EDIBLE RECEPTACLES FOR FROZEN CONFECTIONS

Abstract

An edible receptacle suitable for containing a frozen confection the receptacle comprising at most 15 wt % binder and at least 50 wt % of particles of nuts wherein the particles have an average diameter of from 0.001 to 5 mm and a water content of at most 5 wt % is provided. A process for preparing an edible receptacle, the process comprising the steps of: (a) dosing a required amount of edible receptacle ingredients into a support mould, the ingredients comprising at most 15 wt % binder and at least 50 wt % of particles of nuts by weight of the edible receptacle wherein the particles have an average diameter of from 0.001 to 5 mm and a water content of at most 5 wt %; (b) inserting a shaping tool into the ingredients in the support mould; and (c) vibrating the shaping tool at an ultrasonic frequency to form the ingredients into an edible receptacle of the desired shape is also provided.

Claims

1. A process for preparing an edible receptacle comprising the steps of: (a) dosing a required amount of edible receptacle ingredients into a support mould, the ingredients comprising at most 15 wt % binder and at least 50 wt % of particles of nuts wherein the particles have an average diameter of from 0.001 to 5 mm and a water content of at most 5 wt %, and the binder consists essentially of fat and/or a viscous sugar solution; (b) inserting a shaping tool into the ingredients in the support mould; and (c) vibrating the shaping tool at an ultrasonic frequency to form the ingredients into an edible receptacle of the desired shape.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle is frozen shortly after step (c), preferably within 1 min of step (c).

3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the support mould contains packaging material in to which the edible receptacle ingredients are dosed.

4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the shaping tool is vibrated at a frequency of from 20 to 500 kHz.

5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the ingredients comprise from 0.01% to 10 wt % of binder.

6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle contains at east 60% of particles of nuts by weight of the receptacle.

7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the particles of nuts have an average diameter of from 0.01 to 3 mm.

8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the particles of nuts have a water content of most 4% by weight of the particles.

9. The process according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle comprises up to 35 wt % of second particulate edible material of from 1 to 20 mm in size.

10. The process according to claim 9, wherein the second particulate edible material is selected from seeds, cereals, fruit pieces, chocolate chips and mixtures thereof.

11. The process according to claim 1, wherein the edible receptacle is a cone.

12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the edible receptacle has a wall thickness of from 1 to 10 mm.

13. The process according to claim 1, wherein the edible receptacle has a mass of from 5 to 80 g.

14. The process according to claim 1, wherein the fat is selected from the group consisting of butter, coconut oil, palm oil, canola oil, soya bean oil, sunflower oil and olive oil.

15. The process according to claim 1, wherein the nuts are selected from the group consisting of almond, pecan, walnut, brazil, cashew, macadamia, malabar chestnut, peanut, and pistachio.

16. The process according to claim 1, further comprising dispensing a frozen confection into the edible receptacle to produce a composite frozen confection product.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] FIG. 1 shows a cross section of the support mould containing packaging material partially filled with edible receptacle ingredients.

[0025] FIG. 2 shows a cross section of the support mould with the packaging material filled with required amount of edible receptacle ingredients with a pre-forming tool present.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows a cross section of the support mould in which the edible receptacle ingredients have been optionally pre-formed.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows the ultrasonic tool forming the ingredients into the desired shape of the edible receptacle within the packaging material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art (e.g. in frozen food manufacture). Definitions and descriptions of various terms and techniques used in frozen confectionery manufacture are found in Ice Cream, 6th Edition R. T. Marshall, H. D. Goff and R. W. Hartel, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York 2003.

[0029] The receptacles according to the invention are preferably in the form of a cone or a cup, but they may be any shape suitable for use in a composite frozen product. For example they may have a polygonal cross-section, such as a triangle, square, rectangle or hexagon. We have found that receptacles produced according to the invention are very robust, even when they have corners (e.g. a receptacle with a square or rectangular cross-section). Additionally the receptacle may be substantially flat, in the shape of a traditional ice cream wafer product such as those used to sandwich a frozen composition between. In a particularly preferred embodiment the edible receptacle is in the form of a crust. In this embodiment the edible receptacle is formed within a typical ice cream container, for example using the process described below, and a frozen composition is then added into the crust within the container. Additionally, a separate sheet of the edible receptacle of the invention can be added to the top of this embodiment to form a crust topping. Such an embodiment would provide the consumer with a novel product in the form of an ice cream pie.

