Test Unit for Quantitative Analysis of a Contact Pattern on a Tooth Surface of a Gear, Method for Quantitative Analysis and use of the Test Unit

Abstract

A test unit for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern and a method for quantitative analysis are provided. The test unit comprises an optoelectronic sensor that captures images of a contact pattern paint on a tooth surface of a gear. Furthermore, the test unit comprises a control unit, which is configured to determine and store a first distribution of an optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from the first image. This is captured prior to testing of the gear. After the tooth surface is exposed to a test load, a second image is captured and a second distribution of the optical parameter is determined. The control unit is configured to perform a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on the tooth surface by determining a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter.

Claims

1. A test unit for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface of a gear, in particular a test unit for a gear of a wind generator, wherein the test unit comprises: a) an optoelectronic sensor to capture images of a contact pattern paint on a tooth surface of the gear, b) a control unit, which is configured to determine and store a first distribution of an optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from a first image, which is captured before the tooth surface is exposed to a test load, and to determine and store a second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from a second image, which is captured after the tooth surface is exposed to the test load, and wherein c) the control unit is further configured to perform a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on the tooth surface by determining a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface.

2. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic sensor is a camera which is configured to capture images of the tooth surface.

3. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic sensor is a color sensor which is configured to capture color images of the tooth surface, and wherein the optical parameter is a color, a color intensity, a hue, or a brightness of the contact pattern paint, or the optical parameter is a combination of two or more of a color, a color intensity, a hue, or a brightness of the contact pattern paint.

4. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the optoelectronic sensor is a grayscale sensor which is configured to capture grayscale images of the tooth surface, and wherein the optical parameter is a brightness of the contact pattern paint.

5. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a face load distribution across the tooth surface from the deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter.

6. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the control unit is further configured to determine a face load factor of the tooth surface from the deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter.

7. The test unit according to claim 1, wherein the test unit is a portable device.

8. A method for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface of a gear, in particular of a gear of a wind generator, the method comprising the steps of; a) applying a contact pattern paint on a tooth surface of the gear, b) capturing a first image of the tooth surface, c) determining and storing a first distribution of an optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface; from the first image, d) performing a test of the gear, wherein the tooth surface is exposed to a test load, e) subsequently capturing a second image of the tooth surface, f) determining a second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from the second image, and g) performing a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on the tooth surface by determining a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface.

9. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of capturing the first or second image includes capturing of a digital image of the tooth surface.

10. The method according to claim 11, wherein the captured image is a color image and the optical parameter is a color, a color intensity, a hue, or a brightness of the contact pattern paint, or the optical parameter is a combination of two or more of a color, a color intensity, a hue or a brightness of the contact pattern paint.

11. The method according to claim 11, wherein the captured image is a grayscale image and the optical parameter is a brightness of the contact pattern paint.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of performing the quantitative analysis further includes determining a face load across the tooth surface from a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the step of performing the quantitative analysis further includes determining a face load factor from the deviation between the first and the second two-dimensional distribution of the optical parameter.

14. A portable or mobile device configured to perform a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface of a gear, in particular of a gear of a wind generator, the device comprising: a portable or mobile lest unit configured to a) apply a contact pattern paint on a tooth surface of the gear, b) capture a first image of the tooth surface, c) determine and store a first distribution of an optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from the first image, d) perform a test of the gear, wherein the tooth surface is exposed to a test load, e) subsequently capture a second image of the tooth surface, f) determine a second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from the second image, and g) perform a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on the tooth surface by determining a deviation between the first and the second distribution of that optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface.

15. A method for using a test unit for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface of a gear of a wind generator, the method comprising the steps of: a) using an optoelectronic sensor to capture images of a contact pattern paint on a tooth surface of the gear. b) using a control unit, which is configured to determine and store a first distribution of an optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from a first image, which is captured before the tooth surface is exposed to a test load, and to determine and store a second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface from a second image, which is captured after the tooth surface is exposed to the test load. c) farther using the control unit to perform a quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on the tooth surface by determining a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface.

16. The test unit according to claim 2, wherein the camera is a digital camera.

17. The test unit according to claim 3, wherein the color sensor is a color camera.

18. The test unit according to claim 64 wherein the grayscale sensor is a black and white camera.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and from the accompanying drawings to which reference is made. In the drawings:

[0025] FIG. 1 is a simplified drawing showing a test unit according to an embodiment of the invention, and

[0026] FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a quantitative analysis of the contact pattern paint on a tooth surface, according to another embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In the simplified drawing of FIG. 1, there is a test unit 2 for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface 4 of a gear 6. Merely for simplification of the drawing, only a section of the gear 6 is depicted in FIG. 1. In particular, the gear 6 forms part of a wind generator.

