Abstract
A cardiopulmonary lightning protection garment fabricated of an electrically conductive textile, or other suitable body shielding material, forms a fast flashover facilitating, electrical shield of at least an upper portion of the body, and includes a region of reduced conductivity adjacent the wearer's heart. The protective garment also includes a grounding member providing a movable connection between the conductive body shield and a local ground plane. Various configurations of the basic garment are contemplated, including a hooded jacket, hooded raincoat, padded vest, rain poncho, and the like. In various embodiments, the grounding member is a strap-like tail attached to the electrical body shield at an upper end, and having a weighted lower end for maintaining a sliding contact with the ground. In other embodiments, the lower end is attached to a wearer's shoe.
Claims
1. A protective garment comprising: electrically conductive material configured to form a fast flash-over-facilitating shield around a wearer's body, wherein the electically conductive material is disposed to intermittenly on the garment to create intermittent areas of conduction and reduced conduction or no conduction, and wherein the electically conductive material comprises at least one of the metallic nano-strands or a nano-reinforced carbon fiber composite material.
2. The protective garment of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material is disposed on a surface of the garment.
3. The protective garment of claim 1, further comprising a second material having a reduced level of electrical conductivity, wherein the second material is configured to establish a low conductivity zone over a portion of a wearer's body.
4. The protective garment of claim 3, wherein the low conductivity zone is configured to be proximate a wearer's heart.
5. The protective garment of claim 1, wherein independent portions of electrically conductive material are disposed on the garment.
6. The protective garment of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises a textile fabric with electrically conductive fibers.
7. The protective garment of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material is disposed on the garment such that the electrically conductive material is not present on portions of the garment, forming and area of low or no conductivity and a series of intermittent intervals of conductivity and low or no conductivity branching form the area of low or no conductivity, and wherein the area of low or no conductivity is configured to be proximate a wearer's heart.
8. A protective garment comprising: a base garment; an electrically conductive material having a higher electrical conductivity than the base garment, wherein the electrically conductive material is configured to form fast-flash-over-facilitating shield around a wearer's body, and wherein the electrically conductive material is disposed intermittently on the garment, and a low conductivity material, having a lower electrical conductivity than the base garment material, wherein the low conductivity material is disposed where the electrically conductive material is not present such that the electrically conductive material and the low conductivity material do not overlap, and wherein the low-conductivity material is electrically connected at its edges to the electrically conductive material.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
(1) FIG. 1 is a pictorial side view illustrating a cardiopulmonary lightning protection garment providing a fast flashover facilitating, electrically conductive body shield (not illustrated) and a grounding strap with weighted end.
(2) FIG. 2 is a partial side view that illustrates an electrically conductive layer enclosed between cloth layers for use in manufacture of the protective garment of FIG. 1.
(3) FIG. 3 is a partial front view illustrating a region of the conductive body shield having a reduced conductivity in the vicinity of the heart.
(4) FIG. 4 is a partial side view illustrating an electrical connection between a conductive body shield and a grounding strap made of a flexible conductor, and illustrating a weighted end.
(5) FIG. 5 is a partial plan view that illustrates an alternative configuration for a grounding strap made of a cloth-covered extension of the conductive body shield, and illustrating a weighted end.
(6) FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate alternative arrangements of a reduced conductivity region near the heart.
(7) FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an alternative construction for the lower end of the grounding strap, that is here shown attached to the heel of the shoe rather than having a weighted lower end.
(8) TABLE-US-00001 List of Reference Symbols in Drawing Figures Ref. Symbol Element Name 100 Lightning cardiopulmonary protection garment, generally 102 Garment body (including a conductive body shield) 104 Garment hood (including a portion of the conductive shield) 106 Garment pocket 108 Grounding strap 110 Weighted end 112 Local ground plane 200 Garment cloth including electrically conductive layer, generally 202 Electrically conductive layer 204, 206 Cloth layer 300 Lightning cardiopulmonary protection garment, generally 302 Electrically conductive body shield 304 Reduced conductivity heart-protection region 306 Reduced conductivity material 308 Garment hood (including portion of conductive shield) 400 Details of electrical connection, generally 402 Electrically conductive layer 404 Ground strap 406 Electrical connection 408 Weighted end 410, 412 Cloth layers 500 Alternative ground strap configuration, generally 502 Conductive shield material 504 Electrical connection 506 Ground strap 508 Weighted end 600 Conductive body shields with reduced conductivity regions, generally 602, 606, Conductive shield 610, 614 604, 608, Low-conductivity region 612, 616 700 Lightning cardiopulmonary protection garment, generally 702 Garment body (including a conductive body shield) 704 Garment pocket 706 Grounding strap 708 Shoe 709 Heel and sole of shoe 710 Local ground plane 712 Lower end of grounding strap 714 Attachment to heel of shoe 716 Alternative grounding strap 718 Tail end of grounding strap 720 Lower end of alternative grounding strap END OF LIST
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
(9) With reference to FIG. 1, there is shown a pictorial side view illustrating a cardiopulmonary lightning protection garment providing a fast flashover facilitating, electrically conductive body shield (not illustrated) and a grounding strap with weighted end. The protective garment is designated generally by reference numeral 100, and includes a garment body 102, a hood 104, pocket 106, and a grounding strap 108 with weighted end 110 in contact with a local ground plane 112. When not in use, grounding strap 108 and weighted end 110 are carried within pocket 106.
