, engaging the switch 590.

(114) Enlarged views of the switch 590 are shown in FIGS. 33A to 34B. Referring to FIG. 34A, the switch has first and second resilient armatures 591, 592. Each of the first and second resilient armatures is a moveable armature 591, 592. One of the armatures 591 is a positive contact and one is a negative contact for connection in a sensing circuit, the circuit including connection to a power source, such as a battery or a mains power source. The switch 590 has a body 593, the first and second resilient armatures 591, 592 being mounted thereto. Each of the armatures 591, 592 has a first portion 591a, 592a mounted to the body 593 and a free portion 591b, 592b that extends outwards from the body 593 and towards the other of the first and second armatures. The free portion 592b of the second armature 592 is longer than the free portion 591b of the first armature. The switch has a first switched state in which the armatures 591, 592 are not contacting one another, the free portion 592b of the second armature overlying the free portion 591b of the first armature, as shown in FIG. 34A. The switch has a second switch state in which the first and second armatures 591, 592 are contacting one another, as shown in FIG. 34B. The switch 590 may have a housing 594 (not shown in the enlarged views of the switch) encasing the armatures 591, 592. The under surface 585b of the plate has a recessed area 585c for contacting the switch housing 594 when the plate 585 is in the second position.

(115) As the locking bolt 570 is moved from its unlocked position to its locked position, the locking bolt 570 pushes the plate 585 from its first position as shown in FIG. 34A to its second position as shown in FIG. 34B and in turn activates switch 590 by means of the plate 585 contacting the switch 590. The plate 585 pushes at least the second armature 592, causing it to contact the first armature 591 as shown in FIG. 34B, completing the sensing circuit (if the switch has a housing encasing the armatures 591, 592, the housing allows a pushing force on the switch to be transmitted to the armatures 591, 592). The switch 590 therefore provides an output to the system indicating that the locking bolt 570 is in its locked position. When the switch 590 is unactivated, this provides an output to the system that the locking bolt is in its unlocked position. An indication of the status of the locking bolt (locked or unlocked) can therefore be provided to a display means or user interface.

(116) The sensing circuit may be associated with communication means for transmitting the output from the switch 590 as an input in a wider monitoring system.

(117) The first and second moveable armatures 591, 592 allow for the switch 590 to be activated when the plate 585 is at a range of continuous positions, to allow for variability in the location of the plate 585 when in its second position (e.g. to account for thermal expansion/contraction in the door assembly). The plate 585 may push merely the second armature 592 into contact with the first armature 591, or may push both the first and second armatures 592, 591 towards the body 593, but in both cases, if the first armature 592 is moved by a minimum amount, the first and second armatures 591, 592 will contact one another, completing the circuit, allowing for detection that the locking bolt 570 has been moved to the locked position.

(118) The keep 580 may include more than one switch 590, e.g. two switches, instead of just one switch 590. In embodiments with two switches, both switches are activated when the plate 585 is in its second position.

(119) Anti Lock and Handle Drop (SAG)

(120) The friction in the lock assembly 110 should maintain the locking drive rail 170 in its locked position, however the weight of the system may cause the locking drive rail to drop out of the locked position towards the unlocked position. The magnet 172 mounted to move with the locking drive rail 170 such that it moves up and down the faceplate 176 has a further advantage of retaining the locking drive rail 170 in the locked position via magnetic attraction between the magnet 172 and the faceplate 176 or other ferrous parts of the window system, preventing the locking drive rail 170 from dropping under gravity. The magnet 172 may therefore may be advantageously mounted to the locking drive rail 170 in a lock assembly 110 for the anti-drop effect without the use of a corresponding sensor (e.g. magnetometer) unit for sensing position of the magnet.

(121) Drive Pin to Activate Sensor Switch

(122) Alternative apparatus for determining whether a window or door leaf is open/closed or locked/unlocked will now be described.