[0028] The test unit 2 comprises an optoelectronic sensor 8 that captures images of a contact pattern paint, which is applied on the tooth surfaces 4. In particular, the optoelectronic sensor 8 is a camera, for example a digital camera, which is configured to capture digital images of the tooth surface 4. The optoelectronic sensor 8 can be either a color sensor or a grayscale sensor. For example, a digital color camera or a black and white camera, which is either configured to capture digital color images or digital grayscale images of the tooth surface 4, respectively, can be applied.

[0029] The optoelectronic sensor 8 is coupled to a control unit 10 via a data link 12. Both, the control unit 10 and the data link 12 can be configured according to commonly applied technical standard technology, which fits best with the requirements of the test unit 2. For example, the control unit 10 can be a computer, a microcontroller or the like. The data link is a USB or FireWire link, for example.

[0030] In particular, the test unit 2 is a portable unit. For in the field testing of gears, for example a gear, which is installed in a wind generator, a portable unit fits best with the needs of the service technicians.

[0031] The analysis of the contact pattern starts with the application of a contact pattern paint on the tooth surfaces 4. This is performed prior to the test run of the gear 6. The contact pattern paint is typically an oil-resistant deeply colored paint. Conventional contact pattern paints can be applied for testing of the gear 6.

[0032] However, before the test run is performed and the tooth surfaces 4 of the gear 6 are exposed to the test load, a first image of the tooth surface 4 is captured using the optoelectronic sensor 8. The image data is communicated via the data link 12 from the optoelectronic sensor 8 to the control unit 10.

[0033] The control unit 10 is configured to analyze the image data of the captured image. This analysis can be performed with respect to various optical parameters of the contact pattern paint. Suitable optical parameters are for example: the color, the color intensity, the hue, or the brightness. Naturally, this requires a color sensor. Furthermore, the optical parameter can be a combination of two or more of the named parameters. In other words, the optical parameter can be a combination of two or more of the color, the color intensity, the hue, and/or the brightness of the contact pattern paint. When a grayscale sensor is applied, the optical parameter is likely to be the brightness of the contact pattern paint.

[0034] The control unit 10 determines a first distribution of the optical parameter of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface 4. When the optical parameter is, for example, the brightness, a two-dimensional distribution of the brightness of the contact pattern paint across the tooth surface 4 is determined. This can be performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis. In other words, the control unit 10 stores a value of the brightness for each pixel in the captured frame. Each pixel can be assigned to a certain point or a tiny area on the surface 4 of the tooth. In other words, each pixel represents information with respect to a location on the tooth surface 4. The location of an individual pixel together with its brightness value represents one single coordinate in the two-dimensional distribution of the optical parameter. The entirety of locations of the pixels in a single frame together with brightness values, represent one possible two-dimensional distribution of the optical parameter. In a similar way, various other distributions of the optical parameter across the tooth surface 4 can be generated using one or more of the named parameters, for example the hue and/or the color intensity.

[0035] Subsequent to the acquisition and analysis of the first image, a test run is performed. The tooth surface 4 of the gear 6 is exposed to a test load. Subsequent to testing, a second image is captured using the optoelectronic sensor 8.

[0036] This second image provides the data basis for a similar analysis, which was carried out prior to testing. This reveals in a second distribution of the optical parameter, which is also stored in the control unit 10. In contrast to the first image, the second image includes data of partially abraded contact pattern paint. This is due to the load, which was applied in the test run.

[0037] The first distribution of the optical parameter, which characterizes the contact pattern paint prior to testing, and the second distribution of the optical parameter, which characterizes the contact pattern paint after testing, are now available. The control unit 10 calculates a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter. Again, this can be performed on a pixel-by-pixel basis. For example, the values for the brightness of corresponding pixels in the first and second frame can be subtracted. In other words, a brightness difference image is determined by subtracting the brightness values of pixels having the same location.

[0038] This differential picture provides a basis for quantitative analysis of the contact pattern paint, in particular for determination of a quantitative load distribution across the tooth surface 4. In other words, the control unit 10 is configured to determine a quantitative load distribution across the tooth surface 4 from a deviation between the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter. Furthermore, a face load factor can be determined. The calculation of the face load factor will be explained in more detail below.

