Metal-carbonyl-containing fire extinguishing composition

Abstract

A metal-carbonyl-containing fire extinguishing composition comprises metal carbonyl complexes. The fire extinguishing composition uses a pyrotechnic agent as a heat source and a power source. A high temperature in combustion of the pyrotechnic agent enables the fire extinguishing composition to decompose or react under heat; produced fire extinguishing substances are sprayed out together with the pyrotechnic agent, thereby achieving a fire extinguishing objective. In the fire extinguishing composition, by selecting preferable components and optimizing contents of the components, an optimum formula of the fire extinguishing composition is determined, thereby greatly improving the efficacy of the fire extinguishing composition. In addition, efficacies of the components in the fire extinguishing composition are fully utilized, which improves an effective utilization rate of the fire extinguishing composition.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing apparatus, comprising a pyrotechnic agent and a fire extinguishing composition comprising one or more metal carbonyl complex wherein, during operation, the pyrotechnic agent produces heat that enables the fire extinguishing composition to decompose or react, and thereby produces fire extinguishing substances that ejects out from the fire extinguishing apparatus, fire extinguishing substances wherein the pyrotechnic agent is a hot aerosol generator, and wherein the metal carbonyl complex is nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO).sub.4, ruthenium pentacarbonyl Ru(CO).sub.5, pentacarbonyl osmium Os(CO).sub.5, triruthenium dodecacarbonyl Ru.sub.3(CO).sub.12, dodecacarbonyltriosmium Os.sub.3(CO).sub.12, vanadium hexacarbonyl V(CO).sub.6, molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO).sub.6, tungsten hexacarbonyl W(CO).sub.6, titanium hexacarbonyl Ti(CO).sub.6, manganese hexacarbonyl Mn(CO).sub.6, dimanganese decacarbonyl Mn.sub.2(CO).sub.10, ditechnetium decacarbonyl Tc.sub.2(CO).sub.10, dirhenium decacarbonyl Re.sub.2(CO).sub.10, or dicobalt octacarbonyl Co.sub.2(CO).sub.8.

2. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the metal carbonyl complex is nickel tetracarbonyl Ni(CO).sub.4, molybdenum hexacarbonyl Mo(CO).sub.6, tungsten hexacarbonyl W(CO).sub.6, manganese hexacarbonyl Mn(CO).sub.6, dimanganese decacarbonyl Mn.sub.2(CO).sub.10, or dicobalt octacarbonyl Co.sub.2(CO).sub.8.

3. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing composition further comprises an auxiliary fire extinguishing agent.

4. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent is one or more of phosphate, carbonate, basic carbonate, metal halide, metal oxide, melamine, ammonium sulfate, dicyandiamide, guanidine carbonate, nitroguanidine, or guanidine phosphate.

5. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the phosphate is one or more of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogenphosphate dihydrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc dihydrogen phosphate, manganous dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium phosphate, or magnesium ammonium phosphate.

6. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the carbonate is one or more of cobaltous carbonate, zinc carbonate, manganous carbonate, ferrous carbonate, strontium carbonate, sodium potassium carbonate hexahydrate, lithium carbonate, nickel carbonate, or calcium carbonate.

7. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the basic carbonate is one or more of basic cupric carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate, basic cobaltous carbonate, basic zinc carbonate, basic nickel carbonate, or basic calcium carbonate.

8. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the metal halide is one or more of potassium fluoride, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, ammonium fluoride, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, sodium fluoride, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, sodium iodide, cobaltous chloride, ferric chloride, or ferrous chloride.

9. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the metal oxide is one or more of zinc oxide, coppic oxide, aluminium oxide, ferric oxide, ferriferrous oxide, ferrous oxide, or antimony trioxide.

10. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein fire extinguishing composition further comprises an adhesive and the adhesive is one or more of water glass, shellac, starch, dextrin, rubber, epoxy resin, acetal adhesive, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose or phenolic resin.

11. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the fire extinguishing composition further comprises an additive and the additive is stearate, talc, graphite or a mixture thereof.

12. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot aerosol generator is a K type hot aerosol generator or an S type hot aerosol generator.

13. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the amount of the hot aerosol generator equals the amount of the fire extinguishing composition.

14. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary fire extinguishing agent is larger than 10 mass % and less than or equal to 95 mass % of the total mass of the fire extinguishing composition.

15. The fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the adhesive is larger than 0 mass % and less than or equal to 15 mass% of the total mass of the fire extinguishing composition.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) The fire extinguishing composition of the application will be described more specifically through Examples below.

(2) The fire extinguishing composition of the application may be shaped into spherical, flake, stripy, block, or honeycomb by using processes including pelleting, mould pressing and extrusion etc. and may be subjected to a surface coating treatment. Hydroxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose is preferably added as a surface coating agent during the surface coating treatment. The surface coating agent can improve the surface finish, and increase the strength, wear resistance and shock resistance of the composition system, and preventing the fire extinguishing composition from pulverization, losing dregs and overflowing from a fire extinguishing apparatus during transportation process.

(3) Through the following methods and experiments results, it can be undoubtedly concluded that the efficacy of the fire extinguishing composition of the application is obviously better tan existing fire extinguishing agents and the fire extinguishing time is also greatly shortened, specifically as follows:

EXAMPLE 1

(4) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl, potassium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and dicyandiamide are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

EXAMPLE 2

(5) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl, chromium hexacarbonyl, sodium bicarbonate, melamine, acetal adhesive and magnesium stearate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

EXAMPLE 3

(6) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising iron pentacarbonyl, dicyandiamide, guanidine carbonate, acetal adhesive and magnesium stearate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2, The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

EXAMPLE 4

(7) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising triruthenium dodecacarbonyl, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, guanidine carbonate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and talc are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

EXAMPLE 5

(8) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising molybdenum hexacarbonyl, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, acetal adhesive and magnesium stearate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2, the test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

EXAMPLE 6

(9) 50g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl dimanganese decacarbonyl, and guanidine carbonate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

(10) 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on a fire extinguishing apparatus sample containing 100 g of a K type hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

(11) 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on a fire extinguishing apparatus sample containing 100 g of an S type hot aerosol fire extinguishing agent of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 1 of test records.

(12) After being prepared and shaped, 50 g of a fire extinguishing composition prepared by fire extinguishing materials, adhesives and additives in the following table, is respectively added into fire extinguishing apparatuses containing 50 g of a K type aerosol generator, and 8B fire extinguishing tests is performed respectively. Specific models are as shown by 6.3.2.1 in GA86-2009. Three shots are launched in each group. The fire extinguishing effect and fire extinguishing time are recorded and the test results are as shown in Table 1.

(13) Samples of fire extinguishing apparatuses respectively containing 100 g of an S type aerosol fire extinguishing agent or a K type aerosol fire extinguishing agent are compared, and fire extinguishing tests are performed in the same conditions. The fire extinguishing effect and spraying time are recorded and results are as shown in Table 1.

(14) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Comparison in components of compositions and test results Component content (mass percent) of Examples Comparison example Composition component 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 Fire Commercially .circle-solid. extinguishing available S type material fire extinguishing agent Commercially .circle-solid. available K type fire extinguishing agent nickel 35 30 45 tetracarbonyl iron 5 pentacarbonyl triruthenium 55 dodecacarbonyl chromium 40 hexacarbonyl molybdenum 60 hexacarbonyl dimanganese 45 decacarbonyl Potassium 20 10 bicarbonate Sodium 10 10 10 bicarbonate Sodium chloride 20 5 Dicyandiamide 25 45 Melamine 15 Guanidine 50 25 10 carbonate Adhesive Acetal adhesive 3 8 Hydroxypropyl 3 2 methyl cellulose Additive Magnesium 2 5 stearate Talc 2 Graphite powder 5 Comparison in test results Fire Three Three Two Three Three Three No No extinguishing shots shots shots shots shots shots shot shot situation completely completely completely completely completely completely extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished Spraying time/s 11.55 11.48 12.11 10.87 11.26 11.06 16.22 32.10

