Apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels

Abstract

An apparatus for manufacturing tires for vehicle wheels includes devices designed to form a green tire, a vulcanization mold having holding walls defining a molding cavity, and devices for transferring the green tire into the molding cavity. The vulcanization mold includes a plurality of vent valves, at least one of which includes a duct and a closure member having a closing head that is axially movable relative to the duct. The closing head is movable between a closed position, at which the closing head forms a contact seat, and an open position, at which the closing head and inner wall confine a passage for connection with the molding cavity.

Claims

1. An apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels, comprising: devices designed to form a green tyre; at least one vulcanisation mould having holding walls defining an inner surface of a moulding cavity, said inner surface conforming in shape to the final conformation to be given to the green tyre; and devices for transferring the green tyre into the moulding cavity, said vulcanisation mould comprising a plurality of vent valves of said moulding cavity, at least one of said valves comprising: a duct having an inlet end opening onto said inner surface of said moulding cavity, and a closure member having a closing head that is axially movable relative to the duct between: a closed position, at which said closing head forms a contact seat with an inner wall of said duct, said contact seat being defined in said inlet end; and an open position at which said closing head and inner wall of said duct confine a passage for connection with said moulding cavity, said contact seat being spaced apart from said inner surface of the moulding cavity so that an embedding recess is defined between the inner surface of the moulding cavity and the closing head of the closure member in the closed position, wherein the inlet end of the duct diverges toward the moulding cavity according to a first angle, and the closing head has a tapered proximal portion having a second angle different from the first angle, and wherein the closure member comprises an intermediate portion extending in the continuation of said proximal portion of the closing head, and said intermediate portion tapers according to a third angle having a different value than said second angle.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the closing head has a peripheral edge and wherein, in the closed position, said peripheral edge forms said contact seat in a support plane offset relative to the inner surface of the moulding cavity.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said support plane is offset relative to the inner surface of the moulding cavity by an embedding distance of 0.15 mm to 0.25 mm.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the open position of said closure member, the peripheral edge of the closing head projects relative to the inner surface of the moulding cavity by a separation distance smaller than 0.15 mm.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the open position of said closure member, the peripheral edge of the closing head is offset relative to the support plane by an embedding distance that does not exceed a distance between said support plane and the inner surface of the moulding cavity.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the closing head has a convex surface facing the moulding cavity.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the closed position, a distal portion of the convex surface is flush with the inner surface of the moulding cavity.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the closed position, a distal portion of the convex surface projects relative to the inner surface of the moulding cavity.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the closed position, a distal portion of the convex surface is housed in the embedding recess.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the convex surface has a frustoconical conformation.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein a peripheral edge of the head lies in a plane which is offset relative to a distal portion of the convex surface by a predetermined distance of 0.1 mm to 0.15 mm.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contact seat is defined by a circumferential line.

13. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet end diverges following a curvilinear profile.

14. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet end diverges following a frustoconical conformation.

15. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proximal portion of the closing head tapers according to a frustoconical conformation.

16. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the proximal portion of the closing head tapers according to a curvilinear profile.

17. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least at the contact seat said first angle is 55 to 65.

18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least at the contact seat said second angle is 75 to 85.

19. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said third angle is 55 to 65.

20. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the duct is defined along a valve body mounted in an opening formed in a holding well of the mould.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) A description will be set out hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings given by way of non-limiting example, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows in diametrical section, one half of a vulcanisation mould being part of an apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels in accordance with the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a partial section showing a vent valve according to a first embodiment;

(4) FIG. 3 shows an enlarged portion of the valve in FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4 shows an enlarged portion of a vent valve made in accordance with a second embodiment; and

(6) FIG. 5 shows an enlarged portion of a vent valve made in accordance with a further embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) With reference to FIG. 1, a vulcanisation mould belonging to an apparatus for manufacturing tyres for vehicle wheels in accordance with the present invention has been generally denoted at 1.

