Device for EMC filtering on a printed circuit

Abstract

An EMC filtering device comprises a printed circuit comprising at least two parallel layers of a high-permittivity material, which are positioned between two layers of an insulating material that are parallel to one another and to the high-permittivity material layers. A core made of a magnetic material comprises three cylindrical arms passing perpendicularly through the high-permittivity and insulating material layers. At least two windings winding around the first arm of the magnetic material core, the windings and the first arm forming a first coil. At least two windings winding around the second arm of the magnetic material core, the windings and the second arm forming a second coil. The two coils being coupled coils.

Claims

1. An EMC filtering device, comprising: a printed circuit comprising at least two parallel layers of high-permittivity layers: a first layer of high-permittivity material being positioned between a first layer of insulating material and a second layer of insulating material, the first layer of high-permittivity material comprising a negative side and a positive side on a face in contact with the first layer of insulating material and comprising a ground plane on a face in contact with the second layer of insulating material; and a second layer of high-permittivity material being positioned between the second layer of insulating material and a third layer of insulating material, the second layer of high-permittivity material comprising a positive side and a negative side on a face in contact with the third layer of insulating material and comprising a ground plane on a face in contact with the second layer of insulating material; a core made of a magnetic material comprising three cylindrical arms passing perpendicularly through the two layers of high-permittivity material and the three layers of insulating materials; at least two windings around a first arm of the core made of a magnetic material, the windings and the first arm forming a first coil; at least two windings around a second arm of the core made of a magnetic material, the windings and the second arm forming a second coil; and wherein the two coils are coupled coils.

2. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the core further comprises two plates, each positioned at one end of the three arms of the core; and wherein each of the layers of high-permittivity material and insulating material comprises three circular openings to form three cylindrical openings for positioning the three arms of the core when all of the layers are stacked together.

3. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein a first winding of each coil is positioned on a top face of the first layer of high-permittivity material in contact with the first layer of insulating material; and wherein a second winding of each coil is positioned on a bottom face of the second layer of high-permittivity material in contact with the third layer of insulating material.

4. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the windings of the two coils are flat.

5. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the windings of the two coils are wound in a same direction to provide coupled coils in a common mode.

6. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the windings of the first coil are wound in a direction opposite of the windings of the second coil to provide coupled coils in a differential mode.

7. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the core made of a magnetic material comprises an air gap.

8. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the layers of high-permittivity material are made of a carbon material.

9. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the core made of a magnetic material is made of ferrite.

10. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the layers of insulating material are made of a FR4 type dielectric material.

11. The filtering device according to claim 1, wherein the printed circuit and the arms of the core are of a height between one millimeter and three millimeters.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description and studying the figures that accompany it. These figures are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not limiting to the invention. They show:

(2) FIGS. 1a-1b (already described): schematic representations of filtering devices according to the prior art;

(3) FIGS. 2a-2b (already described): schematic representations of filtering devices according to the prior art;

(4) FIG. 3 (already described): a schematic representation of the current level |I| based on the frequency of a condenser for switching with a filtering device based on the prior art;

(5) FIG. 4: a cross-sectional view of the filtering device according to the invention;

(6) FIG. 5: a cross-sectional view of a variant of the filtering device according to the invention;

(7) FIG. 6a-6b: schematic representations of the filtering device according to the invention and a variation of the filtering device according to the invention;

(8) FIG. 7: a bottom view of the filtering device according to the invention.

(9) Identical, similar, or analogous elements maintain the same reference from one figure to the next.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(10) FIG. 4 shows an EMC filtering device 1 comprising a printed circuit 5 and a core 10 made of a magnetic material.

(11) The printed circuit 5 comprises three parallel layers 20, 21, 22 of insulating material and two layers 25, 26 of a high-permittivity material, that are parallel to one another and to the layers 20, 21, 22.