(123) Referring to FIG. 26 the faceplate 176 of a locking assembly has a drive pin 173 mounted thereto such that it projects from the face of the faceplate 176 that faces away from the sash 112 (in FIG. 26, the drive pin 173 is shown exploded from the assembly). A switch 174 for association with the drive pin 173 is shown. In this embodiment the switch 174 is a push/rocker switch. The switch 174 is located on the sensor unit 150′ on the outer face which faces away from the frame 111 when installed on the frame. The push/rocker switch 174 is pushed into a first position when the drive pin 173 is passed over as the window or door leaf is closed, this indicates that the window or door leaf in the shut position. When the window or door leaf is pushed open the push/rocker switch moves into a second position this indicates that the window or door leaf is in the open position. RF communications in the sensor unit 150′ transmits the output to a user interface or uses it as an input signal in a wider monitoring system.

(124) Referring to FIG. 27 a further example of a switch 175 for association with the drive pin 173 is shown. In this embodiment, rather than being mounted to the faceplate 176, the drive pin 173 is mounted to the locking drive rail 170, directly or indirectly. The drive pin 173 is mounted such that it projects beyond the faceplate 176. The drive pin 173 moves up and down as the locking drive rail 170 moves up and down upon movement of the handle grip 141 between its closed and open positions. Associated with the drive pin 173 is a switch mounted to the frame 111. In this embodiment the switch 175 is a slide switch. Like the embodiment of FIG. 26, the switch 175 is located on the sensor unit 150″. The slide switch 175 is pushed into a first position when the drive pin is driven upwards and into a second position when the drive pin is driven downwards and the system operates similarly to the embodiment of FIG. 26 in that communication means in the sensor unit 150″ transmits the output to a user interface or uses it as an input signal in a wider monitoring system.

(125) Anti-Skip Block and Lock and Clip

(126) Referring to FIGS. 17 and 24, a further embodiment according to a locking assembly of invention will now be described. In this embodiment the locking drive rail 170 has a block 180 mounted to it. The block 180 has first and second ends and a longitudinal axis that aligns with the longitudinal axis of the locking drive rail 170 when assembled thereto. The block 180 is mounted between the moveable locking drive rail 170 and a face plate 176 which carries the locking drive rail 170 in use, such that the block 180 moves with the locking drive rail 170 as the locking drive rail 170 moves between its locked and unlocked positions upon rotation of the handle grip 141. The mechanism that drives the locking drive rail 170 to move linearly relative to the sash and face plate 176 comprises a rack and pinion rotary drive arrangement. The pinion 177 has a square aperture to receive the spindle 142 and has the form of a quadrant/sector of a pinion gear and carries on it a small number of large gear teeth to engage with a rack portion that is formed on an arched central region of the locking drive rail 170. The assembly has a pinion housing 179 that accommodates the pinion 177 and which is mounted non-movably relative to the sash in use.

(127) The block 180 is an anti-skip block that stabilises the assembly, preventing gear skipping/the pinion from slipping out of planar arrangement with the rack part 178 of the locking drive rail 170. The pinion housing 179 has a first end and a second end and a longitudinal axis running between which is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the locking drive rail 170 when the assembly is assembled. The pinion housing 179 has first and second male drive barbed elements 181,182 projecting from it, spaced apart from one another and pointing towards each other and aligned with the longitudinal axis of the pinion housing 179. The block 180 has corresponding first and second female recesses 183,184 disposed on the first and second ends of the block 180 respectively. Each female recess 183,184 is shaped to receive a male drive barbed element 181,182 therein. The assembly is arranged such that when the locking drive rail is in the locked position, the first recess 183 (the upper recess) on the block 180 engages the corresponding upper male element 181 on the pinion housing 179 and when the locking drive rail is in the unlocked position the second recess 184 (the lower recess) on the block 180 engages the corresponding lower make element 182 on the pinion housing 179. Engagement of the corresponding male and female elements is via the male drive barbed element being received in the corresponding recess via a snap-fit action. A small amount of additional force is needed compared to a conventional locking assembly to put the locking drive rail into the locked position or to move it out of the locked position (and similarly for the unlocked position) due to the snap fit engagement of the corresponding male and female elements on the block 180 and pinion housing 179. The user is able to feel via the handle grip 141 once the block 180 has been put into engagement with the pinion housing 179 in the locked or in the unlocked position and this provides a tactile indication to the user that the locking mechanism has been moved fully into its locked or unlocked position.