(8) This apparatus generally comprises devices adapted to form a green tyre 2 and devices capable of transferring the green tyre 2 into a moulding cavity 3 of the vulcanisation mould 1. Said tyre-forming and transferring devices are neither shown nor further described as they can be made in any convenient manner.

(9) As shown in FIG. 1, the vulcanisation mould 1 has a pair of axially opposite cheeks 4 and a plurality of circumferential sectors 5 that, when the mould is closed, define the holding walls 6 of the moulding cavity 3. The holding walls 6 delimit an inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 the shape of which matches the final conformation to be given to the tyre. The green tyre 2, once closed in mould 1, is pressed against the holding walls 6 by a suitable device 8. Subsequently, or simultaneously with the pressing step, heat is administered to the green tyre 2 that is pressed against the holding walls 6.

(10) By effect of pressing, suitable ridges set on sectors 5 and cheeks 4 cause formation of a desired pattern on the tread band 2a of the tyre, as well as of a plurality of distinctive graphic marks on the tyre sidewalls. The administered heat causes cross-linking of the elastomeric material of which the tyre is made up. When a cycle has been completed, the finished tyre (i.e. moulded and cured) is extracted from the previously opened mould 1.

(11) Shown in FIG. 1 by way of example is a pressing device 8 comprising a bladder 9 of substantially toroidal conformation having two circumferential edges carrying respective anchoring tailpieces 9a to be sealingly engaged in mould 1. A duct 10 for feeding steam or other working fluid and formed in mould 1 opens into bladder 9 so as to enable expansion of the latter following admission of steam under pressure and to cause compression of the green tyre 2 against the cheeks 4 and sectors 5. Also operatively associated with mould 1, at the cheeks 4 and/or sectors 5, are devices designed to supply heat to the green tyre 2 to be cured, which preferably co-operate with the steam introduced into the expandable bladder 9.

(12) The vulcanisation mould 1 further comprises at least one vent valve 11 for the moulding cavity 3 which performs the function of, concurrently with the pressing step, evacuating air pockets or pockets of other fluid possibly used in the vulcanisation process, that are present between the green tyre 2 and holding walls 6.

(13) As better shown in FIG. 1, the vulcanisation mould 1 comprises a plurality of vent valves 11, preferably mounted at the regions of mould 1 close to the tyre shoulders and crown region.

(14) Referring particularly to FIG. 2, each valve 11 comprises a duct 12 having an inlet end 13 opening onto the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 and an outlet end 14 opposite to the inlet end 13 and opening outwards of mould 1, through suitable evacuation chambers 14a (shown in FIG. 1), for example. For conveying the air out of the moulding cavity 3, the evacuation chambers 14a communicate with the external environment of said cavity by means of channels not shown in FIG. 1.

(15) Duct 12 is preferably defined along a valve body 15 inserted in an opening 16 formed in the holding wall 6. The valve body 15 is mounted flush with the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 in such a manner that an edge 15a of the valve body 15 close to the inlet end 13 is substantially coplanar with said inner surface 7.

(16) Valve 11 further comprises a closure member 17 provided with a closing head 18 axially movable relative to duct 12. The closing head 18 is rigidly connected to a stem 19 which is axially and slidably inserted in duct 12. Stem 19 brings the closing head 18 close to a first end 19a positioned in the vicinity of the inlet end 13 of duct 12. A second end 19b of stem 19, opposite to the first end 19a and placed close to the outlet end 14 of duct 12, carries a retainer 20 disposed externally of the duct itself. The function of retainer 20 is to prevent the closure member 17 from slipping off the duct 12 towards the moulding cavity 3. Preferably, the retainer 20 is obtained through squashing of the second end 19b of stem 19, so as to form a swelling of said end that is sufficient not to allow passage of the latter through the outlet end 14 of duct 12.

