Electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant having a passage opening (1) for fragmentation material (3) and having several electrode pairs (4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h) by means of which, by charging the electrodes (4a-4d, 5a-5h) thereof with high-voltage pulses, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening (1), for fragmentation of the fragmentation material (3). The passage opening (1) is formed in such a way and the electrodes (4a-4d, 5a-5h) of the electrode pairs are arranged therein in such a way that for each electrode pair (4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h) in the area of a shortest connecting line (L) between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball (K) can pass through the passage opening (1), the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this respective shortest connecting line (L). With such an electrode arrangement it is possible to carry out an electrodynamic fragmentation of fragmentation material in an economical manner with comparatively small high-voltage pulses. This also results in the possibility of expanding the realizable target value range of existing plants considerably in the direction of larger target values by retrofitting such plants with the electrode arrangement according to the invention.

Claims

1. An electrode arrangement for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant, the electrode arrangement comprising: a passage opening or passage channel for fragmentation material; at least one pair of electrodes, wherein charging the electrodes with high-voltage pulses generates high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or passage channel for fragmentation of fragmentation material; a connecting line extending through the passage opening or channel and between the pair of electrodes, the connecting line representing a shortest distance between the pair of electrodes in a direction extending transverse to a central axis of the passage opening or channel; and at least one passage for the fragmentation material defined by the passage opening or passage channel the at least one passage extending over an entire length of the passage opening or passage channel and having a diameter that is bigger than a length of the connecting line.

2. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises several pairs of electrodes, wherein charging the electrodes with high-voltage pulses generates high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or passage channels for fragmentation of fragmentation material.

3. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the at least one area includes an area on both sides of the connecting line.

4. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the diameter is bigger than 1.2 times the length of the connecting line.

5. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the passage opening or passage channel has a cross-sectional shape which is round or square, and wherein the at least one pair of electrodes comprises one or more electrode protrusions extending from an outer boundary of the passage opening or passage channel and protruding into the passage opening or passage channel, leaving open a center of the passage opening or passage channel.

6. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the passage opening or passage channel has a cross-sectional shape which is ring-shaped.

7. The electrode arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the at least one pair of electrodes comprises one or several electrode protrusions protruding into the passage opening or passage channel from an inner and/or outer boundary of the passage opening or passage channel.

8. The electrode arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the electrode protrusions extend perpendicularly to an intended passing-through direction or inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction.

9. The electrode arrangement according to claim 7, wherein the inner boundaries and/or the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of passage channel are formed by an isolator body, which carries individual electrode protrusions.

10. The electrode arrangement according to claim 7, wherein from the inner boundaries and from the outer boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel several electrode protrusions protrude into the passage opening or passage channel, and wherein to each of the electrode protrusions, which protrude from the inner boundaries into the passage opening or passage channel, in each case there are dedicated at least two of the electrode protrusions which are protruding from the outer boundaries into the passage opening or into the passage channel.

11. The electrode arrangement according to claim 7, wherein from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel one or several electrode protrusions protrude into the passage opening or passage channel, and wherein the outer boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel are formed by one single, ring-shaped electrode.

12. The electrode arrangement according to claim 7, wherein from the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel several electrode protrusions protrude into the passage opening or passage channel, a part of which or all of which, inclined in a direction opposite to an intended passing-through direction, protruding into the passage opening or passage channel, such that their free ends in axial direction extend beyond a body which carries these electrode protrusions.

13. The electrode arrangement according to claim 6, wherein the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel are formed by one single, disc-shaped, stick-shaped or ball-shaped electrode.

14. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the electrode arrangement comprises a passage channel for fragmentation material, within which at different axial positions with respect to an intended passing-through direction, from outer boundaries and/or from inner boundaries of the passage channel electrode protrusions protrude into the passage channel.

15. The electrode arrangement according to claim 14, wherein the electrode protrusions, which are arranged at different axial positions, at different circumferential positions of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries protrude into the passage channel.

16. The electrode arrangement according to claim 14, wherein a part of or all of the electrode protrusions, which seen in the passing-through direction are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction protrude into the passage channel.