(128) Instead of having recesses in its first and second ends, the block 180 may have male barbed elements projecting longitudinally from its first and second ends, in which case the pinion housing 179 will have female recesses arranged on it to receive the male barbed elements of the block 180. Instead of having interengaging elements for engaging with corresponding elements on the block 180 disposed on the pinion housing 179, they may be disposed elsewhere on the sash or mounted to the sash in some other way. Other interengaging clips may be employed instead of male barbed elements and corresponding recesses.

(129) Euro Cylinder Smart Trigger (Manual and Electronic)

(130) Referring to FIG. 21, a cylinder lock 60 is shown. The particular cylinder lock shown in the figures is a Euro Profile cylinder, although it will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to a Euro Profile cylinder lock. The cylinder lock 60 has two ends, the longitudinal profile of the cylinder lock extending therebetween. Where the cylinder lock 60 is to be installed in an external leaf (as in the lock shown in the figures), one end 60a is an external end, to face externally when installed, and the other end 60b is an internal end, to face internally when installed. The lock cylinder 60 is part of a lock assembly for locking a leaf such as a door. This lock assembly is also part of a larger assembly which also comprises a handle grip 41 mounted to a handle casing 40. The handle casing 40 is for mounting to a door by means of suitable fixings. The handle casing 40 comprises an outer cover plate 40a and an inner cover plate 40b which is arranged between the outer cover plate 40a and the leaf when assembled. The assembly includes washers 19 suitably located behind each of the outer and inner cover plates 40a, 40b and a circlip 18 for location around the handle spindle 42. The cylinder lock 60 may be a single or double cylinder lock, as will be described later.

(131) Referring to FIG. 25, the cylinder lock 60 comprises a housing 61 which defines a first bore 62 within which is mounted a first rotatable lock driving member 63. The first rotatable lock driving member 63 is a lock drum comprising a pin tumbler locking mechanism, defining a keyhole and actuable by a key as known in the art and which will not be described further. Referring to FIG. 25, a key 14 can thereby rotate the first rotatable lock driving member 63. Instead of a key operated lock drum, the rotatable lock driving member 63 may be hand-operated, for example comprising a “thumb-turn” mechanism, as is well-known in the art.

(132) The cylinder lock has a mounting hole 65 provided in a transverse direction through the cylinder lock 60 to receive securing means, such as a bolt, to secure the cylinder lock to a leaf to which it is to be installed.

(133) The cylinder lock 60 includes a first cam 66 co-axial with and connectable to the first rotatable lock driving member 63 for rotation therewith. The first cam 66 has a generally cylindrical body 66a and has a radially projecting protrusion as a cam lever 66b. Rotation of the first rotatable lock driving member 63 causes the first cam 66 to rotate, thereby actuating a locking bolt/latch (not shown) or other locking mechanism for locking the leaf. The first cam 66 is located partway between the internal end 60b and the external end 60a of the cylinder lock 60, preferably about midway between.

(134) The cylinder lock 60 further includes a second cam 68, which is co-axial with and connected to the first rotatable lock driving member 63 such that rotation of the first rotatable lock driving member 63 drives rotation of the second cam 68. The second cam 68 has a C-shaped body portion 68a and a radially projecting protrusion 68b. The C-shaped body portion 68a of the second cam 68 is received around the first rotatable lock driving member 63 when assembled. It will be understood that the body portion 68a of the second cam 68 may be shaped other than a C-shape, but in the particular lock cylinder shown in the figures the C-shape body portion 68a allows the second cam 68 to be attachable to the first rotatable lock driving member 63 via a snap action, allowing the second cam 68 to be easily installed and removed from the cylinder lock 60, such that it can be provided as an optional feature for the lock assembly. In the particular cylinder lock shown in the figures, the second cam 68 is located between the first cam 66 and the internal end 60b of the cylinder lock, but it may be located between the first cam 66 and the external end 60a of the cylinder lock.

(135) Euro Cylinder Smart Trigger Locking Status (Manual)

(136) The second cam 68 is a lock status indicator cam adapted to be operatively associated with lock status indicating means for indicating the locked or unlocked state of the cylinder lock, as will be further described. Referring to FIG. 23A, the lock status indicating means comprises a cam follower which in this instance is an indicator slider 80 which is moveable in response to movement of the second cam 68. Referring to FIG. 21, the indicator slider 80 is slidably mounted to the inner cover plate 40b via a screw 79 or other suitable mounting means and a washer 78 is arranged between the screw 79 and the indicator slider 80. Referring to FIG. 23, the screw 91 is received in an elongate slot 83 in the indicator slider 80, such that the indicator slider 80 is slidable relative to the handle casing 40.

