LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE MEDIUM AND HIGH-FREQUENCY COMPONENTS COMPRISING SAME

Abstract

The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline media comprising one or more polymerisable compounds, preferably of formula P

P.sup.a-(Sp.sup.a).sub.s1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.n1-A.sup.2-Q-A.sup.3-(Z.sup.4-A.sup.4).sub.n2-(Sp.sup.b).sub.s2-P.sup.bP

and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of

##STR00001##

in which the parameters have the meaning indicated in Claim 1, and to components comprising these media for high-frequency technology, in particular phase shifters and microwave array antennas.

Claims

1. Liquid-crystal medium, characterised in that it comprises one or more polymerisable of formula P
P.sup.a-(Sp.sup.a).sub.s1-(A.sup.1-Z.sup.1).sub.n1-A.sup.2-Q-A.sup.3-(Z.sup.4-A.sup.4).sub.n2-(Sp.sup.b).sub.s2-P.sup.bP wherein the individual radicals have the following meanings: P.sup.a, P.sup.b each, independently of one another, are a polymerisable group, Sp.sup.a, Sp.sup.b each, independently of one another, denote a spacer group, s1, s2 each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, n1, n2 each, independently of one another, denote 0 or 1, Q denotes a single bond, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, (CO)O, O(CO), (CH.sub.2).sub.4, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CF.sub.2CF.sub.2, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, CHCH, CFCF, CFCH, (CH.sub.2).sub.3O, O(CH.sub.2).sub.3, CHCF, CC, O, CH.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.3, CF.sub.2, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.4, independently of one another, denote a single bond, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, OCH.sub.2, (CO)O, O(CO), (CH.sub.2).sub.4, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CF.sub.2CF.sub.2, CF.sub.2CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2, CHCH, CFCF, CFCH, (CH.sub.2).sub.3O, O(CH.sub.2).sub.3, CHCF, CC, O, CH.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.3, CF.sub.2, where Z.sup.1 and Q or Z.sup.4 and Q do not simultaneously denote a group selected from CF.sub.2O and OCF.sub.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, each, independently of one another, denote a diradical group selected from the following groups: a) the group consisting of trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene and 1,4-bicyclohexylene, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by O and/or S and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, b) the group consisting of 1,4-phenylene and 1,3-phenylene, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by L, c) the group consisting of tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl, cyclobutane-1,3-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl and selenophene-2,5-diyl, each of which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L, d) the group consisting of saturated, partially unsaturated or fully unsaturated, and optionally substituted, polycyclic radicals having 5 to 20 cyclic C atoms, one or more of which may, in addition, be replaced by heteroatoms, and A.sup.3, alternatively may be a single bond, L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, SCN, SF.sub.5 or straight-chain or branched, in each case optionally fluorinated, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.03, R.sup.04 each, independently of one another, denote H, F or straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, M denotes O, S, CH.sub.2, CHY.sup.1 or CY.sup.1Y.sup.2, and Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each, independently of one another, have one of the meanings indicated above for R.sup.0, or denote Cl or CN, and one of the groups Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 alternatively denotes OCF.sub.3, and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III ##STR00194## in which L.sup.11 denotes R.sup.11 or X.sup.11, L.sup.12 denotes R.sup.12 or X.sup.12, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, X.sup.11 and X.sup.12, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl, CN, NCS, SF.sub.5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, and ##STR00195## independently of one another, denote ##STR00196## in which L.sup.21 denotes R.sup.21 and, in the case where Z.sup.21 and/or Z.sup.22 denote trans-CHCH or trans-CFCF, alternatively denotes X.sup.21, L.sup.22 denotes R.sup.22 and, in the case where Z.sup.21 and/or Z.sup.22 denote trans-CHCH or trans-CFCF, alternatively denotes X.sup.22, R.sup.21 and R.sup.22, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17, or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15, X.sup.21 and X.sup.22, independently of one another, denote F or Cl, CN, NCS, SF.sub.5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, fluorinated alkenyloxy or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, one of Z.sup.21 and Z.sup.22 denotes trans-CHCH, trans-CFCF or CC and the other, independently thereof, denotes trans-CHCH, trans-CFCF or a single bond, and ##STR00197## independently of one another, denote ##STR00198## in which L.sup.31 denotes R.sup.31 or X.sup.31, L.sup.32 denotes R.sup.32 or X.sup.32, R.sup.31 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, denote H, unfluorinated alkyl or unfluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 17 C atoms or unfluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 15 C atoms, X.sup.31 and X.sup.32, independently of one another, denote H, F, Cl, CN, NCS, SF.sub.5, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy having 1 to 7 C atoms or fluorinated alkenyl, unfluorinated or fluorinated alkenyloxy or unfluorinated or fluorinated alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 C atoms, Z.sup.31 to Z.sup.33, independently of one another, denote trans-CHCH, trans-CFCF, CC or a single bond, and ##STR00199## independently of one another, denote ##STR00200## and optionally one or more further compounds.

2. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises one or more mono-reactive polymerisable compounds and/or one or more direactive polymerisable compounds.

3. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 2, characterised in that it comprises one or more mono-reactive polymerisable compounds selected from the group of methacrylates and/or one or more direactive polymerisable compounds selected from the group of bisacrylates or mixed acrylate methacrylates.

4. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula I.

5. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula II.

6. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises one or more compounds of the formula III.

7. Liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that it additionally comprises a polymerisation initiator selected from the group of UV- and thermo initiators.

8. Method of stabilizing a liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, comprising polymerising the polymerisable compounds therein.

9. Composite system comprising a polymer obtained or obtainable from the polymerisation of the polymerisable compounds in a liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1.

10. Component for high-frequency technology, characterised in that it comprises a liquid crystal medium according to claim 1 or a composite system comprising a polymer obtained or obtainable from the polymerisation of the polymerisable compounds in said liquid-crystal medium.

11. Component according to claim 10, characterised in that it is suitable for operation in the microwave range.

12. Component according to claim 10, characterised in that it is a phase shifter or a LC based antenna element operable in the microwave region

13. (canceled)

14. Process for the preparation of a liquid-crystal medium according to claim 1, characterised in that one or more polymerisable compounds of the formula P are mixed with one or more mesogenic compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulae I, II and III, and optionally with one or more further compounds and/or with one or more additives.

15. Microwave antenna array, characterised in that it comprises one or more components according to claim 10.

Description

EXAMPLES

[0410] The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it in any way.

[0411] However, it is clear to the person skilled in the art from the physical properties what properties can be achieved and in what ranges they can be modified. In particular, the combination of the various properties which can preferably be achieved is thus well defined for the person skilled in the art.

Examples 1.1 to 1.3 and Comparative Example 1

Comparative Example 1

[0412] A liquid-crystal mixture C-1 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared and characterized with respect to its general physical properties and its applicability in microwave components at 19 GHz.

TABLE-US-00007 Composition Compound Conc./ No. Abbreviation mass-% 1 PPTUI-3-2 20.0 2 PPTUI-3-4 36.0 3 GGP-3-CL 10.0 4 GGP-5-CL 20.0 5 CPGP-5-2 7.0 6 CPGP-5-3 7.0 100.0 Physical Properties T(N, I) = 173 C. n(20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.335 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 4.6 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 746 mPa .Math. s tan .sub. r, (20 C., 19 GHz) = 0.0143 tan .sub. r, (20 C., 19 GHz) = 0.0038 (20 C., 19 GHz) = 0.252 (20 C., 19 GHz) = 17.6

Examples 1.1 to 1.3

[0413] The mixture C-1 is divided into three parts. To each one of these three parts

a) 0.2% of the photo initiator IrgaCure 819

##STR00190##

b) a certain concentration alternatively of one of the two reactive mesogenic compounds of the formulae RM-1

##STR00191##

and RM-2

[0414] ##STR00192##

and
c) a certain concentration of the reactive mesogen of the formula RM-C

##STR00193##

respectively, are added.

[0415] To one each of these three parts alternatively 1.67% of RM-1 and 3.33% of RM-2, 2.50% of RM-1 and 5.00% of RM-2, respectively 3.33% of RM-1 and 6.67% of RM-2, are added.

[0416] The three resultant mixtures are called M-1.1 to M-1.3. These three mixtures each are filled into test cells with antiparallel rubbed glas substrates covered by PI AI3046. The test cells have a cell gap of 50 m and the polymer precursor is polymerised under UV irradiation (Dymax 3.3 mW/cm.sup.2 using a long pass filter (380 nm, Schott GG380). The irradiation time is 3 min.