[0030] As used herein, the term nut is used to refer to the large, oil-containing, edible kernels that are found within a shell and that regarded as a nut in the food industry. Examples of such nuts include: almond, pecan, walnut, brazil, cashew, macadamia, malabar chestnut, peanut, pistachio and the like.

[0031] The particles of the nuts have an average diameter of from 0.001 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.01 to 3 mm, more preferably from 0.05 to 2 mm, more preferably still from 0.1 to 1 mm. The particles may have heterogeneous shapes, sizes, volumes, surface areas and so on. Particles may be circular, non-circular or a mixture thereof. In some preferred embodiments, the particles are substantially spherical. As used herein, the term diameter refers to the maximum length of the particles in any dimension. For particles having an irregular shape, the diameter is the length of the longest cross section that can be cut through the body of the particle. When the diameter of particles is referred to it is meant that at least 90% by number of the particles have that diameter. The particles of the nuts may be obtained from whole nuts or from larger pieces nuts, for example by crushing or breaking. The edible receptacle contains at least 50 wt %, preferably at least 70 wt %, more preferably at least 85 wt %, more preferably still at least 90 wt %, yet more preferably still 95 wt %, most preferably 97.5 wt % of particles of nuts by weight of the receptacle. In a most preferred embodiment the edible receptacle is almost entirely formed from the particles of nut.

[0032] In addition to the essential components, the receptacle can also contain up to about 35% of a mixture of other particulate edible pieces such as seeds, cereals, fruit pieces, chocolate chips and the like. These have an average diameter from 1 to 5 mm, preferably from 1.5 to 2.5 mm.

[0033] As used herein, the term binder means a substance which is used to stick pieces of nuts together. Binders are typically based on fats or viscous sugar solutions. Suitable fats include butter, coconut oil, palm oil, canola oil, soya bean oil, sunflower oil and olive oil. Due to the use of ultrasonic forming the amount of binder required is far less than that used previously, in fact we have surprisingly found that binder is not necessary to allow the receptacles to be formed such that they have the desired product characteristics and stability. Consequently the receptacle contains at most 15 wt % binder by weight of the receptacle, preferably at most 10 wt % of binder, more preferably at most 5 wt %, more preferably still at most 0.5 wt %, more preferably still at most 0.05 wt % binder, most preferably none. Nuts often inherently contain ingredients such as fats or sugars. However, these ingredients are integral to the structure of the nuts. As such, these ingredients are not available to function as binders in the sense of this invention and the level of additional binder is understood to not include any other similar material that is already present in the nuts.

[0034] Frozen confection means a confection made by freezing a pasteurised mix of ingredients such as water, fat, sweetener, protein (normally milk proteins), and optionally other ingredients such as emulsifiers, stabilisers, colours and flavours. Frozen confections may be aerated. Frozen confections include ice cream, milk ice, water ice, frozen yoghurt and the like. They typically have an overrun of from 20 and 150%, preferably from 40 to 120%. The frozen confection may be ice cream, sherbet, sorbet, water ice or frozen yoghurt.

[0035] Frozen confections can be combined with the edible receptacles to form composite frozen confections that benefit from the unique organoleptic properties of the edible receptacles yet that do not suffer from the high levels of binder that were previously thought necessary.

[0036] The invention will be further described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 which show a schematic illustration of the process of the invention by which the receptacle is produced from the particles of nuts.

[0037] Firstly, as shown in FIG. 1, the required amount of edible receptacle ingredients 1 is placed into a support (female) mould 2. The edible receptacle ingredients are as described above and contain the particles of nuts and a binder (if present). They may also include the additional components described above. The support mould may contain packaging material 3 which preferably corresponds to the shape of the mould (such as a conventional cone sleeve when the receptacle is a cone). The packaging sleeve may be made from paper, paper/aluminium or a suitable plastic packaging material. In alternative embodiments, the packaging material could be a cardboard cone, a cardboard ice cream container or any other shape of form of container for which a corresponding mould can be formed and that will allow a forming element to be inserted to form the edible receptacle. By forming the receptacle inside the packaging, there is no need for a separate, subsequent step of placing the receptacle in the sleeve. The edible receptacle ingredients may, for example, be dosed by means of a volumetric head or a screw conveyor. The size of the receptacle formed can be varied without changing the mould by simply changing the dosing weight of material.