(137) Referring to FIGS. 23A to 23E, the indicator slider 80 has indicia 81, 82 thereon to indicate the locked or unlocked state of the cylinder lock. The indicia comprise a first indicium 81 which indicates locked status and a second indicium 82 which indicates unlocked status. In the embodiment in the figures the indicia are areas on the indicator slider of different colour, the locked indicium 81 being a dark colour and the unlocked indicium 82 being a light colour. The handle casing 40 has a viewing aperture 84 through which the locked or unlocked indicia of the indicator slider 80 are visible, depending on the lock status. The viewing aperture 84 is about the same size as each of the indicia 81, 82, so that only one indicium is visible at a time through the viewing aperture 84 when the lock is in the locked or unlocked states.

(138) The indicator slider 80 is configured to convert rotary motion of the second cam 68 to linear movement of the indicator slider 80 to switch the indicia that is visible through the viewing aperture 84, depending on the lock status. The indicator slider 80 has a body portion 80a with a recess 80b therein. In this embodiment the recess 80b has opposing inner sides 85, 86 which slant outward from one another toward the edge of the indicator slider 80, forming V-shaped inner sides. The elongate slot 83 has a longitudinal axis which is parallel with the direction of sliding of the indicator slider. The recess 80b may be other shapes than V-shaped.

(139) The movement of the first rotatable lock driving member 63 from an unlocked condition to a locked condition and vice versa causes the second cam 68 to rotate, which causes the indicator slider 80 to translate linearly in one direction or the other, depending on the direction of rotation of the indicator slider. In operation, as the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated to convert the lock from a locked to unlocked condition, the second cam 68 is rotated clockwise and the second cam 68 engages a first inner side 85 of the recess 80b, which causes the indicator slider 80 to slide to the right, when viewed from the internal side of the door, as shown in FIG. 23A. Only the unlocked indicium 82 is then visible through the viewing aperture 84 in the handle casing 40. As the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated to convert the lock from the unlocked condition to the locked condition, the second cam 68 is rotated anticlockwise and the second cam 68 engages a second inner side 86 of the recess 80b, which causes the indicator slider 80 to slide to the left when viewed from the internal side of the door (as seen from the external side in FIG. 23B). Only locked indicium 81 is then visible through the viewing aperture 84 in the handle casing 40. It will be understood that assembly in the embodiment in the figures is a left handed lock and door handle assembly, however a right handed lock and door handle assembly can be provided.

(140) The slider 80 has a pair of notches 87 on either side such that the translational movement of the slider 80 from side to side is not impeded by fixings that are present in the handle assembly as required for other parts of the assembly.

(141) Euro Cylinder Smart Trigger Locking Status (Electronic)

(142) Alternatively or in addition to the purely mechanical lock status indicating means provided by the indicator slider 80, the assembly may have electronic lock status indicating means. An advantage of electronic lock status indicating means is that the lock status can be transmitted to a remote user display means such as a user interface, such that a user can check the lock status remotely. The electronic lock status indicating means can also be used as a secondary detection system for interacting with the leaf position detection means described above, the output of the electronic lock status means being an input for controlling the power mode of the leaf position detection means for example. The embodiment shown in the FIG. 1 has both a mechanical and electronic lock status indicating means, however in some embodiments it has one or the other. The electronic lock status indicating means may be sensor means for sensing direction of movement of the second cam 68, such as a direction sensor to sense radially projecting protrusion 68b of the second cam sweeping past the direction sensor.

