Horse Bit

Abstract

The invention relates to horse bit (10, 100), comprising a mouthpiece (20, 120) configured to be inserted into a horse's mouth and comprising a first cheek (40, 140) and a second cheek (60, 160). The mouthpiece includes a first end (21, 121) and a second end (22, 122) and a center portion (30, 130) between the first end and the second end, wherein the center portion comprises at least one curved portion (31, 32; 131, 132). Each cheek includes a shank (50, 70; 150, 170) with an upper arm (53, 73; 153, 173) and a lower arm (54, 74; 154, 174) for attachment of reins and a central portion (55, 75; 155, 175) between the upper arm and the lower arm. The central portion of the first cheek is attached to the first end and the central portion of the second cheek is attached to the second end. Each upper arm extends along a longitudinal axis (A1, A2) and the axes of the upper arms define a first plane and wherein the center portion extends in a second plane that is inclined at an angle (α) of between 90° and 180° to the first plane, wherein the angle is measured forward from the upper arm. The invention relates to a horse bit assembly for inserting into a horse's mouth, comprising a first horse bit and a second horse bit wherein the first horse bit is a horse bit as mentioned above.

Claims

1. A horse bit for a horse having a mouth including a mouth opening and ears, the mouth opening including a roof and a lower jaw, the horse bit comprising: a mouthpiece configured to be inserted into the mouth of the horse and comprising a first cheek and a second cheek; wherein the mouthpiece has an upper side toward the roof of the mouth opening of the horse and includes a first end and a second end and a center portion between the first end and the second end, wherein the first end and the second end extend along a longitudinal mouthpiece axis, and wherein the center portion comprises at least one curved portion, and is the center portion of the mouthpiece; wherein each cheek includes a shank with an upper arm terminating at an upper arm end and a lower arm terminating at a lower arm end and a central portion between the upper arm and the lower arm, the lower arm nearer the mouth opening than the upper arm and the upper arm nearer the ears than the lower arm, each lower arm end having a rein attachment ring, and each upper arm including a bridlework ring having a terminal portion longitudinally spaced from the central portion of the corresponding shank; wherein the central portion of the first cheek is attached to the first end of the mouthpiece to locate a length of the upper arm of the first cheek intermediate the bridlework ring of the first cheek and the first end of the mouthpiece attached to the first cheek, and the central portion of the second cheek is attached to the second end of the mouthpiece to locate a length of the upper arm of the second cheek intermediate the bridlework ring of the second cheek and the second end of the mouthpiece attached to the second cheek; wherein each upper arm extends along a longitudinal axis and the axes of the upper arms define a first plane and wherein the mouthpiece is further configured such that the center portion of the mouthpiece extends in a second plane that is inclined at an angle (α) of between 100° and 170° to the first plane, wherein the angle (α) is measured forward from the upper arm along the upper side of the mouthpiece; wherein for each shank a distance from the central portion to the lower arm end is greater than a distance from the central portion to the upper arm end; wherein the terminal portion of the bridlework rings are spaced by a distance greater than the distance between the longitudinal axes of the upper arms.

2. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the at least one curved portion extends in the second plane that is inclined at an angle (α) of between 100° and 170° to the first plane.

3. (canceled)

4. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein an extension axis of the first end and/or the second end lies within the first plane.

5. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the center portion has two curved portions.

6. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the center portion has a linear portion extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal mouthpiece axis.

7. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the first end and second end are curved.

8. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein at the center of the mouthpiece the maximum distance of the longitudinal axis of the center portion to the first plane is in a range of 10 to 50 mm.

9. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein a contact surface of the mouthpiece comprises at least one surface region having a linear or concave surface section.

10. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the center portion of the mouthpiece has a width being larger than the width of the first end and/or the second end of the mouthpiece.

11. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the shank of the first cheek is attached to the first end, and/or the shank of the second cheek is attached to the second end, in a rigid manner.

12. A horse bit assembly for inserting into a horse's mouth, comprising a first horse bit and a second horse bit wherein the first horse bit is a horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the second horse bit comprises a second mouthpiece having a center portion extending in a plane of extension of the second mouthpiece, and wherein the assembly is configured to be inserted into the horse's mouth such that the plane of extension of the center portion of the first horse bit's mouthpiece and the plane of extension of the center portion of the second mouthpiece extend substantially parallel to each other or such that the planes of extension intersect at an angle of between 0° and 30°.