17. Electrode arrangement according to claim 16, wherein at least a part of or all of the electrode protrusions, which protrude from the inner boundaries of the passage channel into the passage channel and are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction protrude into the passage channel.

18. The electrode arrangement according to claim 16, wherein the electrode protrusions, which seen in the passing-through direction are arranged at an axial position following the first axial position, perpendicularly to the passing-through direction or inclined in direction of the passing-through direction protrude into the passage channel.

19. The electrode arrangement according to claim 15, wherein the electrode protrusions protrude into the passage channel in such a manner that the passage channel cannot be passed by a cylindrical body having hemispherical ends, which has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball that can pass through the passage channel and has a height of more than 1.1 times this diameter.

20. The electrode arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the electrode protrusions, seen in the passing-through direction, are evenly distributed at the circumference of the outer boundaries and/or of the inner boundaries of the passage opening or of the passage channel.

21. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein at an intended exit side of the passage opening or passage channel there is arranged a blocking arrangement, which with respect to its geometry, is designed in such a manner and with respect to the passage opening or passage channel is arranged in such a manner that a cylindrical body having hemispherical ends, which body has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball that can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel and has a height of more than 1.1 times by the blocking arrangement is prevented from leaving the passage opening or the passage channel, while the largest ball that can pass through the passage opening or the passage channel can be guided away from the passage opening or the passage channel.

22. The electrode arrangement according to claim 21, wherein the blocking arrangement is designed as a deflecting device for the fragmentation material which is discharged.

23. A fragmentation plant comprising an electrode arrangement according to claim 1 and a high-voltage pulse generator for charging the electrodes of the electrode arrangement with high-voltage pulses.

24. The fragmentation plant according to claim 23, wherein the electrode arrangement is aligned in such a manner that the passage opening or passage channel has a vertical passing-through direction.

25. The fragmentation plant according to claim 23, wherein the electrode arrangement has a passage opening or passage channel having a ring-shaped cross-sectional shape and wherein the high-voltage pulse generator is arranged underneath the passage opening or passage channel and the electrodes formed at the inner boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel are directly charged from underneath with high-voltage pulses.

26. The fragmentation plant according to claim 25, wherein the outer boundaries of the passage opening or passage channel or the electrodes arranged at these outer boundaries are on ground potential.

27. Use of the fragmentation plant according to claim 23 for fragmenting of poorly conductive material selected from at least one of the following: silicium, concrete or slag.

28. A method for fragmenting material by means of high-voltage discharges to a fragment size smaller than or equal to a target size, comprising: a) providing an electrode arrangement according to claim 1 having a passage opening or passage channel which is designed in such a manner that material fragments having a fragment size equal to the target size can pass through the passage opening or passage channel and material fragments having a fragment size bigger than the target size are retained by the electrode arrangement, b) charging the electrode arrangement at one side of the passage opening or the passage channel with material that is to be fragmented having a fragment size bigger than the target size; c) generating high-voltage discharges within the passage opening or passage channel by charging the electrodes of the electrode arrangement with high-voltage pulses for fragmentation of the material to a fragment size smaller than or equal to the target size; and d) passing the material fragments which have been fragmented to a fragment size smaller than or equal to the target size through the passage opening or the passage channel of the electrode arrangement.

29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the charging of the electrode arrangement with the material that is to be fragmented and the passing of the fragmented material fragments through the passage opening or the passage channel is effected by means of gravitation forces.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the passage opening or passage channel of the electrode arrangement during the generating of high-voltage discharges is flooded with a process liquid, wherein the passage opening or passage channel in a passing-through direction of the material is flushed by a stream of process liquid.

31. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the passage opening or passage channel is formed by the electrodes.

