Drive unit for moving loads and people, and devices for moving people and loads comprising such drive units

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive unit which comprises a motor (6)-driven spindle (5), rollers (2, 3), and cables (11), and which has a favourable transmission ratio, specifically N:1 in which N=4+n, and n is an integer between 2 and 8 including 0. Said unit is used to move loads and people, is particularly suitable for lifts, is space-saving, environmentally friendly, low-maintenance, economical in terms of energy consumption, and call be used both in the construction of new lifts and in the renovation of older installations. It allows the installation to be operated securely, and people and loads to be transported at high speeds. It can, for example, be installed at the lower or upper end of a shaft, or also outside of the shaft. It can be used for movement in a vertical, horizontal and also inclined direction, and may be provided with a counter weight.

Claims

1. A drive unit for moving loads or people, comprising a spindle that is driven by a motor and acts on a nut to which two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys are attached for loose deflection, and one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and a fixed suspension for cables, chains or belts, wherein the cables, chains or belts form a transmission ratio of N:1, and N=4+n, where n is an integer from 2 to +8, and wherein one of said cables, chains, or belts is configured for connection to a transport system and said drive unit is configured so that the spindle, the motor, the nut, the two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for loose deflection, the one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and the fixed suspension are arranged in a housing configured to fit within an elevator shaft, the housing having an opening for leading out and connecting the cables, chains, or belts to the transport system.

2. The drive unit according to claim 1, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4.

3. The drive unit according to claim 2, wherein the spindle is a ball screw.

4. The drive unit according to claim 1, wherein the spindle is a ball screw.

5. The drive unit according to claim 1, wherein n=0.

6. The drive unit according to claim 5, wherein the spindle is a ball screw.

7. The drive unit according to claim 1, wherein the drive unit is configured to be mounted on a single side of the transport system.

8. A device for moving, raising or lowering loads or people in a vertical, horizontal or inclined direction, wherein the device comprises the drive unit according to claim 2.

9. A device for moving, raising or lowering loads or people in a vertical, horizontal or inclined direction, wherein the device comprises the drive unit according to claim 4.

10. A drive unit for moving loads or people comprising a spindle that is driven by a motor and acts on a nut to which two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys are attached for loose deflection, one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and a fixed suspension for cables, chains or belts, wherein the cables, chains or belts form a transmission ratio of N:1, and N=4+n, where n is an integer from 2 to +8, and wherein one of said cables, chains, or belts is configured for connection to the fixed suspension and to pass from the fixed suspension over one of the two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for loose deflection, then pass over one of the one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, then pass over a second of the two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for loose deflection as part of the drive unit prior to connecting to a transport system and said drive unit is configured so that the drive unit can be located on a single side of the transport system and the spindle, the motor, the nut, the two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for loose deflection, the one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and the fixed suspension are arranged in a housing configured to fit within an elevator shaft, the housing having an opening for leading out and connecting the cables, chains, or belts to the transport system.

11. A device for moving, raising or lowering loads or people in a vertical, horizontal or inclined direction, wherein the device comprises the drive unit according to claim 1.

12. The device according to claim 11, wherein the device is an elevator.

13. An elevator, comprising a, linear drive unit for moving a passenger elevator or a freight elevator up and down, the linear drive unit comprising a ball screw that is driven by a motor and acts on a nut, to which two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys are attached for loose deflection, and one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and a fixed suspension for cables, chains or belts, wherein the cables, chains or belts form a transmission ratio of N:1, where N=4+n, and n is an integer from 2 to +8, and wherein the elevator comprises two fixed deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys located outside of a housing configured to fit within an elevator shaft, and a car load that is drivably arranged by way of cables, chains or belts via the two fixed deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys located outside of the housing, one of said cables, chains, or belts that is guided over one of said fixed deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys located outside of the housing is provided with a counterweight for the car load, and wherein said linear drive unit comprises at least a second of said cables, chains, or belts which is guided over a second of said fixed deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys located outside of the housing and an end of said at least a second of said cables, chains, or belts opposite of the linear drive unit is affixed to the car load, and the ball screw, the motor, the nut, the two or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for loose deflection, the one or more deflection sheaves, gear wheels or pulleys for fixed deflection, and the fixed suspension are arranged in the housing, the housing having an opening for leading out and connecting the at least one cable, chain, or belt to the car load.

14. The elevator according to claim 13, wherein n=2 to 4.

15. The elevator according to claim 14, wherein a mass of the counterweight can be changed.

16. The elevator according to claim 13, wherein a mass of the counterweight can be changed.

17. The elevator according to claim 13, wherein n=0.

18. The elevator according to claim 17, wherein a mass of the counterweight can be changed.

19. The elevator according to claim 13, wherein the linear drive unit is configured to be mounted on a single side of the car load.