(12) More specifically, the layer 25 of high-permittivity material is positioned between the layers 20 and 21 of insulating material and the layer 26 of high-permittivity material is positioned between the layers 21 and 22 of insulating material.

(13) More specifically, the layer 25 of high-permittivity material comprises on its top face, meaning the face that is in contact with the layer 20, a negative plane 80 and a positive plane 81 and comprises on its bottom face, meaning the face that is in contact with the layer 21, a mass plane 70. Similarly, the layer 26 of high-permittivity material comprises on its bottom face, meaning the face that is in contact with the layer 22, a positive plane 82 and a negative plane 83 and comprises on its top face, meaning the face that is in contact with the layer 21, a mass plane 71.

(14) According to one embodiment, the printed circuit is of a height H1 between one millimeter and three millimeters. In one embodiment, the layers 20-22 are of a width E1 between 80 micrometers and 200 micrometers, and the layers 25, 26 are of a thickness E2 between 8 micrometers and 32 micrometers.

(15) The structure of the printed circuit 5 is symmetrical relative to a plane P1 that is parallel to the layers 20, 21, 22, 25, 26 and passes through the middle of the height H1 of the printed circuit 5 to be compatible with the requirements for manufacturing the printed circuits 5, namely at the level of mechanical resistance.

(16) In one embodiment, the layers 20, 21, 22, 25, 26 each comprise three circular openings, with a diameter D1 between two millimeters and a few centimeters, depending on the power of the equipment to be filters, such that when all of the layers 20, 21, 22, 25, 26 are stacked, the circular openings form three cylindrical openings 26, 27, 28 with a diameter D1 and a height H1.

(17) The core 10 made of a magnetic material comprises two plane-parallel plates 11, 12 that are parallel to the layers 20, 21, 22, 25, 26 and three cylindrical arms 13, 14, 15 with a diameter D2 that is slightly less than D1 and with a height H1, such that the three arms 13, 14, 15 are positioned inside of the three cylindrical openings 26, 27, 28. The plate 11 is in contact with the top face of the layer 20 that is not in contact with the layer 25 and is bound to a first end of each arm 13-15. The plate 12 is in contact with the face of the layer 22 that is not in contact with the layer 26 and is bound to a second end of each arm 13-15.

(18) The filtering device 1 further comprises two coupled coils 30, 31 each comprising two flat windings 35, 36, 37, 38 and having three arms 13, 14, 15 made from a magnetic material in common.

(19) More specifically, the first winding 35 of the first coil 30 is positioned on the top face of the layer 25, meaning the face of the layer 25 that is in contact with the layer 20, and the second winding 36 of the first coil 30 is positioned on the bottom face of the layer 26, meaning the face of the layer 26 that is in contact with the layer 22. Similarly, the first winding 37 of the second coil 31 is positioned on the top face of the layer 25, meaning the face of the layer 25 that is in contact with the layer 20 and the second coiling 38 of the second coil 31 is positioned on the bottom face of the layer 26, meaning the face of the layer 26 that is in contact with the layer 22.

(20) The windings 35, 36 wind around the arm 13 while the windings 37, 38 wrap around the arm 15.

(21) Windings 35, 36, 37, 38 comprise a width between one millimeter and one centimeter. The number of windings of the windings 35, 36, 37, 38 varies between one winding and ten windings.

(22) The positioning of the windings 35, 36, 37, 38 of the planes 70, 71, 80-83 and the layers 20-22, 25, 26 make it possible to obtain two pi filtering cells 50, 51, each comprising two condensers 60-63 and one coil 30, 31, as shown in FIGS. 6a-6b. The two coils 30, 31 are coupled.