13. (canceled)

14. The horse bit assembly according to claim 12, wherein the assembly is configured to be inserted into the horse's mouth such that the center portion of the first horse bit's mouthpiece does not overlap with the center portion of the second horse bit's mouthpiece.

15. The horse bit assembly according to claim 12, wherein the assembly is configured to be inserted into the horse's mouth such that the plane of extension of the center portion of the first horse bit's mouthpiece and the plane of extension of the center portion of the second horse bit's mouthpiece extend such that the planes of extension intersect at an angle of between 0° and 10°.

16. The horse bit according to claim 2, wherein the angle (α) is in a range between 1200 and 140°.

17. The horse bit according to claim 2, wherein the angle (α) is in a range between 1150 and 135.

18. The horse bit according to claim 4, wherein the center portion has a linear portion extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal mouthpiece axis, and wherein the linear portion is arranged between two curved portions.

19. The horse bit according to claim 6, wherein the first end and second end are curved.

20. The horse bit according to claim 8, wherein the maximum distance of the longitudinal axis of the center portion to the first plane is in a range of 15 to 25 mm.

21. A horse bit for a horse having a mouth including a mouth opening and ears, the mouth opening including a roof and a lower jaw, the horse bit comprising: a mouthpiece configured to be inserted into the mouth of the horse and comprising a first cheek and a second cheek; wherein the mouthpiece has an upper side toward the roof of the mouth opening of the horse and includes a first end and a second end and a center portion between the first end and the second end, wherein the first end and the second end extend along a longitudinal mouthpiece axis, and wherein the center portion comprises at least one curved portion and is the center portion of the mouthpiece; wherein each cheek includes a shank with an upper arm terminating at an upper arm end and a lower arm terminating at a lower arm end and a central portion between the upper arm and the lower arm, the lower arm nearer the mouth opening than the upper arm and the upper arm nearer the ears than the lower arm, each upper arm including a bridlework ring having a terminal portion spaced from the central portion of the corresponding shank; wherein the central portion of the first cheek is rigidly attached to the first end of the mouthpiece to locate a length of the upper arm of the first cheek intermediate the bridlework ring of the first cheek and the first end of the mouthpiece attached to the first cheek, and the central portion of the second cheek is rigidly attached to the second end of the mouthpiece to locate a length of the upper arm of the second cheek intermediate the bridlework ring of the second cheek and the second end of the mouthpiece attached to the second cheek; wherein each upper arm extends along a longitudinal axis and the axes of the upper arms define a first plane and wherein the mouthpiece is further configured such that the center portion of the mouthpiece extends in a second plane that is inclined at an angle (α) of between 1000 and 1700 to the first plane, wherein the angle (α) is measured forward from the upper arm along the upper side of the mouthpiece; wherein for each shank a distance from the central portion to the lower arm end is greater than a distance from the central portion to the upper arm end; and wherein the terminal portion of the bridlework rings are spaced by a distance greater than the distance between the longitudinal axes of the upper arms.

22. The horse bit according to claim 1, wherein the shank of each cheek extends along a longitudinal shank axis, with the majorities of each of the upper and lower arms of each shank extending along the longitudinal shank axis, and each lower arm end includes (i) a bore extending along a bore axis, the bore axis being spaced from the longitudinal shank axis and parallel to the longitudinal shank axis and (ii) a ring, wherein a portion of the ring is slidably received in the bore, and an axis of the ring is perpendicular to the longitudinal shank axis.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0052] In the following the invention will be explained, by way of preferred embodiments, in more detail with reference to the drawings, wherein

[0053] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first horse bit according to the prior art;

[0054] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second horse bit according to the prior art;

[0055] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a horse bit assembly as a combination of the first horse bit shown in FIG. 1 and the second horse bit shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue;

[0056] FIG. 4 is a side view of the horse bit assembly shown in FIG. 3;

[0057] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a horse bit according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a horse bit assembly as a combination of the horse bit shown in FIG. 5 and the second horse bit shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue;

[0059] FIG. 7 is a side view of the horse bit assembly shown in FIG. 6

[0060] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a horse bit according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the horse bit shown in FIG. 8 when positioned in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue;

[0062] FIG. 10 is a side view of the horse bit shown in FIG. 9

[0063] FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above of a horse bit assembly combining the horse bit shown in FIG. 8 and the second horse bit shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue;

[0064] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a cross-section of the horse bit shown in FIG. 8.