[0038] In an optional step in the process, shown in FIG. 2, a pre-forming tool 4 which preferably corresponds to the shape of the support mould but with a truncated tip is used to ensure that the particles are located in the bottom of the mould. For example, when the support mould is conical, the compacting tool is frusto-conical. The particles then settle at the bottom of the mould and take up the external shape of the receptacle (corresponding to the internal shape of the mould). The pre-forming tool may also have a small pointed protrusion which makes a small depression in the ingredients of the receptacle as shown by element 5 of FIG. 3. We have found that this facilitates the next step in the process in which the receptacle is shaped. The tool is typically at room temperature and is typically applied for a short period of time, such as about 1 second.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 4, a shaping tool 7 (male mould) connected to an ultrasonic device 8 is inserted whilst the edible receptacle ingredients are still in the support (female) mould. The ultrasonic device 8 is activated and vibrates the shaping tool 7 at a frequency of from 20 to 500 kHz, preferably 50 to 400 kHz, more preferably 100 to 200 kHz and at a pressure of from 30 to 90 bar, more preferably from 45 to 75 bar, more preferably from 55 to 65 bar. Such shaping tools and ultrasonic devices are available from Southfork Innovations Ltd, Dale Road, Sheriff Hutton Industrial Park, York Road, Sheriff Hutton, York. YO60 6RZ. The edible receptacle ingredients are compressed and are displaced up the sides of the mould. The ultrasonic shaping tool thus forms the ingredients into the receptacle with the desired size, thickness and internal shape. The amount of material dosed into the cone is chosen accordingly. The shaping tool is typically at ambient temperature when used, but may if desired be warmed. The shaping tool is typically held in place for a short period time of time, such as 0.5-10 seconds. In order to help to release the shaping tool from the receptacle, the shaping tool may be twisted as it is removed which helps it to de-mould from the receptacle.

[0040] The particles of nuts are surprisingly fused together by the ultrasonic vibration applied during forming thereby to form into a receptacle 9, for example a cone. Finally the receptacle is removed from the mould and may be frozen. The receptacle may then be coated with a fat-based coating material, such as chocolate, at least on its inner surface, if desired. Preferably the receptacle is filled with a frozen confection shortly after the cone has been formed, such as within 30 seconds, preferably within 10 seconds. This cools the receptacle and freezes it. Alternatively, the receptacle can be frozen without being filled with a frozen confection, e.g. by blast freezing, and then stored and subsequently filled with a frozen confection. Due to the use of ultrasonic forming the receptacle possesses the required firmness and stability during storage and consumption so that it maintains its shape even though it is formed from very dry material with very low levels of binder.

[0041] The frozen confection used to fill the receptacle may comprise two or more different colours/flavours/types which are co-extruded and may contain sauces and/or inclusions (such as pieces of fruit, nut, chocolate, biscuit etc). After filling, the top of the product may be decorated, e.g. with a sauce and/or pieces of fruit, nut, chocolate etc. Finally the product may be packaged (e.g. if the product was formed in a cone sleeve, a lid may then placed on top and the sleeve sealed).

[0042] The edible receptacles have a number of advantages over conventional wafer cones, whilst retaining the necessary dryness to touch and robustness on storage and after temperature abuse. Firstly, they provide a new eating experience, for example a different texture, especially when pieces of e.g. fruit, chocolate or other inclusions are incorporated in the receptacle. They also have an attractive, artisanal appearance in contrast to the plain, homogenous appearance of wafer cones. Secondly, they can be made with a simple process from nuts and no baking is required in the ice cream factory. Moreover, they can be manufactured inside their packaging whereas conventional wafer cones and other edible receptacles must be placed within the packaging after they have been formed. Thirdly, the ultrasonic forming ensures binders need not be used at all. Binders typically contain significant amounts of fat and/or sugars, so the reducing the amount of a binder gives nutritional benefits (i.e. less fat/sugar) and also taste improvements (the receptacle is not excessively sweet and keeps the original flavour of its component pieces).

[0043] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples which are illustrative and not limiting.

EXAMPLES

[0044] In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of ultrasonic forming in the production of edible receptacles comprising nuts mixed chopped nuts (Peanuts (70%), Almonds (15%) Walnuts (15%)) sourced from Sainsbury's supermarket, UK were used.

