STRUCTURAL MEMBER FOR AUTOMOBILE BODY

Abstract

A deformed part in a case in which the application of a collision load causes bending deformation in a structural member for an automobile body having a hardness distribution (strength distribution) composed of a quenched part, a base metal hardness part, and a transition part in a longitudinal direction is used as the base metal hardness part to avoid plastic strain concentration in the quenched part.

This structural member for an automobile body has a hollow steel main body having a rectangular cross section. The main body includes a quenched part, a base metal hardness part, and a transition part in this order, in at least a part thereof in an axial direction. The length (L) of the transition part as related to the axial direction satisfies the relationship of 0.006 (mm.sup.1)<LA/I0.2 (mm.sup.1) in a case in which the cross-sectional area of the main body is (A) and the moment of inertia of area is (I).

Claims

1. A structural member for an automobile body comprising: a hollow steel main body having a closed cross section, the hollow steel main body having, in an axial direction: a quenched part subjected to quenching; a base metal hardness part having a same hardness as a hardness of a base metal; and a transition part provided between the quenched part and the base metal hardness part in the axial direction, a strength of the transition part changing from a strength of the base metal harness part to a strength of the quenched part; in a case in which a cross-sectional area of the main body is A and a moment of inertia of area of the main body is I, a length L of the transition part in the axial direction satisfies the relationship of the following equation (1):
0.006 (mm.sup.1)<LA/I0.2 (mm.sup.1) (1).

2. The structural member for an automobile body according to claim 1, wherein a tensile strength of the base metal hardness part is 700 MPa or less, and a tensile strength of the quenched part is 1470 MPa or more.

3. The structural member for an automobile body according to claim 1, wherein respective hardness distributions of the quenched part, the base metal hardness part, and the transition part in the vertical cross section to the axial direction are substantially constant.

4. The structural member for an automobile body according to claim 1, further comprising: a to-be welded part which is provided in the base metal hardness part or the transition part and is to be welded to another structural member for an automobile body.

5. The structural member for an automobile body according to claim 1, wherein in the main body, the closed cross section of the main body is free of an outwardly-extending flange.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] FIG. 1(a) is a dihedral view in the vicinity of a transition part of a structural member according to the present invention and FIG. 1(b) is a graph showing an example of hardness of a quenched part, a transition part, and a base metal hardness part.

[0034] FIG. 2(a) to FIG. 2(c) are illustrations showing analysis conditions by a finite element method, FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b) show shapes of assumed structural members, and FIG. 2(c) shows a FEM analysis model created regarding portions surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b).

[0035] FIG. 3(a) to FIG. 3(c) are illustrations showing cross sections of analyzed structural members (cross sections taken along line A-A in FIG. 2(c)).

[0036] FIG. 4 is a graph showing analysis cases (quenching patterns).

[0037] FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view showing an analyzed structural member, FIG. 5(b) is a graph showing deformation in cross sections A and B at the time point when a displacement of 0 point shown in FIG. 5(a) in a Z direction is 100 mm in comparison of CASE-1 and CASE-2 to CASE-4, and FIG. 5(c) is a graph showing deformation in cross sections A and B in comparison of CASE-1 and CASE-5 and CASE-6.

[0038] FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between a relationship (LA/I) represented by a length L of a transition part in an axial direction, a cross-sectional area A of a main body, and a moment of inertia of area I, and the maximum ratio of equivalent plastic strain.

[0039] FIG. 7(a) and FIG. 7(b) are illustrations showing a welding part of the structural member according to the present invention and another structural member (mounting member).

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0040] A structural member according to the present invention will be described.

[0041] FIG. 1(a) is a dihedral view in the vicinity of a transition part 5 of a structural member 1 according to the present invention, and FIG. 1(b) is a graph showing an example of hardness of a quenched part, a transition part, and a base metal hardness part.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 1(a), the structural member 1 has a main body 2. For example, a front side member, a side sill, an A pillar, a C pillar, a roof rail reinforcement, a chassis component, and the like constituting an automobile body are exemplified as the structural member 1.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 1(a), the main body 2 is a hollow steel member having a closed cross section. Examples of the closed cross section include a rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 1(a) as an example, a circular cross section, and a polygonal cross section. As shown in FIG. 1(a), when weight reduction is facilitated by thickness reduction by forming the main body 2 with a high strength material and the main body is free of an outwardly-extending flange, the rigidity is secured by increasing the size of the cross section and thus this case is desirable.