(17) The closure member 17 is movable between a closed position and an open position. In the closed position (shown in FIG. 2 in solid line), the closing head 18 forms a contact seat with an inner wall 21 of duct 12, said seat being defined at the inlet end 13, while retainer 20 keeps spaced apart from the outlet end 14. In the open position (represented in FIG. 2 in chain line), the closing head 18 and the inner wall 21 of duct 12 are mutually spaced apart and confine a passage 23 for connection with the moulding cavity 3. In this configuration, the retainer 20 lies in contact with the outlet end 14.

(18) A helical spring 24 is disposed around stem 19 and is interposed between the closing head 18 and an abutment surface 25 formed at the inside of duct 12, preferably close to the outlet end 14. Spring 24 pushes the closing head 18 to the open position, while the retainer 20 holds the closure member 17 in duct 12.

(19) Before the pressing step and during the starting moments of this step, the green tyre 2 does not fully adhere to the holding walls 6 of the vulcanisation mould 1 and keeps at least partly separated therefrom. Under this situation, the vent valves 11 are maintained open by effect of springs 24. Compression of the green tyre during the moulding step (for example by means of the pressing device 8) and consequent approaching of the green tyre 2 towards the holding walls 6 causes evacuation through the open valves 11, of the air (or other fluid) present between the holding walls 6 of the moulding cavity 3 and the outer surface of the green tyre 2. Said air is transferred from the moulding cavity 3 to duct 12 through the connecting passage 23 and therefrom into the evacuation chambers 14a. During the pressing step the green tyre 2 is brought into contact with the closing head 18 of the vent valve 11, pushing the closure member 17 into duct 12 and causing closure of valve 11, against the action of spring 24, so as to obstruct the connecting passage 23.

(20) Advantageously, the closing head 18 and the inlet end 13 of duct 12 are such shaped that, in the closed position (identified with a solid line in FIG. 3), the contact seat 22 is spaced apart from the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3, so that an embedding recess 26 is defined between the inner surface 7 and the closing head 18 of the closure member 17. In other words, in the closed position, the closing head 18 keeps at least partly embedded in the inner surface 7.

(21) To this aim, in the preferred embodiments shown in FIGS. 2-5, the closing head 18 has a peripheral edge 27 that, when valve 11 is in the closed position, rests against the wall 21 of duct 12 so as to delimit the contact seat 22. The contact seat 22 lies in a support plane 28 that is offset relative to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 by an embedding distance d.sub.1. Preferably, this embedding distance d.sub.1 is included between 0.15 mm and 0.25 mm. As clearly shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the bottom surface of the embedding recess 26 is made up of the closing head 18 and a surface portion of the inner wall 21 of duct 12 included between the closing head 18 and the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3.

(22) In order to obtain the embedding recess 26 when valve 11 is in the closed position, the inlet end 13 of duct diverges towards the moulding cavity 3 and opens onto the inner surface 7 at an opening 29 the transverse sizes of which are greater than the peripheral edge 27 of the closing head 18. In the embodiments shown, the peripheral edge 27 and opening 29 of duct 12 are of circular shape (in cross section) and the diameter of the edge 27 is smaller than that of the opening 29.

(23) Advantageously, the closing head 18 has a proximal portion 30 designed to engage into the inlet end 13 and on top of which there is a convex surface 31 facing the moulding cavity 3.

(24) The diverging inlet end 13 has a first angle .sub.1 defined by the summit angle of the cone tangent to the inner wall 21 of duct 12. The proximal portion 30 tapers towards stem 19 and has a second angle .sub.2 defined by the summit angle of the cone tangent to the proximal portion itself. The first and second angles .sub.1, .sub.2 have different widths from each other. In particular, at least at the contact seat 22 (i.e. in the closed position of valve 11), the first angle .sub.1 is advantageously smaller than the second angle .sub.2 in such a manner that the contact seat 22 is substantially defined (in the corresponding cross section) by a circumferential line. The mutual contact between the closing head 18 and the contact seat 22 following a circumferential line enables the possible occurrence of gluing phenomena to be avoided or at least greatly limited, between the closing head and inner wall of the duct, due to formation of important thicknesses of cured blend.

