Method for influencing a cable winch force acting on a cable drive and device for carrying out a method of this type

Abstract

A method for influencing a cable winch force acting on a cable drive, comprises the method steps providing a cable drive with a drivable winch and with a cable that can be wound on the winch, providing a device for producing a traction sheave cable force on the cable, determining an outer cable force, predetermining a cable drive operating state, providing a control-regulating unit to influence the traction sheave cable force, producing a control-regulating variable by means of the control-regulating unit depending on the outer cable force and the predetermined cable drive operating state, producing the traction sheave cable force by means of the device and influencing the traction sheave cable force by means of the control-regulating unit in such a way that the cable winch force acting on the cable drive can be controlled depending on the respective cable drive operating state and the outer cable force, wherein the device is a traction sheave drive, wherein a four-quadrant operation of the traction sheave drive is reproduced by means of the control-regulating unit, and wherein the four traction sheave drive operating states are no-load lifting, no-load lowering, load lifting and load lowering.

Claims

1. A method for influencing a cable winch force (35) acting on a cable drive (29), comprising the steps: providing a cable drive (29) with a drivable winch (28) and a cable (22) that is wound on the winch (28), providing a traction sheave drive (2) for producing a traction sheave cable force (36) on the cable (22), determining an outer cable force (33), predetermining a cable drive operating state depending on a rotational direction of the winding of the winch, providing a control-regulating unit (34) to influence the traction sheave cable force (36), producing a control-regulating variable by the control-regulating unit (34) depending on the outer cable force (33) and the predetermined cable drive operating state, producing the traction sheave cable force (36) by the traction sheave drive (2) and influencing the traction sheave cable force (36) by the control-regulating unit (34) in such a way that the cable winch force (35) acting on the cable drive (29) is controlled depending on the respective cable drive operating state and the outer cable force (33), determining a current operating traction sheave drive operating state depending on whether a load is attached to the cable (22) and whether the cable is being lifted or lowered, the traction sheave drive being operable in four traction sheave drive operating states: no-load lifting where the cable is being lifted and no load is attached to the cable, no-load lowering where the cable is being lowered and no load is attached to the cable, load lifting where the cable is being lifted and a load is attached to the cable, and load lowering where the cable is being lowered and a load is attached to the cable, and wherein the control-regulating unit (34) controls the traction sheave drive depending directly on the determined current operating traction sheave drive operating state and the control-regulating variable, such that winding and unwinding the cable (22) is provided in a controlled manner at a constant cable winch force (35).

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cable winch force (35) acting on the cable drive (29) is controlled in such a way that the cable winch force is reduced relative to the outer cable force (33).

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cable winch force (35) acting on the cable drive (29) is controlled in such a way that the cable winch force is increased relative to the outer cable force (33).

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the cable winch force (35) acting on the cable drive (29) is controlled in such a way that the traction sheave cable force (36) follows a predetermined characteristic curve depending on the outer cable force (33).

5. A method according to claim 1, comprising an indirect determination of the outer cable force (33) from a load force (31).

6. A method according to claim 1, comprising a direct determination of the outer cable force (33) by means of a cable force measuring device.

7. A method according to claim 1, comprising determining the traction sheave cable force (36) transmitted by the traction sheave drive (2) from the outer cable force (33).

8. A method according to claim 1, comprising a consideration of the rotational direction (32, 40) of the winch (28), which is predetermined to produce the control-regulating variable.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the rotational direction (32, 40) of the winch is predetermined by an operator.

10. A method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of input variables is used to produce the control-regulating variable.

11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the input variables include at least one of the group comprising the outer cable force (33), a load force (31), a rotational direction (32, 40) of the winch (28) and a rotational speed of the winch (28).