[0044] The main body 2 includes a quenched part 3 which is subjected to quenching, a base metal hardness part 4, and a transition part 5 in at least a part thereof in an axial direction. The base metal hardness part 4 has the same hardness as the hardness of the base metal before quenching. The transition part 5 is provided between the quenched part 3 and the base metal hardness part 4 in the axial direction. The strength of the transition part 5 gradually changes from the strength of the base metal hardness part 4 to the strength of the quenched part 3. That is, the main body 2 includes the quenched part 3, the base metal hardness part 4, and the transition part 5 which are arranged in this order in the axial direction.

[0045] The tensile strength of the base metal hardness part 4 is desirably 700 MPa or less, and the tensile strength of the quenched part 3 is desirably 1470 MPa or more.

[0046] When the tensile strength of the base metal hardness part 4 is set to 700 MPa or less, collision energy can be absorbed by deformation by itself at the time of application of a collision load, and the difference in strength can be increased by quenching. Thus, the degree of freedom in designing is enhanced.

[0047] When the tensile strength of the quenched part 3 is set to 1470 MPa or more, the deformation resistant performance can be enhanced at a location where deformation has to be prevented at the time of application of a collision load, and the collision resistance strength can be enhanced. Thus, the effect of weight reduction by thickness reduction is expected.

[0048] It is desirable that hardness distributions in the respective cross sections of the quenched part 3, the base metal hardness part 4, and the transition part 5 vertical to the axial direction are substantially constant.

[0049] The flexural rigidity (EI) of the main body 2 may be sufficient as long as the main body has flexural rigidity applicable as an automobile structural member, and for example, the flexural rigidity is 2.9710.sup.5 (Nm.sup.2) or less.

[0050] Means for forming the quenched part 3, the transition part 5, and the base metal hardness part 4 to be arranged in this order in the axial direction of the main body 2 is not limited to a particular means. It is desirable to produce by the above-described 3DQ from the viewpoint of productivity, and accurately and simply forming the quenched part 3, the transition part 5, and the base metal hardness part 4 within a desirable range.

[0051] Specifically, a partially quenched member having a bent part is produced by, while feeding a base metal having a closed cross section, such as a steel pipe, in the axial direction thereof, heating the base metal to a temperature of Ac.sub.3 point or higher by an annular high frequency induction heating coil, and rapidly cooling the heated base metal by a water cooling device immediately after applying a bending moment or a shearing force to the high temperature part.

[0052] At this time, by appropriately adjusting the heating temperature of the base metal by the high frequency induction heating coil and the cooling rate of the base metal by a water cooling device, the quenched part 3, the transition part 5, and the base metal hardness part 4 can be arranged in this order in the axial direction of the produced member and formed in a desired range.

[0053] In the case in which the main body 2 is produced by 3DQ, by increasing the feeding rate of the base metal or reducing or increasing the amount of cooling water, the length of the transition part 5 in the axial direction can be controlled. However, when the feeding rate of the base metal, the amount of cooling water, and the current of the high frequency induction heating coil are collectively controlled, the hardness of the member in the axial direction is prevented from being uneven and the length of the transition part 5 in the axial direction is stably adjusted. Thus, this case is preferable.

[0054] Further, the hardness distribution in each surface of the member in the axial direction can be made even by controlling the amount of water by the cooling device on each side of the member, and stable characteristics are obtained in each member.

[0055] The structural member 1 is usually welded to another structural member. The welding is desirably carried out in the base metal hardness part 4 or the transition part 5. In other words, a to-be-welded part to be welded to another structural member in the structural member 1 is desirably the base metal hardness part 4 or the transition part 5. Accordingly, the difference in strength resulting from HAZ softening is prevented, and thus strain concentration is relatively prevented in a softened part at the time of deformation caused by the application of a collision load.

[0056] The length L (mm) of the transition part 5 in the axial direction satisfies the relationship of 0.006 (mm.sup.1)<LA/I0.2 (mm.sup.1) in the case in which the cross-sectional area of the main body 2 is A (mm.sup.2) and a moment of inertia of area is I (mm.sup.4). The reason will be described while referring to the analysis result of the finite element method (hereinafter, FEM).