[0065] FIG. 1 shows a first horse bit 80 according to the prior art. The first horse bit 80 can be designated as a curb bit. FIG. 2 shows a second horse bit 90 according to the prior art. The second horse bit 90 can be designated as a double-jointed bit or bridoon bit. FIGS. 3 and 4 show a horse bit assembly 100 as a combination of the first horse bit 80 shown in FIG. 1 and the second horse bit 90 shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue.

[0066] The first horse bit 80 comprises a mouthpiece 81, a first cheek 85 having a first shank 86 and a second cheek 87 having a second shank 88. The mouthpiece 81 includes a first end 82, a second end 83 and a center portion 84 between the first end 82 and the second end 83. The center portion 84 has an arched shape having two curved portions and a central substantially linear portion. The first cheek 85 is attached to the first end 82 and the second cheek is attached to the second end 83. The first shank 86 and the second shank 88 extend along a longitudinal shank axis A1, A2. These shank axes A1, A2 define a plane. The axis of extension of the arched shape lies within this plane. In other words, the plane of extension of the center portion 84 extends in the plane defined by the two shanks 86, 88. Further, FIG. 1 shows a center line CL which is parallel to shank axes A1, A2 and lies in the middle of the distance between the shank axes A1, A2. The configuration of the mouthpiece 81 is symmetrical to the center line CL.

[0067] According to FIG. 2, the mouthpiece 91 of the second horse bit 90 comprises two side portions 92, 93 and a center portion 94 between the two side portions 92, 93, wherein the two side portions 92, 93 are connected via the center portion 94 and two joints such that the side portions 92, 93 are pivotable to each other and/or to the center portion 94. The two joints connect the central portion 94 to the side portions 92, 93. Preferably, the two side portions 92, 93 are arm-shaped. Further, the side portion 92 comprises a first end and the side portion 93 comprises a second end. Each end comprise a bore. The bores are configured to receive the side rings 95, 96 for attachment of reins. The side rings 95, 96 extend through the bores such that the side rings 95, 96 are free to slide through the bores. Preferably, the axes of the bores extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mouthpiece 91.

[0068] FIGS. 3 and 4 show a horse bit assembly 100 comprising the first horse bit 80 shown in FIG. 1 and the second horse bit 90 shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue T. The extension of tongue can be designated by a tongue line TL. FIGS. 3 and 4 show a schematic representation of the tongue of the horse onto which the first horse bit (curb bit) of the prior art and the second horse bit (bridoon) of the prior art have been placed at the orientations they adopt when rein tension is applied in the direction shown by the arrow F.sub.R. That means that the radius of the center portion 84 of the curb bit of the prior art profile lies at a large angle to the tongue line TL. As further can be taken from FIGS. 3 and 4, the first horse bit 80 lies underneath the second horse bit 90 with its art center portion 84 pointing generally in a caudal (or, rearwards) direction. In such a situation, the first horse bit 80 (curb) can become trapped between the second horse bit 90 (bridoon) and the tongue T.

[0069] FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of a horse bit 10 according to the present invention which also can be designated as a curb bit.

[0070] The horse bit 10 according to the first embodiment comprises a mouthpiece 20 configured to be inserted into a horse's mouth such that the mouthpiece 20 extends over the horse's tongue T and lies between the horse's tongue T and the horse's palate. An upper surface 23 of the mouthpiece 20 faces to the horse's palate and a lower surface 24 of the mouthpiece 20 faces to the horse's lower jaw. A front side of the mouthpiece faces forward and is related to the opening of the horse's mouth.

[0071] The mouthpiece 20 includes a first end 21 and a second end 22 and a center portion 30 between the first end 21 and the second end 22. In the first embodiment, the center portion 30 has an curved or arched shape and comprises at least one curved portion. Preferably, as shown in FIG. 5, the center portion 30 comprises two curved portions 31 and 32. Moreover, the center portion 30 comprises a substantially linear portion 33 at the center of the mouthpiece 20 and between the two curved portions 31, 32.

[0072] Generally, the mouthpiece 20 extends along a longitudinal mouthpiece axis MA. Preferably, the longitudinal path of the mouthpiece 20 is at least slightly curved and/or extends along the center line of the mouthpiece 20 (or its sections or parts). Preferably, the linear portion 33 extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal mouthpiece axis and the longitudinal axes of the curved portions 31, 32 are inclined at an angle of between 20° and 60° to the mouthpiece axis MA.