32. The electrode arrangement according to any one of claim 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17 or 18, wherein the electrode protrusions have the shape of a stick or tip.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Further embodiments, advantages and applications of the invention become apparent from the dependent claims and from the following description on the basis of the drawings. Therein show:

(2) FIG. 1 a topview onto a first electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 a topview onto a second electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(4) FIG. 3 a topview onto a third electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(5) FIG. 4 a topview onto a fourth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(6) FIG. 5 a topview onto a fifth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(7) FIG. 6 a topview onto a sixth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(8) FIG. 7 a topview onto a seventh electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(9) FIG. 8 a topview onto a eighth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(10) FIG. 8a a topview onto a ninth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(11) FIG. 8b a vertical section through a part of a first fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 8a;

(12) FIG. 9 a topview onto a tenth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(13) FIG. 10 a topview onto an eleventh electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(14) FIG. 11 a topview onto a twelfth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(15) FIG. 11a a vertical section through a part of a second fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 11;

(16) FIG. 11b a representation as FIG. 11a showing the plant according to the invention in the fragmenting operation;

(17) FIG. 11c a representation as FIG. 11a with schematically depicted ball-shaped and cylinder-shaped bodies arranged within the passage opening;

(18) FIG. 11d a representation as FIG. 11a with a long fragment arranged within the electrode arrangement;

(19) FIG. 11e a representation as FIG. 11a of the second fragmentation plant according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement of FIG. 11;

(20) FIG. 12 a topview onto a thirteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(21) FIG. 12a a vertical section through a part of a third fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 12;

(22) FIG. 12b a representation as FIG. 12a of the third plant according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement of FIG. 12;

(23) FIG. 13 a topview onto a fourteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(24) FIG. 14 a topview onto a fifteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention;

(25) FIG. 14a a vertical section through a part of a fourth fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 14;

(26) FIG. 14b a representation as FIG. 14a of the fourth fragmentation plant according to the invention with a variant of the electrode arrangement of FIG. 14;

(27) FIG. 15 a topview onto a sixteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention; and

(28) FIG. 15a a vertical section through a part of a fifth fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 15.

MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(29) FIG. 1 shows a first electrode arrangement according to the invention for an electrodynamic fragmentation plant in a topview. As can be seen, the electrode arrangement comprises a passage opening 1 having a rectangular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, respectively, for fragmentation material, from the outer boundaries of which three stick-shaped electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c protrude into the passage opening, thereby leaving open the center of the passage opening 1.

(30) The outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an isolator body 7. The electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c are formed by single-electrodes, which are carried by the isolator body 7.

(31) The two electrodes 5b, 5c which are commonly arranged at one side of the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are via a line (not visible) in an electrically conductive manner connected with each other and via the isolator body 7 are electrically isolated with respect to the electrode 5a, which is arranged opposite to them. In this way, the three electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c form two electrode pairs 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c, by means of which, by charging the electrodes with high-voltage pulses, e.g. in that the two lower electrodes 5b, 5c are put on ground potential while the upper electrode 5a is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening 1, for fragmentation of the fragmentation material which enters into the passage opening 1 or is located in the vicinity of one of the electrode pairs.

(32) The passage opening 1 is designed in such a way and the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c are arranged therein in such a way that for each electrode pair 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b and 5a, 5c, respectively, of the respective electrode pair (in each case depicted in dashed lines), a ball K (in each case depicted in dashed lines) can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this respective shortest connecting line L.

(33) FIG. 2 shows a topview onto a second electrode arrangement according to the invention, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 1 in that its passage opening 1 has a circular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, respectively, from the outer boundaries of which on opposite sides two stick-shaped electrode protrusions 5a, 5b protrude into it, which as well are leaving open the center of the passage opening 1.

(34) Also here, the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by an isolator body 7 and the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b are formed by single-electrodes, which are carried by the isolator body 7.

(35) Accordingly, the two electrodes 5a, 5b form an electrode pair 5a, 5b, by means of which high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening 1.

(36) Thereby, the passage opening 1 also here is designed in such a way and the electrodes 5a, 5b are arranged therein in such a way that in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes 5a, 5b (depicted in dashed lines), a ball K (depicted in dashed lines) can pass through the passage opening, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line L.

(37) FIG. 3 shows a third electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 1 merely in that its passage opening 1 has a circular basic shape or cross-sectional shape, respectively, from the outer boundaries of which the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c radially protrude into it. All other statements made with regard to the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 1 analogously apply also to this electrode arrangement and therefore must not be repeated here.

