Abstract
The invention relates to a pouring device (1) for supplying molten material (10) from a melting furnace (2) via an outlet (3) of the melting furnace (2) to at least one production unit (6), comprising a discharge trough (5) sub-divided into segments (4), wherein at least one segment (4) has a discharge (42) for the molten material (10), and wherein at least one segment (4) has at least one movable partition (44).
Claims
1. A casting apparatus (1) for supplying melt (10) from a melting furnace (2) to at least one production unit (6), comprising an outflow trough (5) which is divided into segments (4), wherein at least one segment (4) has an outflow (42) for the melt (10), wherein at least one segment (4) has at least one movable partition (44).
2. The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one segment (4) is exchangeable.
3. The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the movable partition (44) has an opened position, in which the flow of the melt (10) through the at least one segment (4) which has the partition (44) is permitted, and a closed position, in which the flow of the melt (10) downstream of the movable partition (44) is prevented.
4. The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one segment (4) which has at least one outflow (42) has at least one closure means (46) for opening or closing the at least one outflow (42).
5. The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the outflow trough (5) is arranged so as to be movable along its longitudinal axis.
6. The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting furnace (2) has an outlet (3) for the supply of the melt (10) into the outflow trough (5), wherein a guide (7) for the transfer of the melt (10) is at least intermittently provided between the outlet (3) of the melting furnace (2) and the outflow trough (5). (Currently Amended) The casting apparatus (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one segment (4) has at least one barrier (48) with at least one passage (282).
8. A method for exchanging a segment (4) of an outflow trough (5) which is composed of multiple segments (4), wherein at least one segment (4) has an outflow (42) and at least one segment (4) has a partition (46), having the steps of closing the partition (46), evacuating a segment (4) to be exchanged, removing the segment (4) to be exchanged, and adding a new segment (4).
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the removal of the segment (4) to be exchanged and the addition of the new segment (4) are performed at one end of the outflow trough (5).
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the removal of the segment (4) to be exchanged is performed at one end of the outflow trough (5), and the addition of the new segment (4) is performed at another end of the outflow trough (5).
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0044] Preferred further embodiments and aspects of the present invention will be discussed in more detail by way of the following description of the figures, in which:
[0045] FIG. 1a schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment of an outflow trough with a partition in an opened position and a closure means in an opened position;
[0046] FIG. 1b schematically shows the segment from FIG. 1a with throughflowing melt;
[0047] FIG. 1c schematically shows a plan view of the segment from FIG. 1a;
[0048] FIG. 2a schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment of an outflow trough with a partition in a closed position and a closure means in a closed position;
[0049] FIG. 2b schematically shows the segment from FIG. 2a with throughflowing melt;
[0050] FIG. 2c schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment of an outflow trough with a partition in a closed position and a closure means in an opened position;
[0051] FIG. 2d schematically shows the segment from FIG. 2c with throughflowing melt;
[0052] FIG. 3 schematically shows a side view in cross section through a casting apparatus;
[0053] FIG. 4 schematically shows a plan view of a casting apparatus;
[0054] FIG. 5 schematically shows a front view in cross section through the casting apparatus from FIG. 4;
[0055] FIG. 6 schematically shows a plan view of a casting apparatus with segments in an alternative embodiment;
[0056] FIG. 7 schematically shows a front view in cross section through a casting apparatus with a provided guide;
[0057] FIG. 8 schematically shows a plan view of a casting apparatus with two outflows per segment;
[0058] FIG. 9 schematically shows a plan view of a segment of a casting apparatus with a partition at both ends of the segment;
[0059] FIG. 10 schematically shows a plan view of a segment of a casting apparatus with two partitions at one end of the segment;
[0060] FIG. 11a schematically shows a plan view of a segment of a casting apparatus with one partition and two barriers at one end of the segment;
[0061] FIG. 11b schematically shows a side view in cross section through the segment from FIG. 11a;
[0062] FIG. 12 schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment of an outflow trough with a rotatable partition in an opened position; and
[0063] FIG. 13 schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment of an outflow trough with a rotatable partition in a closed position.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0064] Below, preferred exemplary embodiments will be described on the basis of the figures. Here, identical or similar elements or elements of identical action are denoted by identical reference designations. To avoid redundancies, a repeated description of said elements will, in part, be omitted in the following description.