[0417] The filled test cells are then investigated with respect to the physical properties of the systems comprising of the liquid crystalline media and the polymerisation product of the reactive monomers.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 1 Compositions of the mixtures investigated Material C-1 RM-1 PM-C IRG-819 Example Mixture Composition Number Concentration/mass-% C-1 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.1 95.0 1.67 3.33 0.20 1.2 92.5 2.5 5.00 0.20 1.3 90.0 3.33 6.67 0.20

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 2 Physical Properties (at 20 C.) of the mixtures investigated prior to polymerisation Mixture C-1 M-1.1 M-1.2 M-1.3 Propertye Value T(N, I)/ C. 173 t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. (1 kHz) 4.51 4.05 3.94 3.71 k.sub.1/pN 17.2 16.1 15.7 14.2 k.sub.3/pN 39.9 35.2 36.5 36.4 V.sub.0/V 2.06 2.11 2.11 2.07 V.sub.0 in 50 um test cell, described above.

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 3 Physical Properties (at 20 C.) of the mixtures investigated after polymerisation Mixture C-1 M-1.1 M-1.2 M-1.3 Propertye Value T(N, I)/ C. n.a. t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. (1 kHz) n.a. t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. k.sub.1/pN n.a. t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. k.sub.3/pN n.a. t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. V.sub.0/V n.a. t.b.d. t.b.d. t.b.d. Remarks: t.b.d.: to be determined n.a.: not applicable

[0418] The liquid crystalline materials showed significantly improved (i.e. shorter) response times after polymerisation of the polymer precursor.

Example 2

[0419] A liquid-crystal mixture M-2 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00011 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 26.0 2 PGIGI-3-CL 8.0 3 PGIGI-5-CL 20.0 4 PGIGI-5-F 9.0 5 PPTY-3-4 3.0 6 PYGP-3-5 5.0 7 PYGP-5-3 5.0 8 CGPC-3-5 3.0 9 CGPC-5-5 5.0 10 CPGP-5-2 8.0 11 CPGP-5-3 8.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 171 C. n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.7859 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.2954 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 6.4 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 2.0 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 650 mPa .Math. s

[0420] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 4 Properties of mixture M-2 at 19 GHz T/ C. .sub.r, .sub.r,|| tan .sub. r, tan .sub. r,|| .sub. r 11.27 2.40 2.97 0.0109 0.0026 0.19 17.45 29.71 2.41 2.97 0.0159 0.0037 0.19 11.70 58.28 2.41 2.97 0.0252 0.0061 0.18 7.07 87.50 2.40 2.89 0.0372 0.0097 0.17 4.51 Note: at 20 C., the following is obtained approximately by intrapolation: .sub.r = 0.56, tan .sub. r, = 0.013 and = 14.5.

[0421] For comparison, the compound 4-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (also called 5CB or K15, Merck KGaA) gives tan .sub.r,=0.026 and =4.3 at 20 C.

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 5 Comparison of the properties at 19 GHz and 20 C. Example Liquid crystal .sub.r .sub. r, 1 M-1 0.56 0.013 14.5 2 M-2 0.56 0.014 15 Comparison 5CB 0.026 4.3

Example 3

[0422] A liquid-crystal mixture M-3 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00014 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 26.0 2 PGIGI-3-CL 8.0 3 PGIGI-5-CL 20.0 4 PGIGI-5-F 5.0 5 PPTY-3-4 3.0 6 PYGP-4-4 4.0 7 PYGP-5-3 5.0 8 CCZPC-3-5 3.0 9 CGPC-3-5 3.0 10 CGPC-5-5 5.0 11 CPGP-5-2 8.0 12 CPGP-5-3 8.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 179.5 C. n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.7861 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.3118

[0423] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 6 Properties of mixture M-3 at 19 GHz T/ C. .sub.r, .sub.r,|| tan .sub. r, tan .sub. r,|| .sub. r FoM 11.49 2.41 2.98 0.0108 0.0028 0.19 17.77 20.29 2.42 2.98 0.0130 0.0033 0.19 14.50 25.02 2.42 2.97 0.0143 0.0035 0.19 13.08 29.80 2.42 2.97 0.0155 0.0038 0.19 11.99 34.55 2.42 2.96 0.0169 0.0041 0.18 10.95 58.29 2.41 2.93 0.0246 0.0062 0.18 7.20 77.56 2.40 2.90 0.0319 0.0087 0.17 5.36 97.57 2.40 2.86 0.0406 0.0116 0.16 4.00 Note: at 20 C., the following is obtained approximately by intrapolation: .sub.r = 0.56, tan .sub. r, = 0.014 and = 15.