[0073] Moreover, the horse bit 10 comprises a first cheek 40 and a second cheek 60.

[0074] The first cheek 40 comprises a first shank 50 having an upper arm 53 for attachment of reins, a lower arm 54 for attachment of reins and a central portion 55 between the upper arm 53 and the lower arm 54. The central portion 55 is attached to the first end 21 of the mouthpiece 20 in a rigid or pivotable manner. The upper arm 53 extends along a first longitudinal axis A1, which can also be designated as a first shank axis. Upper arm 53, lower arm 54 and central portion 55 are formed as a unitary one-piece member. An upper end 51 of the upper arm 53 comprises a ring 56 for attachment of reins. It is preferred that the axis of ring 56 extends or aligns at an angle of less than 90° to axis A1 or the first plane, such that ring 56 turns away from the side of the horse's head to take the attached bridlework away from the face of the horse. Preferably, the axis of ring 56 extends at an angle of about 5° to 10°, in particular about 8°, to axis A1. A lower end 52 of the lower arm 54 comprises a bore 57 for receiving a ring 58 for attachment of reins such that the ring 58 is free to slide through bore 57. Preferably, the axis of the bore 57 extends substantially parallel to the first axis A1. Further, it is preferred that the axis of ring 58 extends substantially perpendicular to the first axis A1 and/or substantially parallel to the mouthpiece axis MA. The lower arm 54 comprises a further ring 59 which can also be designated as a lip strap ring or chain ring for connecting a strap or a chain.

[0075] Similar to the first cheek 40, the second cheek 60 comprises a second shank 70 having an upper arm 73 for attachment of reins and a lower arm 74 for attachment of reins and a central portion 75 between the upper arm 73 and the lower arm 74. The central portion 75 is attached to the second end 22 of the mouthpiece 20 in a rigid or pivotable manner. The upper arm 73 extends along a second longitudinal axis A2, which can also be designated as a second shank axis. Upper arm 73, lower arm 74 and central portion 75 are formed as a unitary one-piece member. An upper end 71 of the upper arm 73 comprises a ring 76 for attachment of reins. It is preferred that the axis of ring 76 extends or aligns at an angle of less than 90° to axis A2 or the first plane, such that ring 76 turns away from the side of the horse's head to take the attached bridlework away from the face of the horse. Preferably, the axis of ring 76 extends at an angle of about 5° to 10°, in particular about 8°, to axis A2. Thus, the planes of extension of the rings 56 and 76 intersect at the forward side of the mouthpiece 20 at an angle in the range of 10° to 20°, in particular at an angle of about 16°. A lower end 72 of the lower arm 74 comprises a bore 77 for receiving a ring 78 for attachment of reins such that the ring 78 is free to slide through bore 77. Preferably, the axis of the bore 77 extends substantially parallel to the second axis A2. Further, it is preferred that the axis of ring 78 extends substantially perpendicular to the second axis A2 and/or substantially parallel to the mouthpiece axis MA. The lower arm 74 comprises a further ring 79 which can also be designated as a lip strap ring or chain ring for connecting a strap or a chain.

[0076] In FIG. 5, according to the present invention, each upper arm 53, 73 extends along a longitudinal axis A1, A2 and the axes A1, A2 define a first plane, wherein the center portion 30 extends in a second plane that is inclined at an angle α of between 90° and 180° to the first plane and wherein the angle α is measured forward form the upper arm 53, 73. The axes A1, A2 of the upper arms 53, 73 can also be designated as upwards lines starting at the central portion 55, 75 of the respective shank 50, 70. Preferably, this angle is measured starting from the upper end 51, 71 of the upper shank arms 53, 73 and in a forward direction to the front side of the mouthpiece or to the opening of the horse's mouth.

[0077] Thus, the first plane is defined by the first axis A1 and the second axis A2. In other words, the extension plane of the center portion 30 extends at this angle α to the first plane. Thus, the second plane intersects with the first plane at the defined angle. In the preferred first embodiment, as shown in particular in FIG. 7, the angle α preferably is a range of between 115° and 135°. In FIG. 7 a plane line PL is shown which lies within the second plane and thus, indicates the extension direction of the second plane and the center portion 30. Moreover, the extension of the second plane of the center portion 30 extends substantially parallel to the tongue line TL and thus to the tongue plane T.