[0045] Water Content

[0046] The water content of the nuts were determined using a CEM, Smart System 5, Microwave Moisture Analyzer set to the following parameters: Power: 100%; Delta weight: 0.1 g; Delta time: 2 seconds; Max time: 10 minutes; Max temp: 100 C.; Minimum weight: 1 g; Maximum weight: 4 g. the nuts were crushed, 1.2 g of the nuts were spread across square, absorbent sample pads (supplied by CEM) and placed into the moisture analyzer which was then closed and activated to perform analysis. The analysis was performed three times and the average water content of the nuts is shown in table 1 where it can be seen that the water content of all the materials was less than 5 wt %.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 average water content Material Average water content (wt %) Mixed Nuts 2.90

[0047] Particle Sizes

[0048] The nuts were made into particulate form by blending in a domestic food processor on maximum power until a consistent texture was achieved. They were tested for particle size using test sieves at 0, 1.25 um, 1 mm, 2 mm, 2.8 mm, 4 mm, 4.75 mm and 6.7 mm. Each sieve was weighed using digital scales and set up in order of largest sieve size through to smallest. 50 g of the sample was added to the top sieve and filtered down through the sieves according to particle size. The sieves were then re weighed to determine the weight of sample on each sieve. The % material on each sieve was calculated to determine the size of particles within the nuts as shown in Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Size range of nuts in mm, total amount for each size range in wt %. Proportion of particles (wt %) in size ranges (mm) 0 >0.00125 >1 >2 >2.8 >4 >4.75 to to to to to to to Product 0.00125 1 2 2.8 4 4.75 6.7 >6.7 Mixed 0.0 0.6 0.6 7.8 67.4 21.5 1.5 0.6 Nuts

[0049] Varying Amount of Binder

[0050] In order to assess how well ultrasonic forming performed in the absence of binder and over a range of different levels of binder the mixes as set out in table 3 were prepared. In these mixes an exemplar binder (Coconut oil) was added in levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30% of the total sample weight and blended with the particles of the nuts.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Sample formulations Ingredients Ingredients (wt %) Particles of nuts 100 95 90 85 80 70 Binder 0 5 10 15 20 30

[0051] Product Forming Using Ultrasonic and Standard Forming

[0052] The samples of table 3 were subjected to both ultrasonic and standard forming methods. Ultrasonic forming was carried out using an ultrasonic bench top unit with a shaped anvil and sonotrode, (Southfork Innovations Ltd, Dale Road, Sheriff Hutton Industrial Park. York Road. Sheriff Hutton. York. YO60 6RZ) attached to a pointed cone-shaped former. 18 g of each sample were added to individual cone-shaped wrappers which were placed in cone-shaped moulds. The cone-shaped former was lowered into the samples in the mould at an apparatus air pressure of 60 bar. The sonotrode was set to a frequency of 20 kHz and was activated for a period of approximately 0.2 seconds.

[0053] For the non-ultrasonic forming, a bench top drill press with attached cone shaped former and anvil was used. In this process, 18 g of each sample were again added to individual cone-shaped wrappers which were placed in cone-shaped moulds. The bench top drill press was operated to lower the cone-shaped former into the samples in the mould at a pressure of about 100 bar.

[0054] All the products were inspected immediately after forming to assess whether they had formed into the desired cone shape. The products were then left at room temperature for 24 hours before being frozen at 25 C. for approximately 24 hours. Cone formation and stability was analysed as follows. Immediately after forming, lower and upper cone formation was assessed visually, loose material was not considered as a formed cone. The height of the formed cones from the top of the packaging (measured along the package seam) and the thickness of the walls of the formed cone were measured using digital callipers. The cones were then inverted over digital scales to weigh loose, unformed material. Cone stability was assessed by rolling the cone between the hands five times, wherein unstable cones were found to break into pieces. The cones were also assessed after being left at room temperature for 24 hours after forming, and after they had been subsequently stored in the 25 C. freezer for a further 24 hours.

[0055] Results

[0056] It was found that the nut-based cones comprising at most 15 wt % binder were readily obtainable when the cones were formed using ultrasonic forming. Conversely, when the standard, non-ultrasonic, forming approach was used the cones could not be manufactured. When no binder was used the cones could not be formed at all because the nut pieces did not bind together. When the binder was added it was found that the mixture became too sticky to process and simply stuck to the forming too and the cones would not release without being forced off which caused them to break.

[0057] In conclusion, we have found that non-baked edible receptacles suitable for frozen confections can be formed substantially from particles of nuts and, furthermore, nuts can be used to form stable edible even with little or no binder present provided that they are manufactured using ultrasonic forming.

[0058] The various features and embodiments of the present invention, referred to in individual sections above apply, as appropriate, to other sections, mutatis mutandis. Consequently features specified in one section may be combined with features specified in other sections, as appropriate.