Example 4

[0424] A liquid-crystal mixture M-4 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00016 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-5-CL 20.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 20.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 20.0 5 PPTUI-4-4 16.0 6 CPGP-5-2 7.0 7 CPGP-5-3 7.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 170.1 C. n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.5267 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.2918 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 7.8 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 4.4 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 698 mPa .Math. s

[0425] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 5

[0426] A liquid-crystal mixture M-5 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00017 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-5-CL 19.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 18.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 18.0 5 PPTUI-4-4 10.0 6 PGIGP-3-5 6.00 7 PPGU-3-F 3.00 8 CPGP-5-2 8.0 9 CPGP-5-3 8.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 183.5 C. n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.283 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 8.0 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 3.5 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 753 mPa .Math. s

[0427] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters.

Example 6

[0428] A liquid-crystal mixture M-6 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00018 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-5-CL 17.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 13.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 13.0 5 PPTUI-4-4 10.0 6 PPGU-3-F 3.0 7 PPGU-4-F 3.0 8 PPGU-V2-F 3.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 7.0 10 PGIGP-5-5 7.0 11 CPGP-5-2 7.0 12 CPGP-5-3 7.0 100.0 Physical properties

[0429] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 7

[0430] A liquid-crystal mixture M-7 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00019 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 17.0 2 PPTUI-3-2 20.0 3 PPTUI-3-4 20.0 4 PPTUI-4-4 10.0 5 PPGU-3-F 3.0 6 PPGU-4-F 3.0 7 PPGU-V2-F 3.0 8 PGIGP-3-4 5.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 5.0 10 CPGP-5-2 7.0 11 CPGP-5-3 7.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 198.0 C. .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 7.7 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 3.5

[0431] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 8

[0432] A liquid-crystal mixture M-8 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00020 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-5-CL 20.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 15.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 20.0 5 PPGU-3-F 3.0 6 PPGU-4-F 3.0 7 PPGU-V2-F 3.0 8 PGIGP-3-4 5.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 5.0 10 CPGP-5-2 8.0 11 CPGP-5-3 8.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 193.0 C. .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 8.7 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 3.5

[0433] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 9

[0434] A liquid-crystal mixture M-9 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00021 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-5-CL 19.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 18.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 18.0 5 PPTUI-4-4 10.0 6 PPGU-3-F 2.0 7 PPGU-4-F 2.0 8 PPGU-V2-F 2.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 5.0 10 CPGP-5-2 7.0 11 CPGP-5-3 7.0 100.0 Physical properties

[0435] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 10

[0436] A liquid-crystal mixture M-10 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00022 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 PGP-2-5 10.0 2 PGP-3-4 10.0 3 PGP-3-7 15.0 4 PGP-2-2V 5.0 5 PYP-2-2V 10.0 6 PYP-2-4 10.0 7 PYP-2-5 20.0 8 PYP-3-5 15.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 5.0 100.0 Physical properties

[0437] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 11

[0438] A liquid-crystal mixture M-11 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00023 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-F 10.0 2 GGP-5-F 10.0 3 GGP-3-CL 10.0 4 GGP-4-CL 20.0 5 GGP-5-CL 20.0 6 GGP-6-CL 10.0 7 GGPP-5-3 5.0 8 PGGP-3-5 5.0 9 PGGP-3-6 5.0 10 PGGP-5-3 5.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 134.5 C. n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.8036 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.2774 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 15.2 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 10.2 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 758 mPa .Math. s

[0439] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 12

[0440] A liquid-crystal mixture M-12 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00024 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-F 5.0 2 GGP-3-CL 10.0 3 GGP-4-CL 10.0 4 GGP-5-CL 15.0 5 GGP-5-3 20.0 6 PGP-2-5 10.0 7 PGP-3-7 15.0 8 PGP-2-2V 10.0 9 PGGP-3-5 5.0 100.0 Physical properties n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.7885 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.2640 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 8.8 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 4.7 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 660 mPa .Math. s

[0441] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 13

[0442] A liquid-crystal mixture M-13 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00025 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 10.0 2 GGP-4-CL 20.0 3 GGP-5-CL 20.0 4 GGP-6-CL 10.0 5 GGP-5-3 25.0 6 PGGP-3-5 5.0 7 PGGP-3-6 5.0 8 PGGP-5-3 5.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 124.5 C. n.sub.e (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 1.7951 n (20 C., 589.3 nm) = 0.2709 .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 11.6 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 6.8 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 895 mPa .Math. s

[0443] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

Example 14 a

[0444] A liquid-crystal mixture M-14 a having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00026 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-3-CL 5.0 2 GGP-5-CL 19.0 3 PGU-7-F 2.0 4 PPTUI-3-2 18.0 5 PPTUI-3-4 18.0 6 PPTUI-4-4 10.0 7 PPGU-7-F 2.0 8 PGIGP-3-5 6.0 9 DPGU-3-F 2.0 10 DPGU-3-OT 2.0 11 CPGP-5-2 8.0 12 CPGP-5-3 8.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 184.5 C.