[0057] FIG. 2(a) to FIG. 2(c) are illustrations showing analysis conditions in FEM, FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b) show shapes of assumed structural members, and FIG. 2(c) shows a FEM analysis model created regarding portions surrounded by a dotted line in FIG. 2(a) and FIG. 2(b).

[0058] As the structural member, a front side member shown in FIG. 2(a) or an A pillar shown in FIG. 2(b) are assumed.

[0059] In addition, a member 6 (FEM analysis model) shown in FIG. 2(c) in which a quenched part 7, a base metal hardness part 8, and a quenched part 9 are formed to be arranged in an axial direction is assumed as a model, and a transition part is not present. In the analysis, the member 6 in which a transition part is not present is used as a base to investigate the effect of the present invention. The dimension of each part of the member 6 is as shown in FIG. 2(c) (in the unit of mm).

[0060] As shown in FIG. 2(c), the analysis is carried out under the condition that one end on the side close to the quenched part 9 in the member 6 is completely constrained, and the other end on the side close to the quenched part 7 is displaced toward the upper direction of the vehicle at a constant velocity of 16 km/h to cause bending deformation in the member 6.

[0061] FIG. 3(a) to FIG. 3(c) are illustrations showing cross sections of analyzed structural members (cross sections taken along line A-A in FIG. 2(c)) and showing a thickness center position of the member.

[0062] Three types of cross sections to be analyzed are a rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 3(a), a circular cross section shown in FIG. 3(b), and an octagonal cross section shown in FIG. 3(c) and analysis was carried out using each cross section dimension and thicknesses shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Cross section size Cross section (sheet thickness center) Sheet thickness (a) Rectangle B = 40 mm, H = 46 mm 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm B = 60 mm, H = 120 mm 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm (b) Circle Radius R = 28 mm 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm Radius R = 57 mm 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm (c) Octagon Circumscribed circle 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm radius R = 28.7 mm Circumscribed circle radius 1.2 mm, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm R = 57 mm

[0063] Analysis cases (quenching patterns) are collectively shown in FIG. 4 and Table 2.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Reference symbol Transition part length L [mm] CASE-1 0 CASE-2 10 CASE-3 32 CASE-4 64 CASE-5 10 CASE-6 32

[0064] CASE-1 (base) is the above-described assumed model in which regions at 70 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 160 mm of the member excluding the two quenching parts is set as a base metal hardness part, and a transition part is not present.

[0065] CASE-2 is a model in which regions at 70 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 140 mm of the member is set as a base metal hardness part, and transition parts having a length L of 10 mm are provided between the quenched parts and the base metal hardness part.

[0066] CASE-3 is a model in which regions at 70 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 96 mm of the member is set as a base metal hardness part, and transition parts having a length L of 32 mm are provided between the quenched parts and the base metal hardness part.

[0067] CASE-4 is a model in which regions at 70 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 32 mm of the member is set as a base metal hardness part, and transition parts having a length L of 64 mm are provided between the quenched parts and the base metal hardness part.

[0068] CASE-5 is a model in which regions at 60 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 160 mm of the member is set as a base metal hardness part, and transition parts having a length L of 10 mm are provided between the quenched parts and the base metal hardness part.

[0069] Further, CASE-6 is a model in which regions at 38 mm from the both end parts of the member are set as quenching parts, a center part 160 mm of the member is set as a base metal hardness part, and transition parts having a length L of 32 mm are provided between the quenched parts and the base metal hardness part.

[0070] FIG. 5(a) shows a perspective view of the analyzed member, cross sections A and B of the member, FIG. 5(b) is a graph showing deformation of cross sections A and B when a displacement of 0 point shown in FIG. 5(a) in Z direction is 100 mm in comparison of CASE-1 and CASE-2 to CASE-4, and FIG. 5(c) is a graph showing deformation of cross sections A and B in comparison of CASE-1, and CASE-5 and CASE-6.

[0071] The result shown in FIG. 5 is a result of a model having the rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 3(a) and having a cross section dimension of B=40 mm, H=46 mm, and a sheet thickness of 1.6 mm.

