Use of a fuse for a direct current transmission

Abstract

The invention relates to a use of a high-voltage high-power fuse for securing direct current transmission, wherein the direct voltage of the direct current and/or the rated voltage of the high voltage fuse (1) is greater than 4 kV.

Claims

1. A high-voltage high-power fuse configured for direct current transmission, wherein a direct voltage of the direct current and/or a rated voltage of the high voltage fuse is greater than 4 kV, wherein the high voltage fuse comprises: a fuse box which is at least partially open at two end faces, at least one contact cap is arranged at each end face of the fuse box, and at least one melting conductor wound spirally around a melting conductor carrier within the fuse box, wherein the melting conductor carrier is star-shaped, has a hollow core and includes a plurality of points on the star that support the at least one melting conductor and wherein the DC current transmitted and/or the range of rated currents is greater than 5 A and wherein a rated breaking capacity is greater than 1 kA.

2. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein the DC voltage of the direct current and/or the rated voltage of the high voltage fuse is greater than 5 kV and/or is less than 150 kV.

3. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein the minimum breaking current of the high voltage fuse is greater than 3 A.

4. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein the DC current transmitted and/or the range of rated currents is greater than 10 A.

5. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein the product of the direct current protected by the high voltage fuse and the direct voltage is greater than 5 kW.

6. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein at least two melting conductors are arranged in the fuse box and the fuse box includes an extinguishing sand.

7. The fuse according to claim 1, wherein the direct current transmission is a medium voltage direct current transmission (MVDC) and/or high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC), located in one or more of a decentralized supply network, a photovoltaic installation, a photovoltaic surface installation, a wind power installation, a wind park, an offshore wind park, and/or a medium voltage direct current transmission network.

8. The fuse of claim 1, further comprising an auxiliary conductor within the hollow, star-shaped melting conductor carrier.

9. A high-voltage high-power direct current fuse comprising: a cylindrical fuse box which is at least partially open on two ends, at least one contact cap arranged on one end, at least a second contact cap arranged on an opposite end, extinguishing sand withing the fuse box, at least one hollow, star-shaped conductor carrier within the fuse box, the carrier having a plurality of pointed protrusions, at least one melting conductor wound around the conductor carrier, the plurality of pointed protrusions on the carrier supporting the at least one melting conductor, wherein the fuse is rated for greater than 5 A and 4 kV direct current and wherein a rated breaking capacity is greater than 1 kA.

10. The fuse of claim 9, further comprising an auxiliary conductor within the hollow, star-shaped conductor carrier.

11. The fuse of claim 9, wherein the extinguishing sand fills the fuse box.

12. The fuse of claim 9, wherein the at least one melting conductor is wave-shaped or corrugated.

13. The fuse of claim 9, wherein the at least one melting conductor is a silver strip.

14. The fuse of claim 9, wherein the at least one melting conductor is electrolytic copper.

15. The fuse of claim 9, wherein one or more of the fuse is hermetically sealed and the fuse box includes an extinguishing sand filling.

16. The fuse of claim 9, wherein an auxiliary conductor runs axially within the hollow, star-shaped conductor carrier.

17. The fuse of claim 16, wherein the auxiliary conductor is in parallel to the at least one melting conductor.

Description

(1) Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention result from the following description of examples of embodiment using the drawing and the drawing itself. Thereby all described and/or pictorially represented features, either individually or in any combination, constitute the subject-matter of the present invention, irrespective of their combination in the claims and their retro-relation.

(2) It shows:

(3) FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of the principle of using a high voltage fuse according to the invention to protect a direct current transmission,

(4) FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the principle of another embodiment of the use of the high voltage fuse according to the invention for securing direct current transmission,

(5) FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective illustration of a high voltage fuse according to the invention,

(6) FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a high voltage fuse according to the invention,

(7) FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective illustration of a further embodiment of a high voltage fuse according to the invention,

(8) FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a high voltage fuse according to the invention and

(9) FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of another embodiment of a high voltage fuse according to the invention.

(10) FIG. 1A shows the use of a high-voltage high capacity fuse 1 (high voltage fuse 1) to protect a DC transmission. In FIGS. 1A and 1B the high voltage fuse 1 is arranged between a direct current source 15 and a consumer 8. The direct current that is transmitted to the consumer(s) 8 flows through the high voltage fuse 1.