(143) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7A the electronic lock status indicating means comprises first and second sensors 91, 92 which are adapted to sense the movement of the second cam 68 as it moves past the sensors 91, 92. In this embodiment the first and second sensors 91, 92 are switches, such as rocker switches, that are activated if the second cam 68 rotates over the switch, however it will be understood that they can be other types of switches/sensors that can sense directional movement of the second cam 68 that indicates the euro cylinder is moving from a locked to a unlocked state. The first and second switches 91, 92 are mounted to a printed circuit board (PCB) 20, which in this embodiment is the same PCB that comprises the sensor unit for the leaf position detection means described above, but of course the sensors for the second cam 68 do not need to share the same PCB as the components relating to the leaf position detection means. The PCB 20 is mounted in the assembly between the handle casing 40 and a back plate 94 which is to be placed flush against the face of the leaf to which the assembly is mounted. The PCB 20 is placed such that the radially projecting protrusion 68b of the second cam 68 passes over the first and second switches 91, 92 as it rotates when the lock is being converted between locked and unlocked states. In this embodiment, the second cam 68 engages the first and second switches 91, 92 as it passes over them, however in other embodiments the second cam 68 may not directly engage the first and second sensors/switches, but may merely be detected as it moves past them. The first and second switches 91, 92 are arranged adjacent to each other such that as the second cam 68 rotates in a first direction, it activates one of the switches, then the other sequentially and when the second cam 68 rotates in the other direction it activates the switches in the opposite order. The PCB 20 includes processor means adapted to provide an output indicating the direction of rotation of the second cam 68 depending on which order the switches 91, 92 were activated, which thus indicates the locked or unlocked state of the lock. In this embodiment, in operation, as the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated to convert the lock from a locked to unlocked condition, the second cam 68 is rotated clockwise and the second cam 68 engages the first switch 91 and then the second switch 92.

(144) Based on the activation of the switches in the order first switch 91 then second switch 92, an output is generated indicating the lock as in the unlocked status. As the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated to convert the lock from an unlocked to a locked condition, the second cam 68 is rotated anticlockwise and the second cam 68 engages the second switch 92 and then the first switch 91 and an output is generated indicating the lock as in the locked status.

(145) Referring to FIG. 8B, the PCB 20 includes wireless transmission means 56, which in this embodiment are RF transmission means, to send the lock status signal to a receiver means such that the lock status can be used as part of a wider monitoring system and/or displayed on user display means such as a smartphone, remote control or other device which can receive data, preferably also having a user interface.

(146) The lock cylinder shown in the figures is a double cylinder lock, but it may alternatively be a single cylinder lock. With the double cylinder lock shown in the figures, the lock can be operated from either side of the leaf. The lock housing 61 has a second bore (not visible in the figures) at the opposite end of the housing 61 from the first bore 62 for receiving a second rotatable lock driving member. The second rotatable lock driving member is co-axial with and connectable in use to the first cam 66, such that the second rotatable lock driving member can drive the first cam. In order to provide the ability for the first cam 66 to be operated from both sides of the leaf, the first cam 66 is selectively connected to the first and second rotatable lock driving members by a clutch. Such clutches are known in the art and are typically slidable along the cylinder between a position in which a load path is formed between the first cam 66 and the first rotatable lock driving member 63 and an alternative position in which a load path is formed between the first cam 66 and the second rotatable lock driving member.

(147) In the present lock cylinder 60 the second cam 68 is not connected in use to the second rotatable lock driving member such that the second cam 68 will only be rotated by rotation of the first rotatable lock driving member 63, not by rotation of the second rotatable lock driving member. However it will be understood that the second cam 28 may be connected in use to the second rotatable lock driving member such that the second cam 68 will be rotated by rotation of the second rotatable lock driving member as well as by rotation of the first rotatable lock driving member. In the present lock cylinder 60 the first rotatable lock driving member 63 with second cam 68 connected thereto is mounted in the internal end 60b of the lock, so that the lock status indicating means will indicate the locked or unlocked status of the first rotatable lock driving member 63 which is on the internal side of the leaf so that the user can easily see the locked/unlocked status of the first rotatable lock driving member when they are indoors. The housing 61 may be a single housing with first and second bores for receiving the first and second rotatable lock driving members or it may be a housing formed of two housing parts which are connectable to one another by suitable connection means. Either way, the first cam 66 is received in a central gap in the housing 61, preferably midway between the ends of the housing 61 and between the first and second bores for receiving the first and second rotatable lock driving members. In embodiments where the lock cylinder is a single cylinder lock with a single rotatable lock driving member, the first cam 66 may be near the end of the housing remote from the means for user activation of the rotatable lock driving member (i.e. remote from the key hole or thumbturn mechanism).

