Method and device for electric satellite propulsion

Abstract

An electric propulsion device for a satellite equipped with at least four active thrusters exerting a parallel thrust upon a transfer, the device comprises means for detecting a thruster failure and means for reorienting the thrusters, and comprises means for computing a reorientation angle of the thrusters remaining active upon a failure of a thruster, the value of the angle being computed to reorient at least two of the remaining thrusters in order to cancel the total torque about the center of mass of the satellite.

Claims

1. A propulsion device for a satellite equipped with at least four active thrusters used in parallel, exerting a parallel thrust upon a transfer, the device comprising means for detecting a thruster failure and means for reorienting the thrusters, the device further comprising means for computing a reorientation angle of the thrusters remaining active upon a failure of a thruster, said reorientation angle being computed to reorient at least two of the remaining active thrusters according to a same computed reorientation angle in order to cancel the total torque about the center of mass of the satellite, wherein two active thrusters are reoriented according to the computed reorientation angle.

2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thrusters are associated with mechanisms formed toward an anti-earth face of the satellite.

3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the active thrusters are reoriented according to the same computed reorientation angle.

4. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thrusters are electric thrusters.

5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thrusters are Hall-effect thrusters.

6. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the thrusters are gated ion motors.

7. A satellite comprising a propulsion device for said satellite equipped with at least four active thrusters used in parallel, exerting a parallel thrust upon a transfer, the device comprising means for detecting a thruster failure and means for reorienting the thrusters, the device further comprising means for computing a reorientation angle of the thrusters remaining active upon a failure of a thruster, said reorientation angle being computed to reorient at least two of the remaining active thrusters according to a same computed reorientation angle in order to cancel the total torque about the center of mass of the satellite, wherein two active thrusters are reoriented according to the computed reorientation angle.

8. A method for reorienting the thrusters of an electric propulsion device for a satellite equipped with at least four active thrusters exerting a parallel thrust upon a transfer, the method comprising the steps of: detecting a failure of one of the thrusters, computing a reorientation angle of the thrusters remaining active, a value of said reorientation angle being computed in order to cancel the total torque about the center of mass of the satellite; and reorienting, by the value of said reorientation angle, at least two of the thrusters remaining active, wherein two active thrusters are reoriented according to the computed reorientation angle.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Different aspects and advantages of the invention will emerge with the support of the description of a preferred mode of implementation of the invention, but nonlimiting, with reference to the figures below:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a nominal transfer configuration using four thrusters;

(3) FIG. 2 is a projection on an axis of the configuration of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a transfer configuration using two thrusters in the event of failure;

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a transfer configuration using three thrusters in the event of failure;

(6) FIG. 5 is an illustration of a transfer using three thrusters according to a first mode of the invention;

(7) FIG. 6 is an illustration of a transfer using three thrusters in another configuration of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a satellite 100 on which the device of the invention is advantageously implemented. The satellite is generally equipped with solar panels (102,104) which are fixed to the north and south walls of the satellite. In the example chosen, the satellite is equipped with four thrusters (106A, 1066, 106C, 106D) mounted on pointing mechanisms that are not represented but consisting of articulated elements allowing for thruster orientation movements. The U.S. Pat. No. 6,032,904 from D. Hosick describes such satellite thruster attachment devices.

(9) The thrusters are preferentially electric thrusters, typically Hall-effect thrusters or gated ion motors.

(10) These thrusters are mounted on one or more pointing mechanisms allowing them to have an equal or similar direction of thrust.