[0072] As shown in CASE-2 to CASE-4 in the graph in FIG. 5(b), as the length of the transition part in the axial direction becomes longer, a deformation position P-1 of CASE-1 can be moved to the side close to the base metal hardness part, that is, to the side in which ductility is higher (P-2, P-3, and P-4). Therefore, it is possible to prevent deformation from occurring in the quenched part and to reduce a breaking risk in the main body.

[0073] In addition, when models are made as shown in CASE-5 and CASE-6 in the graph in FIG. 5(c), deformation positions P-5 and P-6 can be set to the deformation position P-1 as in CASE-1, and it is possible to prevent deformation from occurring in the quenched part and to reduce a breaking risk in the main body by increasing the length of the transition part as in CASE-2 to CASE-4.

[0074] In Tables 3 to 5, the results of analyzing all models are collectively shown. In Tables 3 to 5, the deformation position is evaluated such that when deformation starts at a position away from the end of the quenched part, the position is evaluated as good, and when deformation does not start at a position away from the end of the quenched part, the position is evaluated as no good.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Ratio of Sheet Shape equivalent Size thickness reference EI Quenching L Deformation LA/I plastic [mm] [mm] symbol [Nm.sup.2] pattern [mm] position [1/mm] strain Remarks B = 40 1.2 (a)-1-1.2t 1.705 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative II = 46 Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0237 0.193 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0758 0.067 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1516 0.658 CASE-5 10 good 0.0237 0.191 CASE-6 32 good 0.0758 0.059 1.6 (a)-1-1.6t 2.274 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0237 0.171 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0758 0.062 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1515 0.675 CASE-5 10 good 0.0237 0.173 CASE-6 32 good 0.0758 0.046 B = 60 1.2 (a)-2-1.2t 1.438 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative II = 120 Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0060 1.033 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0193 0.322 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0387 0.042 CASE-5 10 good 0.0060 1.026 CASE-6 32 good 0.0193 0.181 1.6 (a)-2-1.6t 1.917 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0060 1.001 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0193 0.176 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0386 0.165 CASE-5 10 good 0.0060 0.945 CASE-6 32 good 0.0193 0.150 2.0 (a)-2-2.0t 2.397 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0060 0.930 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0193 0.200 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0386 0.174 CASE-5 10 good 0.0060 1.077 CASE-6 32 good 0.0193 0.153

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Ratio of Sheet Shape equivalent Size thickness reference EI Quenching L Deformation LA/I plastic [mm] [mm] symbol [Nm.sup.2] pattern [mm] position [1/mm] strain Remarks R = 28 1.2 (b)-1-1.2t 1.446 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0300 0.603 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0961 0.431 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1923 0.468 CASE-5 10 good 0.0300 0.631 CASE-6 32 good 0.0961 0.552 1.6 (b)-1-1.6t 1.929 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0300 0.540 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0961 0.416 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1923 0.431 CASE-5 10 good 0.0300 0.635 CASE-6 32 good 0.0961 0.687 R = 57.5 1.2 (b)-2-1.2t 1.779 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0050 0.882 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0159 0.376 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0318 0.399 CASE-5 10 good 0.0050 0.859 CASE-6 32 good 0.0159 0.959 1.6 (b)-2-1.6t 2.372 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0050 0.878 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0159 0.381 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0318 0.311 CASE-5 10 good 0.0050 0.893 CASE-6 32 good 0.0159 0.512 2.0 (b)-2-2.0t 2.965 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0050 0.577 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0159 0.510 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0318 0.372 CASE-5 10 good 0.0050 0.555 CASE-6 32 good 0.0159 0.319

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Ratio of Sheet Shape equivalent Size thickness reference EI Quenching L Deformation LA/I plastic [mm] [mm] symbol [Nm.sup.2] pattern [mm] position [1/mm] strain Remarks R = 28.7 1.2 (c)-1-1.2t 1.614 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0266 0.249 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0852 0.182 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1703 0.523 CASE-5 10 good 0.0266 0.259 CASE-6 32 good 0.0852 0.239 1.6 (c)-1-1.6t 2.151 10.sup.4 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0266 0.188 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0852 0.141 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.1703 0.542 CASE-5 10 good 0.0266 0.221 CASE-6 32 good 0.0852 0.233 R = 57 1.2 (c)-2-1.2t 1.264 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0068 0.633 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0217 0.285 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0434 0.317 CASE-5 10 good 0.0068 0.768 CASE-6 32 good 0.0217 0.348 1.6 (c)-2-1.6t 1.685 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0068 0.918 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0217 0.335 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0434 0.456 CASE-5 10 good 0.0068 0.919 CASE-6 32 good 0.0217 0.288 2.0 (c)-2-2.0t 2.107 10.sup.5 CASE-1 0 no good 0.0000 1.000 Comparative Example CASE-2 10 good 0.0068 0.349 Invention CASE-3 32 good 0.0217 0.101 Example CASE-4 64 good 0.0434 0.310 CASE-5 10 good 0.0068 0.383 CASE-6 32 good 0.0217 0.201

