Liquid crystal display

Abstract

An LCD includes a first TAC film, a first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, an LC cell, a second optical uniaxial phase compensating film and a second TAC film from the incident surface to the emitting surface. The first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is used for providing a first compensating value and a second compensating value by adjusting thickness and by adjusting a first refractive index, a second refractive index, and a third refractive index. The second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is used for providing a third compensating value by adjusting thickness and by adjusting a fourth refractive index, a fifth refractive index, and a sixth refractive index. Leakage of light is controlled according to the first compensating value, the second compensating value, and the third compensating value in the LCD.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising: a backlight source for generating light; a first triacetate cellulose (TAC) film; a first polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film; a first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, for providing a first compensating value and a second compensating value by adjusting thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and by adjusting a first refractive index, a second refractive index, and a third refractive index corresponding to light in a first direction, the light in a second direction, and the light in a third direction, respectively; a liquid crystal (LC) cell; a second optical uniaxial phase compensating film, for providing a third compensating value by adjusting thickness of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film and by adjusting a fourth refractive index, a fifth refractive index, and a sixth refractive index corresponding to the light in the first direction, the light in the second direction, and the light in the third direction, respectively; a second PVA film; and a second TAC film; light leakage in dark state at a wide viewing angle being controlled according to the first compensating value, the second compensating value, and the third compensating value in the LCD; the first compensating value being determined by an equation as follows: Ro.sub.A=(Nx.sub.ANy.sub.A)D.sub.A where Ro.sub.A indicates the first compensating value, Nx.sub.A and Ny.sub.A indicate refractive indexes corresponding to the X- and Y-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, respectively, and D.sub.A indicates thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, wherein an optical path difference of the LC cell is determined by (neno)d, the optical path difference is between 287.2 nm and 305.7 nm, where ne and no indicate an extraordinary refractive index and an ordinary refractive index of the LC cell, respectively, d indicates thickness of the LC cell, the first compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between 55 nm and 78 nm, and the second compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between 208 nm and 281 nm, the third compensating value of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between the Y.sub.1 nm and Y.sub.2 nm where Y.sub.1=0.000193x.sup.30.1395x.sup.2+32.434x2387.4 and Y.sub.2=0.007242x.sup.2+2.378x67.84 stand, and x indicates the second compensating value.

2. The LCD as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second compensating value is determined by an equation as follows: Rth.sub.A=[(Nx.sub.A+Ny.sub.A)/2Nz.sub.A]D.sub.A where Rth.sub.A indicates the second compensating value, Nx.sub.A, Ny.sub.A, and Nz.sub.A indicate refractive indexes corresponding to the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, respectively, and D.sub.A indicates thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

3. The LCD as claimed in claim 1, wherein a pretilt angle of LC molecules in the LC cell is 89 degrees.

4. The LCD as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third compensating value is determined by the fourth refractive index, the fifth refractive index, the sixth refractive index, and thickness of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

5. The LCD as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is an A-plate compensating film, an optical axis of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and a surface of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film are in parallel, the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is a C-plate compensating film, and an optical axis of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is vertical to a surface of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

6. The LCD as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a first pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), wherein the first PSA is disposed between the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and the LC cell.

7. The LCD as claimed in claim 6 further comprising a second PSA, wherein the second PSA is disposed between the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film and the LC cell.

8. A liquid crystal display (LCD), comprising: a backlight source for generating light; a first triacetate cellulose (TAC) film; a first polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film; a first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, for providing a first compensating value and a second compensating value by adjusting thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and by adjusting a first refractive index, a second refractive index, and a third refractive index corresponding to light in a first direction, the light in a second direction, and the light in a third direction, respectively; a liquid crystal (LC) cell; a second optical uniaxial phase compensating film, for providing a third compensating value by adjusting thickness of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film and by adjusting a fourth refractive index, a fifth refractive index, and a sixth refractive index corresponding to the light in the first direction, the light in the second direction, and the light in the third direction, respectively; a second PVA film; and a second TAC film; wherein light leakage in dark state at a wide viewing angle is controlled according to the first compensating value, the second compensating value, and the third compensating value in the LCD, wherein the first compensating value is determined by an equation as follows: Ro.sub.A=(Nx.sub.ANy.sub.A)D.sub.A where Ro.sub.A indicates the first compensating value, Nx.sub.A and Ny.sub.A indicate refractive indexes corresponding to the X- and Y-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, respectively, and D.sub.A indicates thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, wherein the first compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between 55 nm and 78 nm.

9. The LCD as claimed in claim 8, wherein an optical path difference of the LC cell is determined by (neno)d, the optical path difference is between 287.2 nm and 305.7 nm, where ne and no indicate an extraordinary refractive index and an ordinary refractive index of the LC cell, respectively, d indicates thickness of the LC cell.