(10) In a specific embodiment, garment 100 is manufactured out of cloth so that it appears to be normal clothing, specifically, a hooded jacket as shown in FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the textile out of which the jacket hood, body, and sleeves are constructed includes a fast flashover facilitating, electrically conductive body shield having a heart protection region located at the chest area adjacent to the wearer's heart. Grounding strap 108 is electrically connected at its upper end to the conductive body shield, and in the event of a lightning strike, carries the electrical charge away from the heart, across the shield, and to the local ground plane 112. Weighted end 110 ensures that the grounding strap remains in a sliding contact with local ground plane 112 as the wearer moves about. The contact can also be characterized as movable.
(11) FIG. 2 is a partial side view that illustrates an electrically conductive layer enclosed between cloth layers for use in manufacture of the protective garment of FIG. 1. The specific construction detail is designated generally by reference numeral 200, and includes electrically conductive layer 202 sandwiched between cloth layers 204, 206.
(12) Various forms of conductive layer 202 are contemplated including enclosure between cloth layers, as shown in FIG. 2 and taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,284,280, and as an intermediate layer of the garment as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 6,272,781. Other arrangements with and without additional cloth layers include a textile fabric with integrated electrically conductive fibers as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,004; a nano-reinforced carbon fiber composite material as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,832,983; and a metallic nano-strand conductive composite material as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 7,947,773. The teachings of all US patents cited in this document are incorporated herein by reference.
(13) In various other embodiments, the garment is manufactured from a sandwiched construction such as illustrated in FIG. 2. The electrically conductive layer 202 forms a fast flashover facilitating, electrically conductive body shield by having seams of the garment join adjacent parts of the conductive layer 202 so that the resulting garment forms an electrically conductive entity.
(14) FIG. 3 is a partial front view illustrating a region of the conductive body shield having a reduced conductivity in the vicinity of the heart. The details of the body shield and the reduced conductivity region are designated generally by reference numeral 300 and include an electrically conductive body shield 302 having a reduced conductivity heart-protection region 304 covered by a reduced conductivity material 306, and garment hood 308 also including a portion of the body shield 302.
(15) In various embodiments, the body shield 302 is made of the electrically conductive layer 202 of FIG. 2 and, in the specific embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, encloses the torso body, hood and sleeves of the garment 300. The parts from which the body shield is constructed are connected at the construction seams to form an electrically conductive whole. A region adjacent to the wearer's heart (circular area 304 inside the dashed line at the left side of the chest) is made of a material 306 having a reduced electrical conductivity as compared with the conductivity of the remainder of the body shield 302. In some embodiments the body shield 302 has a first level of conductivity while the heart-protection region 304 has a second level of conductivitya region of reduced conductivity. In other embodiments, the region 304 near the heart is a void in the body shield, and thus has zero conductivity. The purpose of the heart-protection region is to direct the intense lightning charge of short duration away from the heart, without interfering with the facilitating of a fast flashover, to prevent or lessen the chance of cardiopulmonary arrest.
(16) FIG. 4 is a partial side view illustrating an electrical connection between a conductive body shield and a grounding strap made of a flexible conductor, and illustrating a weighted end. Details of the electrical connection are designated generally by reference numeral 400, and include electrically conductive layer 402, ground strap 404, electrical connection 406, weighted end 408, and cloth layers 410, 412. The electrical connection between the conductive layer 402, used to form the conductive body shield, and the ground strap 404, completes an electrical circuit permitting the ground strap 404 to carry the lightning charge from the body shield down to ground (112 of FIG. 1).