[0078] As a result, the center portion 30 lies flat on the tongue T. This spreads the force from the reins over a larger surface area and reduces pressure on the tongue. Thus, the force bearing area is enlarged and the pressure by the rein tension forces is more evenly distributed over the horse's tongue thus lowering the pressure on the tongue. Furthermore the centre portion 30 does not point towards the palate and is therefore more comfortable for the horse.

[0079] The mouthpiece axis MA lies within the first plane and/or extends in a direction which is (substantially) perpendicular to the first axis A1 and the second axis A2. Preferably, the extension axis of the first end 21 and the extension axis of the second end 22 lies within the first plane or, in other words, extends substantially parallel to the mouthpiece longitudinal axis MA. Moreover, FIG. 5 shows a center line CL which is parallel to axes A1, A2 and lies in the middle of the distance between the axes A1, A2. Preferably, the configuration of the mouthpiece 20 is symmetrical to the center line CL.

[0080] FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the horse bit assembly 210 according to the invention comprising the first horse bit 10 as shown in FIG. 5 and the second horse bit 90 as shown in FIG. 2, when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue T. In other words, FIG. 6 shows a combination of a curb bit according to the invention and a bridoon bit as known from the prior art. As can be taken from FIG. 6, the center portion 30 of the horse bit 10 does not overlap with the center portion 94 of the horse bit 90. As can be taken from FIGS. 6 and 7 the plane of extension of the central portion 30 of the mouthpiece 20 of the first horse bit 10 and the plane of extension of the center portion 94 of the mouthpiece 91 of the second horse bit 90 extends substantially parallel to each other or extend such that the two planes intersect at an angle of between 0° and 30°, preferably in a range of between 0° and 10°. In other words, both mouthpieces 20, 91 substantially extend parallel to the tongue T or the tongue plane.

[0081] In the following, a second embodiment of a horse bit 100 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 8 to 10 will be described.

[0082] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a horse bit 100 according to the second embodiment similar to the perspective view of FIG. 5 referring to the first embodiment. FIG. 9 to 11 refer to the second embodiment too.

[0083] The horse bit 10 according to the first embodiment and the horse bit 100 according to the second embodiment distinguish from each other only in that a mouthpiece 120 of the horse bit 100 has a different shape than the mouthpiece 20, in particular relating to the central portion. In other words, the horse bit 100 comprises a first cheek having a first shank and a second cheek having a second shank with the identical features as mentioned in connection with the first embodiment. Therefore, identical parts of the second embodiment were designated by reference numbers added by 100; i.e. parts 40 to 79 of the first embodiment are designated with the numbers 140 to 179. As to the detailed description regarding 140 to 179 it is referred to above explanations regarding reference signs 40 to 79.

[0084] In the following, only the differences as to the mouthpiece 120 compared to the mouthpiece 20 are explained. The mouthpiece 120 comprises a first end 121, a second end 122 and a center portion 130. The mouthpiece has an upper surface 123 and a lower surface 124. A comparison between FIG. 5 and FIG. 8 shows that the first end 121 and the second end 122 are shorter sections compared to the first end 21 and the second end 22. The center portion 130 comprises a curved portion 131 and a curved portion 132, but does not have a linear portion in between. As shown in FIG. 8 the distance x between the longitudinal axis MA of the mouthpiece 120 and the center of the mouthpiece at the connection between the curved portion 131 and the curved portion 132 is in a range of between 10 mm to 50 mm, preferably in a range of 15 mm to 25 mm. In other words, the distance x between the longitudinal axis MA of the mouthpiece 120 and the center of the mouthpiece is measured at a center line of the mouthpiece 120 similar to the center line mentioned in connection with FIG. 5. As an advantage of the horse bit 100 the curvature in the mouthpiece 120 extends over a longer overall length.

[0085] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the horse bit 100 shown in FIG. 8 when positioned in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue T and FIG. 10 shows a side view of the horse bit 100 as shown in FIG. 9. Again, the extension of the plane of the center portion 130 extends substantially parallel to the tongue plane T. In FIG. 10 a plane line PL is shown which lies within the second plane and thus indicates the extension direction of the second plane and the center portion 130. In other words, the extension plane of the center portion 130 extends at the angle α to the first plane. Thus, the second plane intersects with the first plane at the defined angle. Like in the first embodiment the angle α preferably is a range of between 115° and 135°. As a result, the same advantages can be achieved as mentioned in connection with the above first embodiment.