10. The LCD as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second compensating value is determined by an equation as follows: Rth.sub.A=[(Nx.sub.A+Ny.sub.A)/2Nz.sub.A]D.sub.A where Rth.sub.A indicates the second compensating value, Nx.sub.A, Ny.sub.A, and Nz.sub.A indicate refractive indexes corresponding to the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates for the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, respectively, and D.sub.A indicates thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

11. The LCD as claimed in claim 10, wherein the second compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between 208 nm and 281 nm.

12. The LCD as claimed in claim 8, wherein a pretilt angle of LC molecules in the LC cell is 89 degrees.

13. The LCD as claimed in claim 8, wherein the third compensating value is determined by the fourth refractive index, the fifth refractive index, the sixth refractive index, and thickness of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

14. The LCD as claimed in claim 13, wherein the third compensating value of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is between the Y.sub.1 nm and Y.sub.2 nm where Y.sub.1=0.000193x.sup.30.1395x.sup.2+32.434x2387.4 and Y.sub.2=0.007242x.sup.2+2.378x67.84 stand, and x indicates the second compensating value.

15. The LCD as claimed in claim 8, wherein the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film is an A-plate compensating film, an optical axis of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and a surface of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film are in parallel, the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is a C-plate compensating film, and an optical axis of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film is vertical to a surface of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film.

16. The LCD as claimed in claim 8 further comprising a first pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), wherein the first PSA is disposed between the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film and the LC cell.

17. The LCD as claimed in claim 16 further comprising a second PSA, wherein the second PSA is disposed between the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film and the LC cell.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state after being compensated by a conventional uniaxial retardation film.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles after being compensated by the conventional uniaxial retardation film.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an LCD according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

(4) FIGS. 4 to 6 respectively show relationship diagrams between leakage values and different first compensating values Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, different second compensating values Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film, and different third compensating values Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film on condition that the optical path difference of the LC cell is 287.2 nm, 296.5 nm, and 305.7 nm.

(5) FIG. 7 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell of 287.2 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 71 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 269 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 16 nm.

(6) FIG. 8 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 7.

(7) FIG. 9 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell of 296.5 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 65 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 244 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 52 nm.

(8) FIG. 10 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 9.

(9) FIG. 11 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell of 305.7 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 58 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 220 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 87 nm.

(10) FIG. 12 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 11.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(11) Spatially relative terms, such as beneath, below, lower, above, upper and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.

(12) Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of an LCD 10 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The LCD 10 comprises a liquid crystal (LC) cell 16, a first polarizer 12, a second polarizer 14, and a backlight source 18. The backlight source 18 is used for generating light. The LC cell 16 is glued to an area between the first polarizer 12 and the second polarizer 14 with a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) 2. The first polarizer 12 and the second polarizer 14 are used for deflecting an incident light. A first optical axis of the first polarizer 12 is perpendicular to a second optical axis of the second polarizer 14.

(13) The first polarizer 12 comprises a first polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film 121, a first triacetate cellulose (TAC) film 122, and a first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123. The PVA film 121 is inserted between the first TAC film 122 and the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123. The second polarizer 14 comprises a second PVA film 141, a second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142, and a third TAC film 143. The second PVA film 141 is inserted between the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 and the third TAC film 143. In this embodiment, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 is an A-plate compensating film. The optical axis of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and the surface of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 are in parallel. The second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 is a C-plate compensating film. The optical axis of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 is vertical to the surface of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142. The first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 is used for providing a first compensating value Ro.sub.A and a second compensating value Rth.sub.A. The second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 is used for providing a third compensating value Rth.sub.C. The slow axis of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 forms a 90 degree angle with the absorption axis of the first PVA film 121. The slow axis of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 forms a zero degree angle with the absorption axis of the second PVA film 141. The method of determination of the first compensating value, the second compensating value, and the third compensating value will be detailed in the following description. The optical path difference of the LC cell 16, the compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and the compensating values of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 are values corresponding to a wavelength of 550 nm in the following embodiment.

(14) Please refer to FIGS. 4 to 6. FIGS. 4 to 6 respectively show relationship diagrams between leakage values and different first compensating values Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, different second compensating values Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and different third compensating values Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 on condition that the optical path difference of the LC cell 16 is 287.2 nm, 296.5 nm, and 305.7 nm. For a simpler description, the incident light generated by the backlight source 18 belongs to Lambertian distribution in this embodiment. Luminance in the center of the incident light is defined as 100 nit. The pretilt angle of the LC molecules in the LC cell 16 is 89 angles. The optical path difference of the LC cell 16 is determined by nd. The optical path difference of the LC cell 16 is between 287.2 nm and 305.7 nm where ne indicates an extraordinary refractive index of the LC cell 16, ne and no indicate an extraordinary refractive index and an ordinary refractive index of the LC cell 16, respectively, and d indicates thickness of the LC cell 16.