(11) The DC voltage of the DC current and/or the rated voltage of the high voltage fuse 1 is thereby greater than 4 kV.

(12) FIG. 2 shows a fuse box 3 as well as contact caps 4 of the high voltage fuse 1. What is not shown is that the fuse box 3 is designed at least essentially open at the two end faces 2.

(13) The contact caps 4 serve for electrical contacting. As can be seen in FIG. 3, at least one melting conductor 6 is arranged in the fuse box 3, which is wound spirally and/or in a helix shape around a melting conductor carrier 5.

(14) FIGS. 3 and 4 show that the melting conductor carrier 5 is essentially designed star-shaped. The star-shaped design of the melting conductor carrier 5 is also shown in FIG. 5. The melting conductor carrier 5 comprises—seen in cross section—protrusions 13 and/or ribs, wherein recesses and/or depressions 14 are provided between the protrusions 13 and/or ribs. The protrusions 13 are thereby designed in such a way that they can be used for at least essentially punctual support of the melting conductor 6. Between the protrusions 13, the melting conductor 6 does not rest on the surface of the melting conductor carrier 5.

(15) In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the DC voltage of the direct current is greater than 4 kV and less than 80 kV. In other embodiments, the direct voltage can be between 4 kV and 52 kV. In further embodiments the rated voltage and/or the rated voltage range of the high voltage fuse 1 is greater than 5 kV and/or less than 100 kV and/or is between 4 kV and 100 kV, even more preferably between 5 kV and 80 kV.

(16) Furthermore, when using the high voltage fuse 1 for direct current transmission as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the lowest breaking current of the high voltage fuse 1 is 50 A±20 A. In other embodiments the smallest breaking current of the high voltage fuse 1 can be higher than 3 A and/or lower than 500 A and/or between 3 A and 700 A, preferably between 5 A and 500 A.

(17) The rated breaking capacity and/or the highest breaking current of the high voltage fuse 1 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is greater than 1 kA and/or lies between 20 kA to 50 kA.

(18) The direct current source 15 shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B provides direct current with a current intensity of more than 5 A. Especially, the current intensity of the direct current and/or the rated current range is between 10 A and 75 kA.

(19) As a function of the transmitted direct current and the direct voltage, the product of the direct current and the direct voltage protected by the high voltage fuse 1 can vary. In the embodiment examples shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the above product 1000 kW±500 kW. In other embodiments, the product (mathematical multiplication) of the DC current and the direct voltage protected by the high voltage fuse 1 can vary between 5 kW and 3000 MW, especially between 700 kW and 1000 MW.

(20) FIG. 4 shows that at least two melting conductors 6 are arranged in the fuse box 3. In other embodiments it may be planned to use two to ten melting conductors 6.

(21) It is not shown that the direct current transmission is a medium voltage direct current transmission (MVDC) and/or a high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC), especially in a decentralized supply network. The medium voltage direct current transmission comprises a direct voltage of up to 30 kV. High-voltage direct current transmission comprises a direct voltage of over 50 kV.

(22) The high voltage fuse 1 can also be arranged in a medium voltage direct current transmission network, especially in a medium voltage direct current system with at least one MVDC device.

(23) Furthermore, it is not shown that the direct current source 15 is a photovoltaic installation and/or a photovoltaic surface installation (i.e. a solar park) and/or a wind power installation and/or a wind park, especially an offshore wind park. Especially the above-mentioned energy conversion plants provide direct current to the direct current network. The electricity generated by the aforementioned energy conversion plants can be transmitted electrically to consumers 8 secured by at least one high voltage fuse 1.

(24) In addition, FIGS. 1A and 1B show a system 7 with a consumer 8 which can be supplied by direct current. In particular the consumer 8 is a user and/or a plurality of users. Furthermore, system 7 comprises a high voltage fuse 1, which is designed to protect the direct current transmitted to consumer 8. It is not shown that the capacity of consumer 8 is greater than 5 kW and/or less than 2000 MW. Particularly, the high voltage fuse 1 is in-stalled in a direct current network.

(25) FIG. 2 shows that the fuse box 3 is designed as a hollow cylinder and/or tube. The end face of the fuse box 3 is enclosed by the contact caps 4, wherein the contact cap 4 can be placed on the fuse box 3.