(38) FIG. 4 shows a fourth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 2 merely in that it consists of two electrode arrangements according to FIG. 2, which are arranged one behind the other and which comprise a common isolator body 7, and in that the rear electrode arrangement is rotated with respect to the front electrode arrangement by 90. The electrodes 5c, 5d of the rear electrode arrangement are depicted here in dashed lines in order to indicate that these are arranged in a plane behind the electrodes 5a, 5b of the front electrode arrangement. All other statements made before with regard to the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 2 analogously apply also to this electrode arrangement and therefore must not be repeated here.

(39) FIG. 5 shows a fifth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview. In this embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a passage channel 2 with a ring-shaped basic shape or cross-sectional shape, respectively, the outer boundaries of which are formed by a rectangular metal pipe 5, e.g. made of stainless steel. The inner boundaries of the passage channel 2 are formed by a solid metal profile 4, for example as well made of stainless steel, with a quadratic cross-section, which is arranged in the center of the pipe 5 and the outer surfaces of which form with the opposite inner surfaces of the rectangular metal pipe 5 in each case an angle of 45. In the present case, the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which together with the respective opposite area of the inner wall of the metal pipe 5 in each case form an electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5, by means of which, by charging the rectangular metal pipe 5 and the solid metal profile 4 with high-voltage pulses, e.g. in that the pipe 5 is put on ground potential while the solid profile 4 is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator, in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage channel 2. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are depicted in dashed lines.

(40) Thereby, as can be seen, the passage channel 2 is formed by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage channel 2, the diameter of which in each case is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line L.

(41) FIG. 6 shows a sixth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 5 in that, in the center of the rectangular metal pipe 5, there is not arranged a solid metal profile 4 having a quadratic cross-section but an isolator body 6 having a circular cross-section, from which in each case, pointing in direction of one of the corners of the rectangular metal pipe 5, four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d which are formed by single-electrodes protrude radially outward. These electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are screwed into an electric conductor (not shown) in the center of the isolator body 6 and by doing so are in an electrically conductive manner connected with each other, so that they can commonly be charged via these conductor with high-voltage pulses.

(42) In the present case, each of the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms, together with each of the two inner walls of the rectangular metal pipe 5 which are arranged opposite to them, in each case an electrode pair, by means of which high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage channel 2. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs formed in that way are in each case depicted in dashed lines.

(43) Thereby, also here the passage channel 2 is designed in such a way and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5 are arranged in such a way that at each of the eight electrode pairs which are formed by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d and the respective two inner walls of the rectangular stainless steel pipe 5 which are arranged opposite to each electrode 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage channel 2, the diameter of which in each case is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair.

(44) FIG. 7 shows a seventh electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview. In this embodiment, the electrode arrangement has a passage opening 1 with a ring-shaped basic shape or cross-sectional shape, respectively, the outer boundaries of which are formed by a metal ring 5. The inner boundaries of the passage opening 1 are formed by a star-shaped electrode body 4, as well made of metal, which is arranged in the center of the ring 5. The star-shaped electrode body 4 forms four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which in each case form, together with the respective opposite inner wall area of the ring 5 which surrounds the electrode body 4, an electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage channel 2. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 are depicted in dashed lines.

(45) As can be seen, the passage opening 1 here is formed by the metal ring 5 and the electrode body 4 and the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5, respectively, in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which in each case is bigger than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.

(46) FIG. 8 shows an eighth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 7 merely in that, instead of the star-shaped electrode body, an isolator body 6 with electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged at it as described with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 6 is arranged in the center of the metal ring 5.

(47) Thereby, each of the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms, together with the respective opposite inner wall area of the ring 5 which surrounds the electrode body 4, an electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5, by means of which high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage channel 2. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 again are depicted in dashed lines.

(48) In this way, also here the passage opening 1 is formed by the metal ring 5 and the isolator body 6 as well as by the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged at it in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which in each case is bigger than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5.

(49) FIG. 8a shows an ninth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 8 merely in that the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, inclined in a direction that is opposite to the intended passing-through direction S protrude from the central isolator body 6 into the passage opening 1.