[0065] The illustration of FIG. 1 a schematically shows a side view in cross section through a segment 4 of an outflow trough for a casting apparatus for supplying melt from a melting furnace, via an outlet of the melting furnace, to at least one production unit. The segment 4 has, at its bottom side, an outflow 42 and a funnel 47 which generates an increased level in relation to a segment base of flat form (as shown for example in FIG. 5) and thereby increases the magnitude of a partial pressure in the melt 10 prevailing at the outflow 42, whereby an outlet speed of the melt 10 is increased. Melt which flows through the segment 4 can flow out through the outflow 42. Provided above the outflow is a closure means 46 in an opened position, which closure means is arranged so as to be displaceable concentrically with respect to an outflow axis of the outflow. Furthermore, the segment 4 has a partition 44 in an opened position.
[0066] If melt (not shown here) flows along the segment 4 from right to left, a part of the melt flows through the outflow 42 to a production unit (not shown here). A further part of the melt flows along the segment 4 and passes the opened partition 44.
[0067] FIG. 1b shows the segment 4 from FIG. 1a with throughflowing melt 10.
[0068] FIG. 1c shows the segment from FIG. 1a schematically in a plan view. The partition 44 runs over the entire width of the segment 4 and is mounted in displaceable fashion at its two side walls. The closure means 46 (not shown here) is of cylindrical form and is situated above the outflow 42, which likewise has a circular cross section. Alternatively, the outflow 42 and the closure means 46 may also have some other geometry, for example a rectangular cross section.
[0069] FIG. 2a schematically shows the segment 4 from FIG. 1a and 1b with the partition 44 in a closed position and the closure means 46 in a closed position. In relation to the opened position of the partition as per FIG. 1a, the partition 44 has in this case been displaced vertically in the direction of the bottom side of the segment 4, and thereby sealingly closes off the passage of the segment 4 both at the side surfaces and at the base of the segment 4. Melt which flows along the segment 4 strikes the closed partition 4, which prevents an onward flow of the melt. Furthermore, the closure means 46 is shown in a closed position in which it, by way of its lower end, seals off the outflow 42, such that no melt can flow through the outflow 42. Since the closure means 46 occupies only a part of the width of the segment 4, melt can flow along the segment 4 past the closure means 46.
[0070] FIG. 2b shows the segment 4 from FIG. 2a with melt 10 which flows into the segment from the right.
[0071] The partition 44 and the closure means 46 may assume the positions shown in FIGS. 1a and 2a in a coupled manner or independently of one another. Their movement may be realized for example mechanically, pneumatically, electrically or manually.
[0072] FIGS. 2c and 2d show the segment 4 from FIGS. 1 a to 2b, wherein the partition 44 is situated in the closed position and the closure means 46 is situated in the opened position.
[0073] FIG. 3 schematically shows a side view in cross section through a casting apparatus 1. An outflow trough 4 is formed by four lined-up segments 4, 4, 4, 4 as per FIGS. 1a to 2d. The outflow trough 5 is connected by way of an outlet 3 to a melting furnace 2. A melt 10 flows out of said melting furnace via the outlet 3 into the outflow trough 5. The outflow trough 5 is delimited by the closed partitions 44 and 44. The opened partitions 44, 44 allow the melt 10 to flow through the outflow trough 5 as far as the closed partitions 44, 44. A production unit 6 for the further processing of the melt 10 is arranged below the segment 4. Owing to the fact that the closure means 46 and 46 are in the closed position, the outflows 42 and 42 are closed, such that no melt 10 can flow through. Since the closure means 46 is in the opened position, the melt can emerge through the outflow 42 and pass to the production unit 6 situated therebelow, where further processing of the melt 10 is performed.
[0074] Since the closed partitions 44, 44 delimit the flow region of the melt 10 to the outside, a change of the outflow trough 5 in the regions outside the closed partitions 44, 44 is made possible. It is thus possible for individual or several segments 4, 4 to be added, removed, exchanged and/or processed. This is schematically indicated by way of the loose segments 4, 4 which are spaced apart from the outflow trough 5. The addition, removal, exchange and/or processing of the segments 4, 4 is possible here without completely evacuating the outflow trough, such that the abovementioned handling operations can be performed without interrupting the manufacturing process.