[0075] As shown in Tables 3 to 5, even when the cross section is any of the rectangular cross section shown in FIG. 3(a), the circular cross section shown in FIG. 3(b), and the octagonal cross section shown in FIG. 3(c), and the cross section dimension is any of cross section sizes (sheet thickness center) shown in Table 1, furthermore, the sheet thickness is any of 1.2, 1.6 mm, and 2.0 mm, the same deformation modes as the deformation modes as shown in FIG. 5 were shown and the deformation positions in all CASE-2 to CASE-6 were evaluated as good.

[0076] The above description relates to a deformation starting point. When deformation proceeds and buckling wrinkles are significant, significant deformation occurred in the quenched part and thus the maximum value of equivalent plastic strain in each case was investigated.

[0077] The maximum value of equivalent plastic strain is a maximum value of equivalent plastic strain which occurs in the quenched part when a displacement of 100 mm in a height direction of the vehicle occurs, and is evaluated as a ratio obtained by dividing a maximum value of equivalent plastic strain by the maximum value in CASE-1 (base). In Table 3 to 5, the rate (hereinafter, also referred to as a ratio of equivalent plastic strain) is shown.

[0078] FIG. 6 is a graph showing a relationship between a relationship (LA/I) represented by a length L of a transition part in an axial direction, a cross-sectional area A of a main body, and a moment of inertia of area I, and the maximum ratio of equivalent plastic strain.

[0079] As shown in the graph of FIG. 6, it is found that as the ratio (LA/I) increases, the maximum ratio of equivalent plastic strain tends to decrease. There is a case in which the ratio of equivalent plastic strain in the quenched part by proceeding of formation of buckling wrinkles is greater than 1 as the ratio (LA/I) decreases. Therefore, in the present invention, the relationship of (LA/I)>0.006 (1/mm) is satisfied.

[0080] In contrast, when the ratio (LA/I) increases, the length L of the transition part is increased. Thus, there are risks of not only saturating the effect but also deteriorating load resistance characteristics and further, the control for forming a stable transition part is difficult. Therefore, in the present invention, the relationship of LA/I0.2 (1/mm) is satisfied.

[0081] FIG. 7 is an illustration showing a welding part of the structural member 1 according to the present invention and another structural member (mounting member), FIG. 7(a) shows a case in which welding is continuous welding, and FIG. 7(b) shows a case in which welding is resistance spot welding.

[0082] When the structural member 1 is welded to another structural member by carrying out continuous welding such as arc welding or laser welding in the quenched part of the structural member 1 or by carrying out spot welding such as resistance spot welding, depending on the welding conditions, due to softening of a heat affected zone (HAZ), strain is concentrated in the softened heat affected zone and there is a growing risk of the structural member 1 being broken when a collision load is applied to the structural member 1.

[0083] Therefore, as shown in Invention Example D shown in FIG. 7(a) and Invention Example E shown in FIG. 7(b), it is possible to reduce the difference in strength with the HAZ-softened part by carrying out welding within a range of the length L of the transition part, and preferably within a range of obtaining a lower hardness. Therefore, strain concentration can be relatively released and the possibility of breaking can be reduced. In addition, since the strength of the transition part is higher than the strength of the base metal hardness part, it is possible to increase the strength of a part superimposed with the mounting member.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0084] 1: STRUCTURAL MEMBER

[0085] 2: MAIN BODY

[0086] 3: QUENCHED PART

[0087] 4: BASE METAL HARDNESS PART

[0088] 5: TRANSITION PART

[0089] 6: MEMBER (FEM ANALYSIS MODEL)

[0090] 7: QUENCHED PART

[0091] 8: BASE METAL HARDNESS PART

[0092] 9: QUENCHED PART