(148) The second cam 68 can be mounted at any point along the barrel of the first rotatable lock driving member 63 and the housing 61 includes a gap to accommodate the second cam 68. If a mechanical lock status indicator means is employed with visible lock status indicator, then the second cam 68 is preferably located nearer to the end where it would be desirable to check the lock status from (i.e. the internal side of an external door) than to the other end of the lock housing so that the lock status indicating means can be easily viewed.

(149) The double cylinder lock of the present embodiment may include a third cam (not shown in the figures), co-axial with and connected to the second rotatable lock driving member for rotation therewith, the third cam being a lock status indicator cam adapted to be operatively associated with second lock status indicating means for indicating the locked or unlocked state of the cylinder lock following operation of the first cam by the second rotatable lock driving member.

(150) The incorporation of a second cam as a lock status indicator cam into a standard profile cylinder lock has a benefit that a cylinder lock incorporating lock status indicator means can be retrofitted in existing door/handle assemblies. The cylinder locks of the present invention can be provided in different predetermined lengths to match different standardised door widths.

(151) Euro Cylinder Operational Sensor

(152) Referring to FIG. 25 the cylinder lock 60 also includes a ball bearing 96 which is arranged to be biased into engagement with one of a plurality of detents 97 arranged on the outside of the first rotatable lock driving member 63. When the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated, it rotates relative to the ball bearing 96 such that the ball bearing is forced to engage in successive adjacent detents 97 as the first rotatable lock driving member 63 is rotated, which provides an audible sound. Each detent 97 is an elongate recessed channel having an axis parallel with the rotational axis of the first rotatable lock driving member 63. The lock housing 61 has a base portion 61c running between its external 61a internal end 61b, adjacent the first and second bores for receiving rotatable lock driving members. The lock housing 61 has at least one throughbore 99 in its base 61c for receiving the ball bearing 96. The ball bearing 96 is biased into engagement with the first rotatable lock driving member 63 by a spring 98, which is received between the ball bearing 96 and a pin 95 which plugs the other end of the throughbore 99. The cylinder lock 60 may have more than one throughbore 99, each for receiving a ball bearing 96, however one is sufficient to provide the audible sound on rotation of the first rotatable lock driving member. The cylinder lock may have a similar arrangement of a throughbore receiving a ball bearing for engagement with detents in a second rotatable lock driving member on the other side of the cylinder lock.

(153) Lock Child Safety Latch and Lock NIB

(154) A child security latch for the handle assembly 10 will now be described referring to FIGS. 19A, 19B and 20A to 20F. The handle assembly 10 is designed for use with a spindle 42 which drives a latch means on the door which is engageable with a retainer or catch on an adjacent door jamb to latch the door in its closed position. The latch means can be withdrawn to permit opening of the door by turning of the spindle 42, which is driven by a handle grip 41 coupled to the spindle 42 such that rotation of the handle grip 41 rotates the spindle 42.

(155) Referring to FIG. 20B, the handle assembly 10 comprises a handle grip 41 mounted to a casing 40. The casing 40 is for mounting to a door or window (not shown) by means of suitable fixings (not shown).

(156) The handle grip 41 is pivotally mounted to the casing 40 via a nose portion 44 which is received by the casing 40. The handle grip 41 is moveable between a closed position (as shown in FIGS. 20A, 20B) in which the latch means maintains the door in a closed position and an open position (as shown in FIGS. 20C, 20D) in which the latch means is unlatched to allow opening of the door.

(157) Referring to FIG. 19, the casing 40 comprises an outer cover plate 40a and an inner cover plate 40b which is arranged between the outer cover plate 40a and the door when assembled. The outer cover plate 40a and inner cover plate 40b each have a bore 45 therein in which is received the nose portion 44 of the handle grip 41. The spindle 42 is a drive shaft with square cross-section which couples to the handle grip 41, used for driving the latch means (not shown) or the like to latch the door in its closed position. One end of the spindle 42 is received in a corresponding bore in the nose portion 44 of the handle grip 41, such that the spindle 42 is rotated by movement of the handle grip 41 relative to the casing 40.