12. A method according to claim 1, comprising a control of the traction sheave cable force (36) in such a way that the resulting cable winch force (35) is independent of the rotational speed of the winch (28).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a lattice boom of a crane with two devices according to the invention,

(2) FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detailed view of a device according to FIG. 1,

(3) FIG. 3 shows a view of a cable guidance on the device, corresponding to FIG. 2,

(4) FIG. 4 shows a sectional view along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2,

(5) FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the device with forces acting on a cable of a cable drive in a traction sheave drive operating state no-load lifting,

(6) FIG. 6 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in a traction sheave drive operating state load lifting,

(7) FIG. 7 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in a traction sheave drive operating state load lowering,

(8) FIG. 8 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in a traction sheave drive operating state no-load lowering,

(9) FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a closed hydraulic circuit for the device according to the invention and

(10) FIG. 10 shows a view of a characteristic curve for controlling the cable winch force

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(11) FIG. 1 shows a lattice boom 1 of a crane, which, in particular, may be configured as a boom crane. Two devices 2 according to the invention are fastened to the lattice boom 1. The devices 2 are arranged along a cable guide of a cable drive, not shown, between a winch, not shown, of the cable drive and a load receiving device, not shown, to receive an outer load. Since two devices 2 are arranged on the lattice boom 1, the operation of a double hook block as the load receiving device is possible. It is also possible to use precisely one, or more than two devices 2 to operate a hook block on a work machine.

(12) The use of the device 2, which is configured as a traction sheave drive, can be applied to various work machines, in particular a crawler crane.

(13) The device 2 will be described in more detail below with the aid of FIGS. 2 to 4. The device 2 has a receiving frame 3 in which a first traction sheave 4 and a second traction sheave 5 are arranged. The first traction sheave 4 is driven about its rotational axis 6 by a first drive 7 by means of a first gearing 8. The first drive 7 is configured as a hydraulic drive. The first gearing 8 is held by means of a first flange 9 on a vertical wall 10 of the receiving frame 3 in the axial direction of the rotational axis 6. The first gearing 8 furthermore has a second flange 11, on which the first traction sheave 4 is held in the axial direction along the rotational axis 6. The first traction sheave 4 is placed with a gearing opening 12 on the first gearing 8. For simplified assembly of the device 2, the first gearing 8 is configured to be conically tapering in a portion to be received in the gearing opening 12.

(14) A bearing journal 14, which is rotatably mounted in a floating bearing 15, which is arranged in a bearing opening 16 of the first traction sheave 4, is provided on a bearing vertical wall 13 arranged opposite the drive vertical wall 10. The first drive 7, the first gearing 8, the bearing journal 14 and the floating bearing 15 are oriented concentrically with respect to one another along the rotational axis 6.

(15) The first traction sheave 4, at its outer cylinder casing face, has four grooves 17, which are used to guide the cable during the winding and unwinding of a cable from the first traction sheave 4. The grooves 17 are in each case separated by groove rims arranged in between. Furthermore, the first traction sheave 4 has flanks 18 directed obliquely outwardly from the grooves 17.

(16) The second traction sheave 5 is held in an identical manner on the receiving frame 3. The second traction sheave 5 can be driven about its rotational axis 19 by means of a second drive 20 by means of a second gearing 21. The only difference is that the second traction sheave 5 has three instead of four grooves 17. As a result, a guidance of a cable 22 shown by a dash-dot line in FIG. 3 is made possible. According to FIG. 3, the cable 22 runs from the top left, coming from the load receiving device, into the first traction sheave 4. The cable 22 is wound along the grooves 17 of the traction sheaves 4, 5. The number of loops 23 of the cable 22 is produced from the number of grooves 17 of the two traction sheaves 4, 5. Since the first traction sheave 4 has one groove 17 more than the second traction sheave 5, the cable 22 is deflected on the traction sheaves 4, 5 of the device 2 in such a way that an inlet 24 of the cable 22, coming from the load receiving device, and an outlet 25 of the cable 22 toward a cable drive, are arranged in the same plane. FIG. 3 shows the inlet 24 at the top left and the outlet 25 at the bottom right. The inlet 24 and the outlet 25 are parallel to one another.

(17) The device 2 furthermore has a control unit, not shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 and described below, which has a signal connection to the drives 7, 20. The control unit is used to control the drive torque and/or the drive rotational speed of the drives 7, 20. In addition or as an alternative, each drive 7, 20 may have an automatic torque control, not shown, which is called a mooring control. The pump pressure is used as the control variable for the mooring control. The predetermined pressure is kept constant by the pump, from which a constant torque follows at the hydraulic motors of the traction sheave drive, regardless of the rotational direction of the drives

(18) The mode of functioning of the device 2, in other words a method for influencing a cable winch force acting on a cable drive, will be described in more detail below with the aid of FIGS. 5 to 8.