[0086] FIG. 11 is a perspective view from above of a horse bit assembly 220 combing the horse bit 100 shown in FIG. 8 to 10 and the second horse bit 90 shown in FIG. 2 when positioned both in a horse's mouth over a horse's tongue T. In this situation, as shown in FIG. 11, rein tension is applied and the horse bit 100 is placed onto the tongue. As can be taken from FIG. 11 in connection with FIG. 9 to 10, the center portion 130 of the horse bit 100 does not overlap with the center portion 94 of the horse bit 90. The plane of extension of the central portion 130 of the mouthpiece 120 of the first horse bit 100 and the plane of extension of the center portion 94 of the mouthpiece 91 of the second horse bit 90 extends substantially parallel to each other or extend such that the two planes intersect at an angle of between 0° and 30°, preferably in a range of between 0° and 10°. In other words, both mouthpieces 120, 91 substantially extend parallel to the tongue T. The overlap of the mouthpiece 120 with the mouthpiece 91 of the second horse bit 90 is smaller compared to the horse bit assembly of the prior art. As further shown in FIG. 11, the center portion 130 of the mouthpiece 100 has a width W1 being lager than the width W2 of the first end 121 and/or the second end 122 of the mouthpiece 120. Preferably, the width W1 and the width W2 are measured along the extension of the second plane. As an advantage the rein tension can be spread over a wider area on the tongue and, thus, the pressure on the tongue is reduced. Such a reduction in pressure will make the bit more comfortable for the horse.

[0087] In a further embodiment of the invention, a contact surface of the mouthpiece 20, 120, preferably the lower surface 24, 124 comprises at least one surface region having a linear or concave surface section 125. In other words, the lower surface 124 presented substantially parallel to the plane of the tongue is flattened or slightly concave as shown in the perspective cross-section in FIG. 12.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0088] 10 horse bit (curb) [0089] 20 mouthpiece [0090] 21 first end [0091] 22 second end [0092] 23 upper surface [0093] 24 lower surface [0094] 30 center portion [0095] 31 curved portion [0096] 32 curved portion [0097] 33 linear portion [0098] 40 first cheek [0099] 50 shank [0100] 51 upper end [0101] 52 lower end [0102] 53 upper arm [0103] 54 lower arm [0104] 55 central portion [0105] 56 ring [0106] 57 bore [0107] 58 ring [0108] 59 ring [0109] 87 second cheek [0110] 60 second cheek [0111] 70 shank [0112] 71 upper end [0113] 72 lower end [0114] 73 upper arm [0115] 74 lower arm [0116] 75 central portion [0117] 76 ring [0118] 77 bore [0119] 78 ring [0120] 79 ring [0121] 90 horse bit (bridoon) [0122] 91 mouthpiece [0123] 92 side portion [0124] 93 side portion [0125] 94 center portion [0126] 95 side ring [0127] 96 side ring [0128] 80 horse bit (curb) [0129] 81 mouthpiece [0130] 82 first end [0131] 83 second end [0132] 84 center portion [0133] 85 first cheek [0134] 86 first shank [0135] 88 second shank [0136] 100 horse bit (curb) [0137] 120 mouthpiece [0138] 121 first end [0139] 122 second end [0140] 123 upper surface [0141] 124 lower surface [0142] 125 surface section [0143] 130 center portion [0144] 131 curved portion [0145] 132 curved portion [0146] 140 first cheek [0147] 150 shank [0148] 151 upperend [0149] 152 lower end [0150] 153 upper arm [0151] 154 lower arm [0152] 155 central portion [0153] 156 ring [0154] 157 bore [0155] 158 ring [0156] 159 ring [0157] 160 second cheek [0158] 170 shank [0159] 171 upper end [0160] 172 lower end [0161] 30 173 upper arm [0162] 174 lower arm [0163] 175 central portion [0164] 176 ring [0165] 177 bore [0166] 178 ring [0167] 179 ring [0168] 200 horse bit assembly [0169] 210 horse bit assembly [0170] 220 horse bit assembly [0171] MA mouthpiece axis [0172] A1 first axis [0173] A2 second axis [0174] CL center line [0175] PL plane line [0176] T tongue [0177] TL tongue line [0178] F.sub.R rein tension [0179] α angle [0180] x distance [0181] W1 width [0182] W2 width