(50) As can be taken from FIG. 8b, which shows a vertical section through a part of a first fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 8a, the electrode arrangement inside the fragmentation plant is oriented such that its passage opening has a vertical intended passing-through direction S. The four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d form thereby the upper end of a high-voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator (not depicted) arranged directly underneath it, for charging the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d with high-voltage pulses. The metal ring 5 is on ground potential.

(51) Above the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the entry side of the electrode arrangement, a feeding funnel 13 is arranged, by means of which the fragmentation material that is to be fragmented by gravity forces can be fed to the electrode arrangement.

(52) Underneath the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the discharging side of the electrode arrangement, a deflecting device in the form of a cone-shaped deflecting sheet is arranged, which can radially towards the outside deflect the fragmentation material which is discharged from the electrode arrangement and has been fragmented to target size and by gravity forces remove it from the electrode arrangement.

(53) FIG. 9 shows a tenth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 7 merely in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 are not formed by a metal ring but are by a pipe-shaped isolator body 7, which on its inner side in each case opposite to the individual electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the star-shaped electrode body 4 carries lens-shaped single-electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d made of metal, which via a connecting line (not shown) in an electrically conductive manner are connected with each other.

(54) The four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d of the star-shaped electrode body 4 form in each case together with the respective single-electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d which are arranged opposite to them an electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage channel 2 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 again are depicted in dashed lines.

(55) Also here, the passage opening 1 is formed by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 with the single-electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.

(56) FIG. 10 shows an eleventh electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 9 merely in that instead of the star-shaped electrode body, a solid metal profile 4 having a quadratic cross-section as in FIG. 5 is arranged in the center of the pipe-shaped isolator body 7.

(57) Also here, the corners of the solid profile 4 serve as electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which together with the respective lens-shaped single-electrode 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d which is arranged opposite to them, in each case form am electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d, by means of which high-voltage discharges can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs 4a, 5; 4b, 5; 4c, 5; 4d, 5 again are depicted in dashed lines.

(58) This electrode arrangement has a passage channel 2 which is formed by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 with the single-electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d arranged thereon and the electrode body 4 in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage channel, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4b, 5b; 4c, 5c; 4d, 5d.

(59) FIG. 11 shows a twelfth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 8 in that the outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 instead of by a metal ring are formed by a pipe-shaped isolator body 7, which at its inner side features, uniformly distributed over its circumference, stick-shaped electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h which radially protrude into the passage opening 1.

(60) Thereby, to each of the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which from the central isolator body 6 in radial direction protrude into the passage opening 1, in each case there are dedicated two stick-shaped electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, which are arranged at the inner side of the pipe-shaped isolator body 7. In this way, in total eight electrode pairs 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h are formed with the electrode prodtrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h which protrude from the inner and outer boundaries of the passage opening 1 into same, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges within the passage opening 1 can be generated. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs again are depicted in dashed lines.

(61) As can be seen, the passage opening 1 here is formed by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 with the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h arranged thereon and the central isolator body 6 with the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d arranged thereon in such a way that for each electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of this shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4a, 5a; 4a, 5b; 4b, 5c; 4b, 5d; 4c, 5e; 4c, 5f; 4d, 5g; 4d, 5h.

(62) The FIGS. 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d show vertical sections through a part of a second fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 11, once without fragmentation material (FIG. 11a), once with fragmentation material (FIG. 11b), once with schematically depicted ball-shaped and cylinder-shaped bodies arranged in the passage opening (FIG. 11c) and once with a long fragment arranged within the passage opening 1 of the electrode arrangement (FIG. 11d).

(63) As can be taken from these figures, the electrode arrangement is oriented within the fragmentation plant in such a manner that its passage opening 1 has a vertical passing-through direction S. Therein, the central isolator body 6 with the four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d forms the upper end of a cylindrical high-voltage electrode 9, which is connected to a high-voltage pulse generator (not depicted) directly positioned underneath it, for charging the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d with high-voltage pulses. The electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h which are carried by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 are put on ground potential.