[0445] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters or LC based antenna elements in MW region.

TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 4 Properties of mixture M-14 at 30 GHz T/ C. .sub.r, .sub.r,|| tan .sub. r, tan .sub. r,|| .sub. r 9.47 2.51 2.92 0.0094 0.0035 0.140 15.0 19.67 2.51 2.92 0.0115 0.0041 0.139 12.1 30.07 2.49 2.94 0.0135 0.0046 0.152 11.2 40.52 2.44 2.96 0.0169 0.0046 0.175 10.3 50.17 2.36 2.96 0.0214 0.0050 0.204 9.48 59.99 2.34 2.94 0.0246 0.0056 0.204 8.24 70.41 2.34 2.93 0.0276 0.0061 0.199 7.22 79.74 2.35 2.91 0.0291 0.0067 0.195 6.69 84.52 2.35 2.91 0.0295 0.0071 0.192 6.51 Note: at 20 C., the following is obtained approximately by intrapolation: .sub.r = 2.51, tan .sub. r, = 0.0115, .sub. r = 0.140 and = 14.5.

Example 14 b

[0446] A liquid-crystal mixture M-14 b having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00028 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 20.0 2 PGU-3-CL 2.0 3 PGU-4-OT 2.0 4 PGP-F-OT 3.0 5 PPTUI-3-2 13.0 6 PPTUI-3-4 15.0 7 PPTUI-4-4 20.0 8 PPGU-7-F 2.0 9 PGIGP-3-5 6.0 10 CPTP-3-2 3.0 11 DPGU-3-F 2.0 12 DPGU-3-OT 2.0 13 CPGP-5-2 4.0 14 CPGP-5-3 6.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 175.5 C.

[0447] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters.

Example 15

[0448] A liquid-crystal mixture M-15 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00029 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 10.0 2 GGP-6-CL 5.0 3 PGP-3-2V 3.0 4 PGP-2-2V 3.0 5 PPTUI-3-2 15.0 6 PPTUI-3-4 18.0 7 PPTUI-4-4 21.0 8 PPGU-7-F 2.0 9 PPGU-V2-F 2.0 10 PGIGP-3-5 7.0 11 CPTP-3-2 4.0 12 CPGU-3-OT 2.0 13 CPGU-4-OT 2.0 14 DPGU-3-OT 2.0 15 CPGP-5-2 4.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 178 C.

[0449] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters.

Example 16

[0450] A liquid-crystal mixture M-16 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00030 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-CL 20.0 2 GGP-5-3 12.0 3 PPTUI-3-2 12.0 4 PPTUI-3-4 16.0 5 PPTUI-4-4 20.0 6 PGUQU-5-F 5.0 7 PGGP-3-5 5.0 8 PGGP-3-6 4.0 9 APGP-3-3 3.0 10 APGP-3-4 3.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 159.5 C. .sub. (20 C., 1 kHz) = 7.9 (20 C., 1 kHz) = 4.3 .sub.1 (20 C.) = 686 mPa .Math. s

[0451] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters.

Example 17

[0452] A liquid-crystal mixture M-17 having the composition and properties as indicated in the following table is prepared.

TABLE-US-00031 Composition Compound No. Abbreviation 1 GGP-5-3 10.0 2 PPTUI-3-F 8.0 3 PPTUI-4-F 8.0 4 PPTUI-3-2 12.0 5 PPTUI-3-4 16.0 6 PPTUI-4-4 20.0 7 PPTUI-3-A4 5.0 8 PGUQU-5-F 7.0 9 PGGP-3-5 4.0 10 PGGP-3-6 4.0 11 APGP-3-3 3.0 12 APGP-3-4 3.0 100.0 Physical properties T(N, I) = 169 C.

[0453] This mixture is very highly suitable for applications in the microwave range, in particular for phase shifters.

[0454] The mixtures of examples 2 to 17 are treated and investigated as described under example 1. The resultant composite systems comprising the polymerised polymer porecursors show comparably good properties. They are characterized in particular by improved response times.