(26) FIG. 2 shows that the contact cap 4 covers at least a part of the shell surface 9 in the end face area of the fuse box 3.

(27) It is not shown that the contact cap 4 is associated to a further top cap which is placed in front of the contact cap 4 and at least partially covers the contact cap 4. In this case the contact cap 4 is a so-called inner auxiliary cap.

(28) The fuse box 3 shown in FIG. 2 comprises a ceramic material. In other embodiments, the fuse box 3 can be made of a ceramic material.

(29) It is not shown that an extinguishing agent is provided in the fuse box 3. The extinguishing agent can be an extinguishing sand filling, preferably quartz sand, and/or air.

(30) FIG. 4 shows that the melting conductor 6 is electrically connected to the contact cap 4.

(31) It is not shown that the melting conductor 6 is at least partially, and in particular completely, embedded in and/or surrounded by the extinguishing agent.

(32) Furthermore, FIG. 4 shows that the melting conductor 6 is wave-shaped and/or corrugated, so that—seen in cross-section—a zig-zag shape results. A non-ribbed melting conductor 6 is provided in the design example shown in FIG. 3.

(33) The material of the melting conductor 6 shown in FIG. 4 is silver, especially fine silver. The melting conductor 6 can be designed as a fine silver strip. In other embodiments, the material of the melting conductor 6 comprises and/or consists of electrolytic copper.

(34) Furthermore, it is not shown that the fuse box 3 is at least essentially hermetically sealed.

(35) In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the melting conductors 6, which are wound helically around the melting conductor carrier 5, are connected in parallel. The melting conductor carrier 5 shown in FIG. 4 is designed in one piece. In other embodiments, the melting conductor carrier 5 can be composed of several additional elements. Hard porcelain can be used as material for the melting conductor carrier 5.

(36) In a further embodiment, the melting conductor carrier 5 can be designed in such a way that a plurality of chambers is formed, especially wherein a cross-sectional constriction is provided in at least one chamber.

(37) FIG. 6 shows that the high voltage fuse 1 comprises a release device 10. The release device 10 is designed for switching a device connected to the high voltage fuse 1. This device is not shown in the example shown in FIG. 6. The device can be a transformer switch and/or a load switch, preferably with free release. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the release device 10 is arranged at least partially in the contact cap 4.

(38) Furthermore, the release device 10 comprises a strike pin release mechanism. The strike pin 11 can penetrate the top side of the contact cap 4 when the release device 10 is triggered. When in use, the contact cap 4 is enclosed to prevent the penetration of liquids or gases. Further, the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows that the strike pin 11 is connected to an auxiliary melting conductor 12. The strike pin 11 can be triggered by the auxiliary melting conductor 12, especially in case of a short circuit. A pretensioned spring can be associated to the strike pin 11. When the auxiliary melting conductor 12 is triggered, this spring is designed in such a way that the strike pin 11 emerges from the end face of one of the contact caps 4. In particular, the strike pin 11 can act on a circuit breaker, which can switch off the faulty current on all poles.

(39) FIG. 6 shows that the auxiliary melting conductor 12 runs over the entire length of the fuse box 3. In addition, the auxiliary melting conductor 12 runs axially through the center of the melting conductor carrier 5.

(40) It is not shown that the auxiliary melting conductor 12 is electrically connected in parallel to the melting conductors 6 and/or the melting conductors 6.

(41) Furthermore, it is not shown that a safety device is associated to the release device 10. The safety device can be designed in such a way that after the triggering the strike pin 11 cannot be pressed and/or displaceable into the fuse box 3 anymore.

(42) Furthermore, it is not shown that at least one indicating device is associated to the high voltage fuse 1 as an alternative or in addition to the strike pin release mechanism. The indicating device can be designed for optical and/or acoustic indication of a condition and can be triggered and/or activated especially when the high voltage fuse 1 is triggered. The indicating device can be at least partially arranged in a contact cap 4.

(43) It is not shown that the contact cap 4 comprises a galvanic coating and/or a silver coating and/or the material electrolytic copper and/or aluminium and/or consists of it.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(44) 1 high voltage fuse 2 end faces of 3 3 fuse box 4 contact cap 5 melting conductor carrier 6 melting conductor 7 system 8 consumers 9 shell surface of 3 10 release device 11 strike pin 12 auxiliary melting conductor 13 protrusion of 5 14 depression of 5 15 direct current source