[0075] Owing to the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46 which are closable independently of one another, the periphery of the casting apparatus can be individually adapted to the respective demands of the manufacturing process. The outflows 42, 42 of the segments 4, 4 without a closure means can in this case be incorporated into the melt flow merely by way of a raising or lowering, or opening or closing, of the partitions 44, 44. Furthermore, the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46 may be kept closed until the melt 10 in the outflow trough 5 has reached a certain level, whereby, upon opening of one or more closure means 46, 46, 46, 46, defined flow conditions of the melt 10 can be provided in the respective outflow(s).
[0076] By way of the position of the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46, the volume flow of the melt 10 flowing through the outflow 42, 42, 42, 42 can, by movement of the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46, be regulated from a maximum volume flow, when the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46 is in the opened position, to zero, when the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46 is fully closed. Accordingly, the volume flow of the melt 10 can be adjusted independently for each outflow 42, 42, 42, 42 in a manner dependent on the requirements of the manufacturing process and of the connected production units.
[0077] Both the closure means 46, 46, 46, 46 and the partitions 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44 of the segments 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 are provided so as to be exchangeable, such that these can be exchanged for example owing to abrasion or wear, preferably by way of an exchanging unit which is not shown here. Alternatively, the exchange may also be performed manually.
[0078] The segments 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 are provided such that, after the closure of a partition 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44 in a segment 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 upstream of the segment 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 to be exchanged, and after the drainage of the melt 10 from the segment 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 to be exchanged, an addition, removal or exchange is performed by way of a robot (not shown here). Alternatively, use may also be made of an apparatus, or the addition, removal or exchange may be performed manually.
[0079] In the casting apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 3, the outflow trough is arranged so as to be displaceable along its longitudinal axis. After a certain time interval, the closure means 46, 46, 46 of the segments 4, 4, 4, 4 presently arranged in the outflow trough 5 are closed. Subsequently, the segment 4 is connected to the outflow trough 5. Now, the outflow trough 5 can be displaced by the length of one segment 4, such that the outflow 42 of the new segment 4 of the outflow trough 5 is situated in the position of the outflow 42 before the displacement of the outflow trough 5. After opening of the partition 46, the flow region of the melt 10 extends as far as the closed partition 44 of the new segment 4.
[0080] Analogously, after the displacement of the outflow trough 5, the partition 44 can be closed in order to decouple the flow region of the melt from the segment 4. After evacuation of the segment 4, which is still filled with melt, through the outflow 42, the segment 4 can be removed from the outflow trough 5. Alternatively, the displacement of the partition 44 and the evacuation of the segment 4 may be performed before the movement of the outflow trough 5.
[0081] FIG. 4 schematically shows a plan view of a casting apparatus 1 of similar construction to that from FIG. 3. Analogously to the latter, in FIG. 4, an outflow trough 5 is supplied with a melt 10 by way of a melting furnace 2 and an outlet 3 of the melting furnace 2. The outflow trough 5 is in this case formed from three segments 4, 4, 4. The flow region of the melt 10 is defined by the closed partitions 44, 44. The opened partition 44 permits a flow of the melt 10 into the segment 4 of the outflow trough 5, such that the outflows, which are in this case hidden by the melt, of the segments 4, 4 can be supplied with melt and conduct the latter to production units (not shown here). The outflow, hidden by the closure means 46, of the right-hand segment 4 is not charged with melt because it is, in relation to the flow region of the melt in the outflow trough 5, situated outside the closed partition 46 that delimits the flow region.
[0082] FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the casting apparatus from FIG. 4 along the inflow of the melt 10 through the outlet 3 of the melting furnace 2. It can be seen that the melt 10 does not completely fill the segment 4, such that the upper region of the closed partition 44 can be seen above the melt level. The closure means 46 is arranged in the closed position, in which it closes off the outflow 42 of the segment 4.
[0083] FIG. 6 schematically shows a partial region of a casting apparatus 1 whose segments 4, 4, 4 have, in the region of their outflows 42, 42, 42, a funnel 47, 47, 47 which generates an increased level in relation to a segment base of flat form (as can be seen for example in FIG. 5) and thereby increases the magnitude of a partial pressure in the melt 10 prevailing at the outflow 42, whereby an outlet speed of the melt 10 is increased. The flow region of the melt 10 in the outflow trough 5 is delimited on the right-hand side by the closed partition 44. The opened partition 44 permits a flow of the melt 10 from the outlet 3 of the melting furnace through the segment 4 into the segment 4. Since the closure means 46, 46 are in the opened position, the melt 10 is conducted through the outflows, which are hidden by the closure means 46, 46, to the production units (not shown here) situated therebelow.