(15) In FIGS. 4-6, Ro.sub.A indicates the first compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 in the X-Y plane. Rth.sub.A indicates the second compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 in the Z-axial direction. Rth.sub.C indicates the third compensating value of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 in the Z-axial direction. Ro.sub.A, Rth.sub.A, and Rth.sub.C are determined by values plugged into the following equations:
Ro.sub.A=(Nx.sub.ANy.sub.A)D.sub.AEquation 1,
Rth.sub.A=[(Nx.sub.A+Ny.sub.A)/2Nz.sub.A]D.sub.AEquation 2,
Rth.sub.C=[(Nx.sub.C+Ny.sub.C)/2Nz.sub.C]D.sub.CEquation 3,

(16) where Nx.sub.A, Ny.sub.A, and Nz.sub.A indicate refractive indexes of the light generated by the backlight source 18 corresponding to the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, respectively, when the light passes through the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123. Nx.sub.C, Ny.sub.C, and Nz.sub.C indicate refractive indexes of the light generated by the backlight source 18 corresponding to the X-, Y-, and Z-axes of three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates, respectively, when the light passes through the second phase compensating film 142. D.sub.A and D.sub.C indicate thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and thickness of the second phase compensating film 142, respectively.

(17) FIGS. 4-6 show that in different LC optical path differences, the compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and the compensating value of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 have similar influential tendencies on the light leakage in dark state. In other words, in different LC optical path differences, the range of the compensating value is the same for the minimum light leakage in dark state.

(18) As shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, different pretilt angles of LC molecules and the different compensating values are simulated and the pretilt angle of 89 degrees is calculated. In the range of 287.2 nmnd305.7 nm and the light leakage in dark state is smaller than 0.2 nit, the range of compensating value of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and the range of compensating value of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 are calculated. That is, on condition that the optical path difference of the LC cell is between 287.2 nm and 305.7 nm and that the pretilt angle of LC molecules is 89 degrees, the LCD 10 can still refrain light from leaking based on the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and the third compensating value Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142. It is necessary to control the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 to be between 55 nm and 78 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 to be between 208 nm and 281 nm. Further, it is necessary to adjust the third compensating value Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 based on the adjusted the second compensating value Rth.sub.A to control the third compensating value Rth.sub.C to be between the Y.sub.1 nm and Y.sub.2 nm where Y.sub.1=0.000193x.sup.30.1395x.sup.2+32.434x2387.4 and Y.sub.2=0.007242x.sup.2+2.378x67.84, and x indicates the second compensating value Rth.sub.A.

(19) Therefore, the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and the third compensating value Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 are all for the incident light with the wavelength of 550 nm. When a compensating value is within the above-mentioned range, the LCD will obtain the best compensation and the minimum light leakage in dark state.

(20) Please refer to FIG. 7 through FIG. 12, FIG. 7 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell 16 of 287.2 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 71 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 269 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 16 nm FIG. 8 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 9 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell 16 of 296.5 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 65 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 244 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 52 nm. FIG. 10 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 shows a simulation of a distribution of light leakage in dark state upon conditions that optical path difference of the LC cell 16 of 305.7 nm, the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 with the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of 58 nm and the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of 220 nm and by the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 with the third compensating value Rth.sub.A of 87 nm. FIG. 12 shows a simulation of a distribution of contrast over all viewing angles based on the conditions illustrated in FIG. 11.

(21) When comparing FIGS. 7, 9, 11 with FIG. 1, it is observed that, after being compensated by the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 according to the embodiment of the present invention, the light leakage in dark state is much less than that after being compensated by the prior art, and the light leakage area is restricted to a narrower area at vertical viewing angle. When comparing FIGS. 8, 10, 12 with FIG. 2, it is observed that the contrast distribution over all viewing angles after being compensated by the compensation system according to the embodiment of the present invention is superior that after being compensated by the prior art, especially in the area at horizontal viewing angle.

(22) The person skilled in the art can adjust the refractive index or the thickness of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123 and the refractive index or the thickness of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142 using Equation 1, Equation 2, and Equation 3 after obtaining the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and the third compensating value Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142.

(23) Compared with the prior art, the present invention properly adopts the first compensating value Ro.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, the second compensating value Rth.sub.A of the first optical uniaxial phase compensating film 123, and the third compensating value Rth.sub.C of the second optical uniaxial phase compensating film 142. Serious light leakage in dark state in the area at the horizontal viewing angle in the conventional optical uniaxial phase compensating film is effectively improved if the present invention is adopted. Besides, both of the contrast ratio and the clarity in the area at the horizontal viewing angle are improved as well.

(24) While the present invention has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.