[0039] The above outlined mode of operation of the control unit is advantageously applicable to various optical parameters. For example, the optical parameter can be the color, the color intensity, or the hue of the contact pattern paint. Also a combination of two or more parameters can serve as the optical parameter. If more than one parameter provides the basis for the optical parameter, the individual parameters forming said optical parameter can also be weighted. The choice of the suitable parameters depends on the particular requirements and circumstances of the gear test. The combination and the weight of the parameters can be tailored to the particular requirements. As already mentioned, the optical sensor 8 can be a color sensor or a grayscale sensor. When the brightness of the contact pattern paint, for example, turns out to be the suitable optical parameter for characterizing the abrasion of the contact pattern paint, a black and white camera will be sufficient. In comparison to a color camera, a black and white camera typically offers the higher spatial resolution. This can be advantageous for some applications.

[0040] The test unit 10 according to aspects of the invention is capable of determining an amount of contact pattern paint, which is abraded from the tooth surface 4 during the test run. This is no self-evident feature since the initial distribution of the contact pattern paint is not necessarily homogeneous. Only by performing a reference measurement, i.e. the first distribution of the optical parameter, can the analysis be a quantitative analysis. This is not based on absolute values but on calibrated values of the optical parameter. With this type of measurement, the influence on the contact pattern paint, which is due to testing, can be filtered out.

[0041] The calibrated measurement enables the control unit 10 to perform a quantitative analysis. Based on the assumption that a load on a particular area on the tooth surface 4 is substantially proportional to a change in one or more of the optical parameters of the contact pattern paint in said area, the load distribution across the tooth surface 4 can be determined. When a certain area of the tooth surface 4 is subject to a high load, the contact pattern paint is expected to be heavily abraded. This will significantly change the optical parameter in this particular area. In other words, areas showing a high change in brightness, for example, are assumed to be exposed to a high load.

[0042] Based on information with respect to a difference between the first and second distribution of the optical parameter, a face load factor can be calculated. Generally, the face load factor is defined as:

[00001]$K_{H.Math..Math.}=\frac{{\left(\mathrm{Fm}/b\right)}_{\mathrm{ma}.Math..Math.x}}{\mathrm{Fm}/b},$

wherein Fm/b is the average linear load across the tooth surface and (Fm/b)max is a local maximum linear load.

[0043] The face load factor is dimensionless. It is calculated from the relation between the average linear load and the local maximum linear load. Starting with the above-mentioned assumption that the load is more or less proportional to a change in the optical parameter, the color or brightness values, for example, will equal the local load on the tooth surface 4 multiplied by a scale factor. By analyzing the optical parameter along a predetermined line across the tooth surface 4, a value, which is proportional to the average linear load along this particular line, can be calculated. Similarly, the value of the local maximum linear load (multiplied by the identical scale factor) can be determined from the deviation of the optical parameter. When the face load factor is determined using the above formula, the scale factors cancel out.

[0044] In FIG. 2, there is a flow chart illustrating a method for quantitative analysis of a contact pattern on a tooth surface in a gear 6, according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0045] The method starts (step S0) with the application of contact pattern paint on the tooth flanks or tooth surfaces 4 of the gear 6 (step S1). A first image of the tooth surface 4 is subsequently captured (step S2). The image data is communicated from the optoelectronic sensor 8 via the data link 12 to the control unit 10. A first two-dimensional distribution of an optical parameter, for example the brightness or the color of the contact pattern paint, is determined (step S3). This first distribution of the optical parameter is stored (step S4). Subsequently, a test run is performed. The tooth surfaces 4 of the gear 6 are exposed to a test load (step S5). After the test run, a second image of the tooth surface 4 is captured using the optoelectronic sensor 8 (step S6). The image data is again communicated via the data link 12 to the control unit 10. A second two-dimensional distribution of the optical parameter is determined (step S7). This is stored in the control unit 10 (step S8). Subsequently, the first and the second distribution of the optical parameter, which characterize the contact pattern paint prior and after testing, are compared (step S9). The deviation between the first and second two-dimensional distribution of the optical parameter, provides a basis for a quantitative analysis of the contact pattern (step S10). For example, a load distribution across the tooth surface 4 or a face load factor can be calculated (step S10). If no further measurement is desired, the method stops in step S11.

[0046] Although the invention has been described hereinabove with reference to specific embodiments, it is not limited to these embodiments and no doubt further alternatives will occur to the skilled person that lie within the scope of the invention as claimed.