(158) Referring to FIG. 20B, the handle assembly 10 has a push button 46 which can be depressed by the user in order to release the handle and allow it to be pivoted from its closed position to an open position which will permit movement of the door to an open position. The push button 46 is therefore a release button which, when operated, releases the handle from its closed position, permitting it to be moved to its open position. The outer cover plate 40a has an aperture 47 in which the front portion of the push button 46 is received. The front portion of the push button 46 is exposed through the aperture 47 in the outer cover plate 40a, allowing the push button 46 to be depressible by the user.

(159) Referring to FIG. 19A, the push button 46 includes a stop member 70 which, in this embodiment, is integral with the push button 46, but they may be separate elements which are operatively coupled to one another. Extending from the nose portion 44 of the handle grip 41 is a pin 48. When assembled, the pin 48 extends through the spindle bore 45 in the outer cover plate 40a, and protrudes through an arcuate shaped pin slot 49 in the inner cover plate 40b. As shown in FIG. 20A, the stop member 70 can engage with the pin 48 when the handle is in its closed position. Referring to FIG. 19B, the stop member 70 has a recess 70a shaped to receive the pin 48. Adjacent to the recess 70a in the stop member 70 is a shoulder 70b which blocks the handle from being pivoted from its closed position to its open position, by blocking movement of the pin towards the door jamb. The recess 70a has an arcuate ramped surface 70c to accommodate some play in movement of the door handle upwards slightly from its closed position. The stop member 70 also comprises a recess 70d distanced from recess 70a, the recess 70d having a shoulder 70e.

(160) The stop member 70 with integral push button 46 is mounted between the inner cover plate 40b and a push button retainer plate 71 which is fixed to the inner cover plate 40b using suitable fixings, which in this embodiment are screws 77. Between the push button retainer plate 71 and the door is a back plate 94. Extending from the inner side of the push button 46 is a short cylindrical protrusion 72 around which a coil spring 73 is received in order to bias the push button 46 (and hence also the stop member 70) away from the push button retainer plate 71. When the push button 46 is in its normal position, biased away from the door, the stop member 70, which is integral with the push button 46, is in a blocking position, as the stop member 70 is positioned in the path that the pin 48 would travel if the handle were moved from its closed position to an open position, thus preventing the handle from being moved from its closed position to an open position. The push button 46 may be depressed by the user, moving it translationally to a recess position, thus moving the stop member 70 to a non-blocking position, wherein it is depressed relative to the handle casing 40 sufficiently to move the stop member 70 out of the path of travel of the pin 48. The stop member's 70 blocking position is shown in FIG. 20E and its non-blocking position is shown in FIG. 20F.

(161) When the handle assembly 10 is assembled and the handle grip 41 is in its closed position as shown in FIGS. 20A, 20B and 20E, the pin 48 engages with the shoulder 70b of the stop member 70, blocking the pin 48 from moving towards the door jamb and therefore preventing the handle grip 41 from being moved from its closed position to an open position. In operation, in order to move the handle to an open position the push button 46 is depressed by the user by pressing on the push button 46. This moves the push button 46 translationally away from the handle grip 41, thus moving the stop member 70 from its blocking position to its non-blocking position. When in its non-blocking position, the stop member 70 is no longer in the way of the path of travel of pin 48 so that the handle grip 41 can now be moved from its closed position to an open position. If the user applies force to the handle grip 41 to move it from its closed position to its open position while depressing the push button 46, then the handle grip 41 can move from its closed position to an open position. As the handle is moved from its closed position to an open position, the pin's movement is guided by the arcuate pin slot 49. The user does not need to keep the push button 46 depressed continuously during movement of the handle grip 41; as long as the push button 46 is depressed at the start of movement of the handle from the closed position to an open position, the stop member 70 will be moved out of the way of the pin 48 and once the pin 48 has started to move along the arcuate slot 49 towards the door jamb, the pin 48 will then prevent the stop member 70 from returning to its blocking position. The pin 48 can travel until it reaches the extremity of the arcuate pin slot 49 closest to the door jamb, as shown in FIG. 20C; this corresponds with the fully open position of the handle grip 41. Movement of the handle from its closed position to an open position will actuate a latch of a door to allow opening of the door. If the user releases the push button 46 such that it is no longer depressed when the handle is in the open position, the stop member 70 will return to its blocking position and the pin 48 will be received in recess 70d in the stop member 70. Shoulder 70e blocks the handle from moving from its open position to its closed position by blocking movement of the pin 48 away from the door jamb. This retains the handle in the open position, such that the latch of the door is retained in its unlatched position until the user depresses the push button 46 so that the door leaf cannot close shut until the user depresses the push button 46. If the user then depresses the push button 46, moving it translationally to its recess position, moving stop member 70 to a non-blocking position, the stop member 70 is depressed relative to the handle casing 40 sufficiently to move stop member 70 out of the path of travel of the pin 48 away from the door jamb. This allows the handle to return to its closed position.