(64) Above the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the entry side of the electrode arrangement, a feeding funnel 13 is arranged, by means of which the fragmentation material 3 which is to be fragmented by gravity forces is fed to the electrode arrangement.

(65) Underneath the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the discharging side of the electrode arrangement, a deflecting device in the form of a cone-shaped deflecting sheet 10 is arranged, which radially towards the outside deflects the fragmentation material which is discharged from the electrode arrangement and has been fragmented to target size and by gravity forces removes it from the electrode arrangement. As is visible in particular in FIG. 11c, the deflecting device 10 in this case forms a blocking arrangement which with respect to its geometry is designed in such a manner and with respect to the passage opening 1 is arranged in such a manner that a cylindrical body Z having hemispherical ends, which body has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the largest ball K that can pass through the passage opening 1 in the respective passing-through area and has a height of more than 1.3 times this diameter, by this blocking arrangement 10 is prevented from leaving the passage opening 1, while the largest ball K that can pass through the passage opening 1 in the respective passing-through area can be guided away from the passage opening 1.

(66) By this, the advantage depicted in FIG. 11d is arrived at that long pieces of fragmentation material 11b are retained in the passage opening 1 by the deflecting device 10 which acts as blocking arrangement and are further fragmented until they are short enough for passing the deflecting device 10 and for being guided away from the passage opening 1. By this, it can be achieved that the fragmentation material which is discharged substantially consists of compact pieces 11a and practically contains no long fragments 11b.

(67) FIG. 11e shows a variant of the second fragmentation plant according to the invention. This one differs from the fragmentation plant shown in FIG. 11a merely in that all electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h inclined in a direction that is opposite to the intended passing-through direction S protrude into the passage opening 1. Thereby, the four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which protrude from the central isolator body 6 into the passage opening 1, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9.

(68) FIG. 12 shows a thirteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 11 merely in that, instead of the central isolator body with the electrode protrusions arranged at it, a cone-shaped electrode 4 made of metal forms the inner boundaries of the passage opening 1. Thereby, the stick-shaped electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h which radially protrude from the inner side of the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 into the passage opening 1 in each case form, with the boundary area of the cone-shaped electrode 4 which is positioned opposite to them, in total eight electrode pairs 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h, by means of which in each case high-voltage discharges can be generated within the passage opening 1. The shortest connecting lines L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pairs also here are depicted in dashed lines.

(69) As can be seen, the passage opening 1 here is formed by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 with the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h arranged thereon and the central cone-electrode 4 in such a way that for each electrode pair 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h in the area of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair, a ball K can pass through the passage opening 1, the diameter of which is bigger than the length of the shortest connecting line L between the electrodes of the respective electrode pair 4, 5a; 4, 5b; 4, 5c; 4, 5d; 4, 5e; 4, 5f; 4, 5g; 4, 5h.

(70) FIG. 12a shows a vertical section through a part of a third fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 12. This fragmentation plant differs from the fragmentation plant according to the FIGS. 11a-11d merely in the design of the central high-voltage electrode 9, the upper end of which here is formed by the cone-shaped electrode 4. All other statements made with regard to the electrode arrangement shown in the FIGS. 11a-11d analogously apply also to this electrode arrangement and therefore must not be repeated here.

(71) FIG. 12b shows a variant of the third fragmentation plant according to the invention. This one differs from the fragmentation plant shown in FIG. 12a merely in that the electrodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h which are arranged at the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 inclined in a direction which is opposite to the intended passing-through direction S protrude into the passage opening 1.

(72) FIG. 13 shows a fourteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 9 merely in that it consists of two electrode arrangements according to FIG. 9, which are arranged one behind the other and which comprise a common isolator body 7, and in that the rear electrode arrangement with respect to the front electrode arrangement is rotated by an angle of 45. The electrodes 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h and 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the rear electrode arrangement are depicted here in dotted lines in order to indicate that these are arranged in a plane behind the electrodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d und 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d of the front electrode arrangement. All other statements made with regard to the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 9 analogously apply also to this electrode arrangement and therefore must not be repeated here.