(23) More specifically, a first terminal 60.1 of the first condenser 60 of the first cell 50 is connected to the mass 113; a second terminal 60.2 of the first condenser 60 of the first cell 50 is connected to a first terminal 30.1 of the coil 30 of the first cell 50; a second terminal 30.2 of the coil 30 of the first cell 50 is connected to a first terminal 62.2 of the second condenser 62 of the first cell 50; and a second terminal 62.1 of the condenser 62 of the first cell 50 is connected to the mass 113. Similarly, a first terminal 61.2 of the first condenser 61 of the second cell 51 is connected to the mass 113; a second terminal 61.1 of the first condenser 61 of the second cell 51 is connected to a first terminal 31.1 of the coil 31 of the second cell 51; a second terminal 31.2 of the coil 31 of the second cell 51 is connected to a first terminal 63.1 of the second condenser 63 of the second cell 51; and a second terminal 63.2 of the condenser 63 of the second cell 51 is connected to the mass 113.

(24) According to one embodiment, the inductance created by the filtering device 1 is a few microhenries.

(25) In a variant, as shown in FIG. 5, the structure 10 made of a magnetic material does not comprise an arm 14, but rather two arms 14.1, 14.2 with a diameter D2 positioned inside of the opening 27. The part of the opening 27 positioned between the two arms 14.1, 14.2 is called an air gap 16. Said air gap 16 makes it possible to prevent the saturation of the core 10 made of a magnetic material and to preserve a sufficient inductance to ensure the filtering. The thickness of the air gap 16 is between 100 micrometers and one millimeter.

(26) The position of the windings 35, 36, 37, 38 relative to the mass planes 70, 71 make it position to reduce the capacitive couplings of the windings 30, 31 such that the filtering device 1 is effective over the highest range of frequencies of the spectrum of conducted and radiated emissions.

(27) The windings 35, 36, 37, 38 are in the directions that make it possible to obtain two coupled coils 30, 31 in common mode and in differential mode. If the windings 35, 36 of the coil 30 and the windings 37, 38 of the coil 31 are wound in the same direction, for example in a clockwise direction, the two coupled coils 30, 31 are in common mode. If the windings 35, 36 of the coil 30 and the windings 37, 38 of the coil 31 are wound in opposite directions, for example the windings 35, 36 are wound in a clockwise direction and the windings 37, 38 are wound in a counterclockwise direction, the two coupled coils 30, 31 are in differential mode.

(28) When the coupled coils 30, 31 are in common mode, the filtering device 1 filters the parasites in common mode. When the coupled coils 30, 31 are in differential mode, the filtering device 1 filters the parasites in differential mode.

(29) FIG. 7 shows the filtering device 1 shown from above, when said filtering device is positioned between a power converter, next to the power supply and a LISN (Line Impedance Stabilization Network) or an electric distribution network. The disturbances present in the power converter are filtered in order to be below the threshold defined by the standards, by the filtering device 1, and therefore do not penetrate the LISN.

(30) Planes 80, 81 are respectively positive and negative planes that are connected on the side of the power supply, and planes 82, 83 are respectively positive and negative planes that are connected to the LISN or to the electric distribution network. Planes 80-83 are positioned outside of the area delimited by the core 10.

(31) The positioning of the planes 80-83 relative to the mass planes 70-71 make it possible to create a greater capacitance than the capacitance created by the positioning of the windings 35-38 relative to the mass planes 70, 71.

(32) The printed circuit 5 of the filtering device 1 does not integrate magnetic material, which facilitates the manufacture of the printed circuit 5, reduces costs, and ensures reliability in accordance with industry requirements.

(33) As a variant, the number of layers of insulating material and high-permittivity material is significant. The symmetry of the printed circuit 5 and the alternation between a layer of high-permittivity material and a layer of insulating material are respected.

(34) As a variant, an additional layer of insulating material is interlayered between the layers 20, 25 and between the layers 26, 22. The windings 35, 37 are then positioned between the first additional layer of insulating material and the layer 30 and the windings 36, 38 are then positioned between the second additional layer of insulating material and the layer 22.

(35) In one example, the layers 20-22 are made of FR4, the layers 25, 26 are made of carbon material, and the core 10 is made of ferrite. The relative permittivity .sub.r of the carbon material is eight of 16.