(19) The device 2 is connected at a first cable end of the cable 22, shown on the left in FIG. 5, by means of a cable pulley 26 of the upper and lower load block to the load receiving device in the form of a hook block 27 shown symbolically. With multiple cable receiving, a plurality of cable pulleys 26 may also be provided. Furthermore, the device 2 at a second cable end of the cable 22, shown on the right in FIG. 5, is connected to a winch 28. The winch 28 is part of the cable drive designated 29 as a whole. The cable drive 29 has a drive, not shown, for driving the winch 28 about the rotational axis 30 of the winch. According to the view in FIG. 5, no load is suspended on the hook block 27. A load force 31 introduced by the hook block 27 is small and is substantially based on the inherent weight of the hook block 27 and the cable 22. In FIG. 5, the cable 22 is wound by the cable drive 29 onto the winch 28. For this purpose, the winch 28 is rotated according to FIG. 5 in the clockwise direction about the rotational axis 30 of the winch along the rotational direction 32 of winding. A cable drive operating state is thereby fixed, in other words, in particular, by the predetermining of the rotational direction 32 of winding of the winch 28. FIG. 5 shows the traction sheave drive operating state no-load lifting.

(20) The outer cable force 33 acting on the cable drive 29 is determined by means of a cable force measuring device, not shown, which may be configured, in particular, as a load torque limiter that is present in any case on a crane. The outer cable force 33 provides the prestressing, with which the cable 22 is wound onto the winch 28. The cable force 33 determined can, in particular, be used as an input signal for the control unit 34 of the device 2. As an alternative to the cable force measuring device, which allows a direct determination of the outer cable force 33, it is also possible to indirectly determine the outer cable force 33 from the load force 31. The indirect determination of the outer cable force 33 is possible in an uncomplicated manner. In particular, the apparatus outlay for this is small.

(21) The cable 22 is wound using a cable winch force 35 onto the winch 28. In order to ensure that in the operating state no-load lifting, the cable 22 is wound with adequate prestressing, in other words not too loosely, onto the winch 28, the traction sheaves 4, 5 of the device 2 are activated and, in particular controlled, in such a way that a traction sheave cable force 36 on the cable 22 counteracts the cable winch force 35. The cable winch force 35 is controlled by the traction sheave cable force 36. The cable winch force 35 is the resultant of the traction sheave cable force 36 and outer cable force 33. The outer cable force 33 is produced from the load force 31 depending on the loading condition from the system, comprising the cable 22, the load block, or a simple load receiving device. The outer cable force 33 counteracts the cable winch force 35. This means that the outer cable force 33 and the cable winch force 35 compensate one another. The outer cable force 33 and the cable winch force 35 are the same in terms of amount, in particular during conventional operation of the device, and mutually cancel one another. A resulting force formed from these two forces 33, 35 is 0. In order to be able to change the cable winch force 35 with a predetermined outer cable force 33, in particular to increase or reduce it, the traction sheave drive 2 is inserted. Depending on the load condition and operating type, the cable winch force 35 can be increased or reduced by the traction sheave cable force 36. In particular, the direction of action of the traction sheave cable force 36 can be adjusted by the drive direction of the traction sheaves 4, 5. The traction sheave cable force 36 can thus be adjusted to be in the same or opposite direction to the cable winch force 35.

(22) The interrelation of the cable forces 33, 35 and 36 is graphically shown in the characteristic curve graph according to FIG. 10, in that the cable winch force 35 and the traction sheave cable force 36 are in each case shown as a function of the outer cable force 33. By way of example, the respective forces are given in N in FIG. 10. The characteristic curve graph shows purely qualitatively the interrelations between the forces 33, 35 and 36. The cable winch force 35 is shown as a dashed line in the characteristic curve graph according to FIG. 10. The cable winch force 35 is identical to the outer cable force 33 if no traction sheave cable force 36 is provided. Accordingly, the cable winch force 35 is a line through the origin with the slope 1. The traction sheave cable force 36 is shown in FIG. 10 by means of a continuous line. The continuous line corresponds to a possible predetermined characteristic curve for the traction sheave cable force 36. The traction sheave cable force 36 has a linearly rising region, the slope of the characteristic curve being smaller than that of the cable winch force 35. On reaching or exceeding a critical outer cable force 33 F.sub.crit, which, according to the characteristic curve graph shown, is 180 N, the traction sheave cable force 36 follows a plateau, i.e. the traction sheave cable force 36 is constant for an outer cable force 33, which is greater than F.sub.crit. The characteristic curve 36 can also have a falling portion. The characteristic curve can, at least in portions, also be non-linear and, in particular, have a square, cubic, exponential, logarithmic or otherwise curved functional course. Furthermore, a dash-dot line 42 is shown in FIG. 10. The dash-dot line 42 shows the course of the cable winch force 35, which is reduced by the traction sheave cable force following the characteristic curve 36. This applies to the operating states no-load lifting (FIG. 5) and no-load lowering (FIG. 8). It is also possible for the characteristic line 36 to be added to the cable winch force 35. This applies to the operating states load lifting (FIG. 6) and load lowering (FIG. 7).