(73) FIG. 14 shows a fifteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention in a topview, which differs from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 11 merely in that it consists of two electrode arrangements according to FIG. 11 arranged one behind the other, which comprise a common isolator body 7, and in that the electrode protrusions 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode arrangement, which protrude from the central isolator body 6 into the passage channel 2, are rotated around the central axis of the electrode arrangement about an angle of 45. The electrode protrusions 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h of the rear electrode arrangement are again depicted here in dotted lines in order to indicate that these are arranged in a plane behind the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d und 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the front electrode arrangement. The electrode protrusions 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p of the rear electrode arrangement are not visible here, since in this representation they are hidden behind the electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h of the front electrode arrangement. They are, however, in part visible in FIG. 14a. All other statements made with regard to the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 11 analogously apply also to this electrode arrangement and therefore must not be repeated here.

(74) FIG. 14a shows a vertical section through a part of a fourth fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising an electrode arrangement according to FIG. 14.

(75) Also in this fragmentation plant, the electrode arrangement is oriented in such a manner that the passage channel 2 has a vertical passing-through direction S. Thereby, the central isolator body 6 with the eight electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, which in an offset manner are arranged at the circumference, forms the upper end of a cylindrical high-voltage electrode 9, which, as already in the earlier described fragmentation plants, is connected with a high-voltage pulse generator which is arranged directly underneath it, for commonly charging the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h with high-voltage pulses. The electrode protrusions 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p which are carried by the pipe-shaped isolator body 7 are commonly put on ground potential.

(76) As already in the earlier described fragmentation plants, also here, above the electrode arrangement there is arranged a feeding funnel 13, by means of which the fragmentation material that is to be fragmented by gravity forces is fed into the electrode arrangement.

(77) In this fragmentation plant, a truncated-cone-shaped embodiment 8 of the isolator body 6 of the high-voltage electrode 9 underneath the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the discharging side of the electrode arrangement, forms a deflecting device, which radially towards the outside deflects the fragmentation material which is discharged from the electrode arrangement and has been fragmented to target size and guides it away by gravity forces from the electrode arrangement.

(78) FIG. 14b shows a variant of the fourth fragmentation plant according to the invention. This differs from the fragmentation plant shown in FIG. 14a in that all electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, which seen in passing-through direction S are arranged at the first axial position, inclined in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction S protrude into the passage channel 2. Thereby, the four electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, which from the central isolator body 6 protrude into the passage channel 2, form the upper end of the high-voltage electrode 9. The electrode protrusions 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 51, 5m, 5n, 5o, 5p, which seen in passing-through direction S are arranged at the second axial position, perpendicularly to the intended passing-through direction S protrude into the passage channel 2.

(79) FIG. 15 shows a sixteenth electrode arrangement according to the invention in the topview, and FIG. 15a a vertical section through a part of a fifth fragmentation plant according to the invention comprising the electrode arrangement of FIG. 15. These differ from the electrode arrangement shown in FIG. 8 and from the plant shown in FIG. 8a substantially in that the electrode protrusions 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d here are carried by a electrically conductive lens-shaped body 14, which at its lower side abuts against the isolator body 6 of the high-voltage electrode 9 and at its face side, which is pointing in a direction opposite to the intended passing-through direction S, carries an isolator cap 15. A further difference consists in that a metal ring 5 here forms a feed hopper for the passage opening 1. As in all before described fragmentation plants, also here a feeding funnel 13 is arranged above the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the entry side of the electrode arrangement, by means of which the fragmentation material that is to be fragmented, by gravity forces, can be fed to the electrode arrangement.

(80) Likewise, as in all before described fragmentation plants, also here, underneath the electrode arrangement, i.e. on the discharging side of the electrode arrangement, a deflecting device in the form of a deflecting sheet 10 is arranged, which deflects the fragmentation material which is discharged from the electrode arrangement and has been fragmented to target size towards the outside and removes it by means of gravity forces from the electrode arrangement. In the present case, this deflecting sheet 10, however, is not cone-shaped as in the before described fragmentation plants but is embodied as a substantially flat inclined surface, which is penetrated by the high-voltage electrode.

(81) While in the present application there are described preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be distinctively understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.