Description

(1) The invention will be described in greater detail hereafter based on the schematic drawings. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a drive unit according to the invention arranged in a housing;

(3) FIG. 2 shows a drive unit comprising a car and counterweight;

(4) FIG. 3 is a drive unit accommodated in the lower section of an elevator shaft;

(5) FIG. 4 is a drive unit accommodated in the upper section of the elevator shaft;

(6) FIG. 5 is a drive unit accommodated in the central section of the shaft;

(7) FIG. 6 is a drive unit arranged next to and outside the shaft;

(8) FIG. 7 shows an arrangement for horizontal transport; and

(9) FIG. 8 shows an arrangement for inclined transport.

(10) Due to the compact design, the freedom of motion of the elevator through the entire shaft is assured, regardless of whether the drive unit is attached to the upper or lower section of the shaft or any arbitrary location within the shaft.

(11) The invention will be described in greater detail based on FIG. 1, which is a schematic illustration of one embodiment. Reference numeral (5) denotes a spindle, which is surrounded by a nut (1). Two sheaves (2) are attached to the nut for the purpose of loose deflection. Depending on the direction of rotation of the spindle, these are moved up or down. Reference numeral (4) denotes a suspension, to which one or more cables (11) are attached. The figure shows one cable. It is also possible to use a plurality of cables, for example five cables, which are collectively guided over the sheaves. The lifting capacity of an elevator that is to be connected to the drive unit can be optimized by the number of cables and the weight of a potentially present counterweight, or the thickness of the cable. Reference numeral (3) denotes a sheave used for fixed deflection. Starting from the suspension (4), the cable is guided upward over the sheaves and can be attached to an elevator car from there for the purpose of moving the elevator car as the load. The cable can be guided to the load by way of appropriate deflection (not shown) and thus be used to move an elevator up and down, for example. The cable can optionally also be guided directly to the load without deflection. The spindle is driven by a motor (6).

(12) The elevator moved upward can be provided with a device for generating electricity, with the recovery taking place on the downward motion.

(13) The drive system according to the invention can be used in a wide variety of ways.

(14) It is particularly suited as a drive system for elevator installations. The expenditure and costs for production are extremely low. All individual parts are inexpensive to produce or readily commercially available. The mounting time is extremely short. The drive system can be employed in the new construction of elevators and in the upgrade of old installations, for example when replacing hydraulic drives. It is very environmentally friendly because no hydraulic drive is required, and the risk of fluid leaking associated therewith does not exist. The system is extremely space-saving due to the small space requirement and can be mounted without difficulty in a shaft pit, in the shaft itself, at the top of the shaft, or also outside the shaft. It is basically possible to neglect frictional losses and wear.

(15) The movement behavior is very precise, and no sagging at the building floor level takes place. In addition, a shaft copying system installed in the shaft can be eliminated. The installation is resistant to temperature fluctuations and penetrating impurities. The power consumption is low, and energy can be recovered during the downward motion. There are additional advantages that are not listed.

(16) The embodiment comprising a counterweight is shown schematically and will be described by way of example based on FIG. 2. The unit comprises a motor (6) or other installation by way of which the spindle (5) is driven. For an emergency, for example in the event of a power failure, it may comprise a device (not shown) by way of which the spindle can be moved manually, for example. The driven, rotating spindle acts on the nut (1), to which two deflection sheaves (2) are attached. These are used for loose deflection of the cable 11, which is also attached to a fixed suspension (4). From the fixed suspension (4), the cable (11) runs over the right deflection sheave (2) to the fixed sheave (3), which is located at the upper end of the spindle, and then over the left sheave (2) to the fixed deflection sheave (7), and from there to the load (9) (car), which generally is a freight and/or passenger elevator. The counterweight (10) can be displaced up and down. The cable (12) runs from the counterweight over the fixed sheave (8) to the load, which generally is an elevator car. As a result, the counterweight acts on the load and thus reduces the force that is required to move the elevator in keeping with the gearing.

(17) FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which the drive unit is located at the lower section of the shaft, preferably in a shaft pit.

(18) FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the drive unit is provided in the top of the shaft. It is also possible to provide the drive unit above the shaft ceiling and to lead the cable through an opening to the car.

(19) FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of the drive unit in the central section of the shaft.

(20) FIG. 6 shows an arrangement outside the elevator shaft. The cable is guided to the elevator car over two deflection sheaves.

(21) FIG. 7 shows an embodiment for moving loads horizontally. For example, heavy objects, such as tree trunks, but also vehicles such as wagons can be pulled.

(22) FIG. 8 shows one embodiment for inclined transport over sloped planes, for example an inclined lift.

(23) By way of the invention, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption when moving the elevator. Furthermore, the load can be influenced by selection of the gearing and the path length, with the same applying to the velocity with which the elevator can be moved.

(24) By adapting the mass of the counterweight, it is possible to adjust quickly to the weight of the car or the loads that are to be moved on a regular basis.

(25) Due to the compact design, the drive unit can be arranged and transported in a housing and can also be used locally as an integral part together with the housing.