(162) The handle may be biased in its closed position such that it is urged to return to its closed position when force on the handle is removed. Alternatively, the handle may require force to return it from an open position to the closed position. As the handle is moved from an open position back to its closed position, the pin 48 will travel back along the arcuate pin slot 49, away from the door jamb. Once the handle grip 41 reaches the closed position, the stop member 70 will return to its blocking position, due to the action of the biasing spring 73.

(163) The handle assembly 10 inhibits children from being able to open the door to which it is installed as, unlike normal internal doors, the handle requires the button 46 to be depressed in order to be able to move the handle away from the closed position. Therefore, a child expecting the handle to operate like a normal internal door handle will be unable to open the door, even if the door is not locked. The handle assembly secondary function is to prevent the door from accidentally shutting close.

(164) In an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 19C the push button may be extended to fit around the spindle and prevent the spindle from rotating unless the push button is depressed. The handle assembly 200 shown in FIG. 19C is similar to that of FIG. 19A. Like the embodiment of FIG. 19A, the FIG. 19C embodiment has a handle grip 241 mounted to a casing 240. The assembly has a push button 246, accessible to be depressed from the front of the assembly, with integral stop member 270. The top edge of the stop member 270 differs from that of the FIG. 19A embodiment in that instead of the pin receiving recesses 70a and 70d, it has a single recess 270a in its top edge. The recess 270a is square shaped to receive the square cross-section of the handle spindle 242 (but the recess may be shaped differently if the spindle cross-section is a different shape). As with the previous embodiment, the spindle 242 is driven by movement of the handle grip 241 to rotate to actuate a door latch (not shown). The spindle 242 also differs from the previous embodiment in that it has a cut-out portion 242a that has a smaller diameter than the remainder of the spindle 242a. The cut-out portion 242a of the spindle is located at the point on the spindle where it extends from the rear of the handle casing 240.

(165) Like the previous embodiment, the stop member 270 has a normal position, biased away from the door and a recessed position that it is moved to when the push button 246 is depressed by a user. When the stop member 270 is in its normal position, the square cross-section of the part of the spindle 242 between the casing 240 and the cut-out portion 242a of the spindle is received in the recess 270a of the stop member 270 and the upright sides of the recess 270a block the spindle 242 from rotating, thus preventing the handle from being moved from its closed position to an open position (the normal position of the stop member 270 is therefore a blocking position). When the push button 242 is depressed by the user, it moves translationally towards the door, moving stop member 270 to a non-blocking position in which the recess 270a of the stop member 270 aligns with the cut-out portion 242a of the spindle. The small diameter of the spindle 242 at the cut-out portion 242 is free to rotate within the recess 270a and the handle can therefore be moved from its closed to its open position whilst the push button 246 is being depressed by the user. In this embodiment, the handle can only be moved whilst the push button 246 is being depressed. This inhibits children from being able to open the door, even if it is unlocked.

(166) It will be understood that the various handle assemblies described herein can be mounted to a leaf or a frame to allow opening and closing of the leaf relative to the frame, although more commonly a handle assembly will be mounted to the leaf. It will be understood that the various locking assemblies including locking drive rails can be mounted such that locking drive rail is slidably mounted to the leaf or to the frame, although more commonly a locking drive rail will be mounted to the leaf.

(167) Various of the window and door security features disclosed herein can be used in combination with one another as appropriate. It should be noted that embodiments of the inventions have been described invention have been described herein by way of example only, and that modifications can be made within the scope of the claims. It should be further noted that each of the many advantageous features described above may be employed in isolation, or in combination with any one or more other features.