EXAMPLE 7

(15) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising triiron dodecarbonyl, dicobalt octacarbonyl, manganous dihydrogen phosphate, basic cupric carbonate and cobaltous chloride are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. the test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

EXAMPLE 8

(16) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl, manganous dihydrogen phosphate, cobaltous carbonate and guanidine carbonate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

EXAMPLE 9

(17) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising manganese hexacarbonyl, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, ferric oxide, cobaltous chloride and guanidine carbonate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

EXAMPLE 10

(18) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl, dimanganese decacarbonyl, cobaltous carbonate, ferric oxide, acetal adhesive and talc are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 m.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

EXAMPLE 11

(19) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising triiron dodecarbonyl, chromium hexacarbonyl, dicobalt octacarbonyl, basic cupric carbonate, cobaltous chloride, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and magnesium stearate are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93190 gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 cm.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

EXAMPLE 12

(20) 50 g of a prepared composition sample comprising nickel tetracarbonyl, manganese hexacarbonyl, dicobalt octacarbonyl, guanidine carbonate, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and graphite powder are added into a fire extinguishing apparatus containing 50 g of a K type hot aerosol generator. 93# gasoline fire extinguishing test is performed on an of an oil disc having an area of 0.25 cm.sup.2. The test result is shown in Table 2 of test records.

(21) After being prepared and shaped 50 g of a fire extinguishing composition prepared by fire extinguishing materials, adhesives and additives in the following table, is respectively added into fire extinguishing apparatuses containing 50 g of a K type aerosol generator, and 8B fire extinguishing tests is performed respectively. Specific models are as shown by 6.3.2.1 in GA86-2009. Three shots are launched in each group. The fire extinguishing effect and fire extinguishing time are recorded and the test results are as shown in Table 2.

(22) Comparative examples are the same as the comparative examples above. Samples of fire extinguishing apparatuses respectively containing 100 g of an S type aerosol fire extinguishing agent or a K type aerosol fire extinguishing agent subjected to fire extinguishing tests in the same conditions. The fire extinguishing effect and spraying time are recorded and results are as shown in Table 2.

(23) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Comparison in components of compositions and test results Component content (mass percent) of Examples Comparison example Composition component 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 Fire Commercially .circle-solid. extinguishing available S type material fire extinguishing agent Commercially .circle-solid. available K type fire extinguishing agent nickel 25 20 25 tetracarbonyl triiron 10 dodecarbonyl manganese 15 hexacarbonyl chromium 45 hexacarbonyl molybdenum 30 hexacarbonyl dimanganese 45 decacarbonyl dicobalt 30 30 15 octacarbonyl Manganous 5 30 dihydrogen phosphate Cobaltous 35 20 35 carbonate Basic cupric 20 carbonate Ferric oxide 15 10 Cobaltous 30 10 10 chloride Guanidine 10 30 20 carbonate Adhesive Acetal adhesive 3 Hydroxypropyl 5 3 3 methyl cellulose Additive Magnesium 6 2 stearate Talc 4 2 Graphite 2 powder Comparison in test results Fire Two Three Three Three Three Three No No extinguishing shots shots shots shots shots shots shot shot situation completely completely completely completely completely completely extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished extinguished Spraying time/s 12.05 11.95 10.77 12.25 10.77 11.75 13.77 34.55

(24) It can be concluded from Table 1 and Table 2 that: two shots or three shots can be extinguished by the fire extinguishing composition of the application and no shot is extinguished by existing products. In addition, the longest spraying time of the application is 12.25s while the spraying time of an existing product may be as long as 34.55s. A long period of spraying time means the fire extinguishing efficacy would be affected. Therefore, the efficacy of the fire extinguishing composition of the application is obviously better than that of the existing products.