(23) In order to ensure the traction sheave cable force 36 according to FIG. 5, the traction sheaves 4, 5, which rotate in the same direction as the winding rotational direction 32 along a traction sheave rotational direction 37 about the respective rotational axis 6, 19, are driven with a drive torque in the same direction. The two traction sheaves 4, 5 are driven by a hydraulic drive 7, which is supplied by a hydraulic pump 38 with hydraulic medium, controlled by the control unit 34.

(24) The traction sheave drive operating state load lifting according to FIG. 6 differs from that according to FIG. 5 in that an outer load 39 is attached to the hook block 27. The load force 31 is comparatively high. Because of the high load force 31, the drives 7, 20 are activated by the control unit 34 with a drive torque in such a way that the traction sheaves 4, 5 are driven, assisting the winch 28, along the traction sheave rotational direction 37. As a result, a traction sheave cable force 36 is brought about on the cable 22 and acts in the same direction as the cable winch force 35. This means that the traction sheave cable force 36 caused by the traction sheaves 4, 5 relieves the winch 28. The cable 22 is wound onto the winch 28 at the cable winch force 35, the cable winch force 35 being less than the outer cable force 33. This can avoid the cable 22 being wound too tightly as a result of a high load 39. Unacceptably high elongations of the cable 22 are avoided.

(25) The traction sheave drive operating state load lowering according to FIG. 7 differs from the operating state according to FIG. 6 in that the load 39 is lowered, i.e. the winch 28 is rotated about the rotational axis 30 along the unwinding rotational direction 40. The cable 22 is unwound from the winch 28. In order to reduce the high load force 31 as a result of the load 39, the traction sheaves 4, 5 of the device 2 are activated by the control unit 34 in such a way that the traction sheaves 4, 5 are loaded with a drive torque directed counter to the unwinding rotational direction 40. The traction sheave cable force 36 acts in a relieving manner in the same direction as the cable winch force 35 in order to avoid too high a traction load of the load 39 during unwinding. The cable 22 is decelerated by the device 2 during unwinding. The device 2 relieves the winch 28.

(26) The traction sheave drive operating state no-load lowering shown in FIG. 8 differs according to the state shown in FIG. 7 in that the cable 22 is unwound without a load. Accordingly, the winch 28 is rotated about the rotational axis 30 along the unwinding rotational direction 40. Since no load is suspended on the hook block 27, the load force 31 is small. So that the cable winch force 35 is large enough when unwinding the cable 22 from the winch 28, a traction sheave cable force 36 is provided by the device 2, which counteracts the winch force 35. The traction sheave cable force 36 thus brings about an unwinding with a predetermined cable winch force 35, in that the cable 22 is drawn off from the winch 28 by means of the device 2. In this case, the cable winch force 35 is greater than the outer cable force 33.

(27) The mode of functioning of the hydraulic control will be described in more detail below with the aid of FIG. 9 and the traction sheave drive operating state load lowering according to FIG. 7. The hydraulic drives 7, 20 are controlled in such a way that, depending on the outer cable force 33 and the traction sheave rotational direction 37, the drive torques of the traction sheaves 4, 5 bring about the traction sheave cable force 36. In the embodiment shown according to FIG. 9, the drive torques of the hydraulic drives 7, 20 are realised by means of an automatic torque control. The drives 7, 20 are activated by means of a hydraulic pump 38 working in a closed hydraulic circuit. The amount and the direction of the drive torque are controlled by means of a pressure unit 41 at the pump.