(11) FIG. 2 is a simplified representation in a plane YZ of the general four-thruster configuration of FIG. 1. The elements that are identical from one figure to another are indicated by the same references. In the interests of clarity of the description and for simplicity, the thrusters are assumed to all be in the plane YZ of the center of mass. However, a person skilled in the art will understand that the principles of the present invention can be applied to the more general case in which the thrusters are not all in the same plane. The relative position of the center of thrust of the thrusters relative to the center of mass is located at a distance denoted a on the axis Z and a distance denoted b on the axis Y. The figure illustrates an optimal electric transfer case using four thrusters. As shown by the arrows (206A, 206B, 206C, 206D), the four thrusters thrust in the same direction. The total thrust is therefore four times the individual thrust of each thruster. The control of the trajectory (piloting) can be done in two ways:

(12) either the thrust of each thruster is modulated so as to adjust the position of the overall thrust vector relative to the center of mass;

(13) or the direction of thrust of each thruster is adjusted by virtue of a pointing mechanism again so as to adjust the position of the overall thrust vector relative to the center of mass.

(14) FIG. 3 is a simplified view on an axis YZ in the case of failure of one of the four thrusters of a satellite such as that of FIG. 1. In the case illustrated, only two thrusters remaining active are used according to their initial thrust axis represented by the arrows (306A, 306c). The resultant thrust is then equal to only two times the thrust of one thruster, which significantly lengthens the transfer time.

(15) FIG. 4 illustrates, in a simplified view on an axis YZ, the case of failure of one of the four thrusters of a satellite such as that of FIG. 1 in which the three remaining thrusters are used by being reoriented. The reorientation is done in such a way that the direction of thrust passes through the center of mass, as indicated by the arrows (406A, 406B, 406C). The overall thrust is not the sum of the thrusts of the three thrusters, and the transfer is not optimized.

(16) FIG. 5 illustrates, in a simplified view on an axis YZ, the case of failure of one of the four thrusters of a satellite such as that of FIG. 1 with a reorientation of the three thrusters remaining active according to the principle of the invention. When a thruster failure is detected, the thrusters remaining active are reoriented to allow an optimal transfer using all the active thrusters. The reorientation is computed in such a way that an angle denoted between the direction of thrust of a thruster and the axis Z of the satellite is identical for all three thrusters, the angle being computed in order to cancel the total torque about the center of mass of the satellite. As is well known to those skilled in the art, in mechanics, a null torque means that the resultant of the forces passes through the center of mass.

(17) In a simplified manner, the angle is computed according to the following equation:
tan()=b/(3a),(1)
in which
a is the distance on the axis Z of the relative position of the center of thrust of the thrusters relative to the center of mass, and in which b is the distance on the axis Y of the relative position of the center of thrust of the thrusters relative to the center of mass.

(18) No particular description is given concerning the pointing mechanisms which make it possible to reorient the thrusters when the reorientation angle has been computed, but a person skilled in the art will appreciate that current mechanisms can be used.

(19) FIG. 6 represents a variant application of the principle of the invention in which a constraint on the pointing mechanisms is applied in order to avoid orienting the thrust of the thrusters under the satellite. This constraint can originate either from a technological limitation for the mechanisms, or from the provision of other equipment items on the satellite which would not tolerate interference with the plasma jet from the thrusters.

(20) In the variant of FIG. 6, the reorientation angle of the active thrusters is applied to only two thrusters, the third not being reoriented and remaining pointed in axis Z in the example of FIG. 6.

(21) The reorientation angle denoted to be applied between the direction of thrust of two thrusters and the axis Z of the satellite is computed according to the following simplified formula:
b=2 cos()*(ba*tan()),
in which
a is the distance on the axis Z of the relative position of the center of thrust of the thrusters relative to the center of mass, and in which b is the distance on the axis Y of the relative position of the center of thrust of the thrusters relative to the center of mass.

(22) In a variant implementation, it is possible to provide additional thrusters, which are either fixed and directed toward the center of mass, or mounted on orientation mechanisms. These additional thrusters make it possible to have a redundant thruster for cases in which the satellite is powerful enough to use four thrusters or more in transfer. More generally, the device makes it possible to have an n+1 redundancy for n thrusters.

(23) The present description illustrates a preferential implementation of the invention, but is nonlimiting. An example has been chosen to allow a good understanding of the principles of the invention, and a concrete application, but it is in no way exhaustive and should allow a person skilled in the art to add modifications and variants of implementation while keeping the same principles.