[0084] FIG. 7 shows a cross section through a casting apparatus corresponding to FIG. 6 along the inflow of the melt 10 through the outlet 3 of the melting furnace 2, wherein the sectioned segment 4 does not have a funnel. In the embodiment illustrated here, a guide for the transfer of the melt 10 is provided between the outlet 3 of the melting furnace and the outflow trough 5. By way of the guide, it is ensured that the melt flows from the outlet into the outflow trough even when the segments with funnel-shaped outlets have been displaced in the longitudinal direction, and thus the outlet 3 is situated above the relatively narrow connecting regions of the segments 4, 4, 4.
[0085] The casting apparatus 1 schematically shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to the casting apparatuses as per FIGS. 3 and 4, wherein the outflow trough 5 is composed of three segments 4, 4, 4 which are each equipped with two outflows 42. These are arranged offset with respect to the central axis of the segments 4, 4, 4, such that the melt 10 can be supplied, below the outflow trough 5, to production units (not shown here) which are arranged offset. The left-hand and central segments 4, 4 likewise have a closure means 46, 46 for each outflow. Since the partition 44 is in the opened position, the flow region of the melt 10 is delimited by the two closed partitions 44, 44. The outflows 42 of the segment 4 are thus situated outside the flow region of the melt 10. Furthermore, the four closure means 46, 46 are in an opened position above the outflows 42, 42.
[0086] FIG. 9 schematically shows a segment 4 with a funnel 47 in the region of the outflow 42 and has, on both open sides, a movable partition 44, 44, whereby the segment 4, regardless of its installation position in the outflow trough 5, permits an activation or blocking of the outflow 42 in the event of that partition 44 which is situated closer to the outlet 3 of the melting furnace 2 being lifted into the opened position, and/or as a result of lowering into the closed position. Furthermore, the volume flow of the melt flowing through the gap can be adjusted by way of the position of the partition 44 and thus the size of a gap provided by the partition and the base of the segment 4. In this way, it is possible to dispense with the closure means for the direct closure of the outflow 42 and/or for the adjustment of the volume flow at the outlet 42. Owing to the partition 44 downstream of the outflow 42, the outflow 42 can be utilized even in the case of a position of the segment 4 in the outflow trough as per the segment 4 from FIG. 5.
[0087] FIG. 10 shows a segment 4 with two partitions 44, 44 on one side of the outflow 42. In the case of porous materials such as for example coarse ceramic, unsealed points may arise at the receptacle of the partition 44 in the segment 4. Through the provision of two partitions 44, 44, increased reliability with regard to the sealing action is realized.
[0088] FIG. 11a and FIG. 11b show a segment 4 of a casting apparatus which, at one end, as viewed from the inside to the outside, has a partition 44, a first barrier 48 with a passage 482 in the lower region and a second barrier 48 with a passage 482 in the upper region. During filling of the segment 4, which is integrated into an outflow trough (not shown here), and after a certain level of the melt (not shown here) is reached, the partition 44 is opened. As a result, melt situated close to the base flows through the passage 482 in the lower region of the barrier 48, strikes the barrier 48 and, after reaching the passage in the upper region 482, flows into a further segment (not shown here) of the outflow trough.
[0089] FIG. 12 shows a segment 4 in an alternative embodiment. Here, the partition 44 is rotatably mounted by way of a rotary joint 49. Since the partition 44 is in the closed position, the melt 10 cannot flow through the segment 4 and pass to the outflow situated under the closure means 46.
[0090] FIG. 13 shows the segment 4 from FIG. 12, wherein the partition 44 is in an opened position. In this way, the melt 10 can flow past the partition 44 and through the segment 4.
LIST OF REFERENCE DESIGNATIONS
[0091] 1 Casting apparatus [0092] 2 Melting furnace [0093] 3 Outlet [0094] 4 Segment [0095] 42 Outlet [0096] 44 Partition [0097] 46 Closure means [0098] 47 Funnel [0099] 48 Barrier [0100] 482 Opening [0101] 49 Rotary joint [0102] 5 Outflow trough [0103] 6 Production unit [0104] 7 Guide