(17) FIG. 5 is a partial plan view that illustrates an alternative configuration for a grounding strap made of a cloth-covered extension of the conductive body shield, and illustrating a weighted end. Details of the alternative grounding strap configuration are designated generally by the reference numeral 500, and include conductive shield material 502, electrical connection 504, ground strap 506, and weighted end 508. This configuration replaces the flexible conductor 404 of FIG. 4 with a cloth strap having an internal electrical conductor such as the conductive layer 202 of FIG. 2. The strap and its weighted end are carried in a garment pocket when not in use. An alternative embodiment allows the weighted end 508 to be attached inside the garment using Velcro, an ordinary button, or like attachment (not illustrated), e.g., attached up inside to a garment inner lining. In general, non-metallic fasteners are preferred because of the extreme voltages present during a lightning strike.
(18) FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate alternative arrangements of a low-conductivity region near the heart. The figures illustrate a front chest region of a body shield and region of low conductivity. The various low-conductivity regions are designated generally by reference numeral 600 and include high-conductivity shields 602, 606, 610, and 614, and regions of low conductivity 604, 608, 612, and 616, respectively.
(19) One variation in the regions of low-conductivity is that they are of different size and shape. In particular, the region 612 in FIG. 6C is open adjacent to the wearer's heart on the center-left side of the chest area and includes rib-like horizontal extensions of the conductive body shield 610 on the right side of the chest.
(20) FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate an alternative construction for the lower end of the grounding strap, that is here shown attached to the heel of the shoe rather than having a weighted lower end. FIG. 7A illustrates a lightning cardiopulmonary protection garment that is indicated generally by the reference numeral 700, and includes a garment 702 having a conductive body shield (not illustrated), a garment pocket 704, an alternative grounding strap 706 attached 712 to the heel of shoe 708, and illustrating a local ground plane 710. The electrical contact with the local ground plane is more intermittent than sliding, when this alternative construction is used. The contact can also be characterized as movable.
(21) FIG. 7B is a partial side view of shoe 708 of FIG. 7A showing heel and sole 709, and a lower end 712 of alternative grounding strap 706 attached to the heel region of shoe 708 by means of attachment 714, such as Velcro. Various embodiments of attachment 714 are not electrically conductive, for example, the Velcro attachment. Nor, in general, are the heel and sole 709 of the shoe conductive. Other embodiments of shoes having electrically conductive heels, soles, and/or metal spikes, such as golf shoes (not illustrated), are also contemplated.
(22) FIG. 7C illustrates an alternative grounding strap 716 including a tail portion 718 at the extreme lower end. In various embodiments, the grounding strap 716 is made of, or includes, electrically conductive material that extends into the region 718 and drags along the local ground plane (not illustrated). When spiked shoes are worn, the tail region 718 can be attached by pressing spikes near the rear region of heel 709 through a portion of the tail region 718 that is allowed to extend under the heel of the shoe (not illustrated). In another variation, the conductive grounding strap 706 connecting the body shield with the heel of shoe 708 is doubled, one strap for each shoe, to distribute the charge equally between both legs (FIG. 7A). In another variation, a wire or other conductive strap connects the heels of both shoes (not illustrated) while permitting normal movement.
(23) In other embodiments of the protective shield (e.g., FIGS. 6A-6D), the region of low-conductivity (e.g., 604 of FIG. 6A) is made of a material having a significantly lower conductivity than the surrounding protective shield (602). The purpose of the shield is to facilitate a fast flashover, and to collect the electrical charge and direct it away from the region of the heart and to the grounding member (e.g., 108 of FIG. 1) that is making contact with a local ground plane (Earth), either directly or through the shoe (FIG. 7A).
(24) Use of a material of low conductivity in the region near the heart helps direct the charge away from the heart. In various embodiments that use a low-conductivity material in the heart region, the low-conductivity material is electrically connected at its edges to the higher-conductivity of the surrounding regions (not illustrated). In other embodiments, the low-conductivity region is created as a conductive void in the material of the protective shield. The phrase conductive void as used here refers to a holean absence of conductive material in the body shield. The cloth, of course, remains covering the heart region so that the garment appears natural. In another variation (not illustrated) the body shield does not include a region of reduced conductivity near the heart; instead, the protective body shield also covers the heart region with high conductivity material, and relies instead upon facilitating a fast flashover and electrical body shielding for protection.
(25) While the invention has been described in relation to the embodiments shown in the accompanying Drawing figures, other embodiments, alternatives and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. It is intended that the Specification be exemplary only, and that the true scope and spirit of the invention be indicated by the following Claims.