(25) Preferably, at least at the contact seat 22, the first angle .sub.1 has a value included between 55 and 65.

(26) Preferably, at least at the contact seat 22, the second angle .sub.2 has a value included between 75 and 85.

(27) As pointed out in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the inlet end 13 of duct 12 has a frustoconical conformation (in the corresponding cross section). The proximal portion 30 too of the closing head 18 has a frustoconical conformation, the major base of which is delimited by the peripheral edge 27. Preferably, the summit angle .sub.1 of the cone to which the frustum of cone of the inlet end 13 belongs is smaller than the summit angle .sub.2 of the cone to which the frustum of cone of the proximal portion 30 belongs. Preferably, the diameter of stem 19 is smaller than the diameter of the minor base of the proximal portion 30, and an annular surface on which an end of the helical spring 24 rests is defined between stem 19 and said proximal portion 30.

(28) Shown in FIG. 4 is a further embodiment, different from the one seen in FIG. 3. In detail, the alternative embodiment in FIG. 4 differs from the valve in FIG. 3 because the inlet end 13 diverges according to a curvilinear profile and opens in a flaring shape towards the moulding cavity 3. In this configuration, at the circumferential contact seat 22, the summit angle .sub.1 of the cone tangent to duct 12 is smaller than the summit angle .sub.2 of the cone to which the frustum of cone of the proximal portion 30 belongs.

(29) Shown in FIG. 5 is a further embodiment different from that shown in FIG. 4. In detail, the alternative embodiment in FIG. 5 shows the inlet end 13 with a curvilinear profile as that in FIG. 4 and the closure member 17 comprises an intermediate portion 33 extending in the continuation of the proximal portion 30. The intermediate portion 33 tapers towards stem 19 following a third angle .sub.3 of a value smaller than the second angle .sub.2. Preferably, the third angle .sub.3 has a value included between 55 and 65. Adoption of a summit angle .sub.3 of a particularly reduced value enables displacement of the head 18 from the inner wall 21 of duct 12 to be limited, the lift of the closing head 18 of valve 11 being the same, and as a result, enables the closure member 17 to be guided within duct 12 in a more careful manner, so that misalignments of important amount of the closure member relative to the duct are avoided. In other words, the intermediate portion 33 disposed in the extension of the proximal portion 30 gives the closure member 17 such a guide action that said member is not submitted to too marked inclinations and the smooth sliding of the latter in duct 12 is improved.

(30) Alternatively, according to further variant embodiments not shown, the proximal portion 30 of the closing head 18 and possibly also the intermediate portion 33, if present, can have a tapered configuration of curvilinear profile.

(31) In addition, still within the scope of the present invention, it is possible to provide coupling of a closing head 18 with double taper, as shown in FIG. 5, with an inlet end 13 having a frusto-conical conformation, as shown in FIG. 3.

(32) Alternatively, coupling of a closing head 18 of a curvilinear profile with an inlet end 13 of a curvilinear profile can be provided, as shown in FIG. 4.

(33) The convex surface 31 of the closing head 18 facing the moulding cavity 3 is preferably of a frusto-conical conformation and tapers towards the moulding cavity 3, as shown in FIGS. 2-5.

(34) Alternatively, the convex surface 31 of the closing head 18 has the shape of a spherical cap.

(35) In the preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 2-5, the frustum of cone of the convex surface 31 has a major base coupled with the major base of the proximal portion 30 of the closing head 18 and delimited by the same peripheral edge 27 of the closing head. The minor base of the convex surface 31 identifies a distal or top portion 34 lying spaced apart from the plane containing the peripheral edge 27 of the closing head 18 by a predetermined distance d.sub.2. Preferably, this distance d.sub.2 is included between 0.1 mm and 0.15 mm. Due to the inclination of the convex surface 31 relative to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3, the side thrust exerted by the blend moving along a direction tangential to the mould surface (i.e. to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3) advantageously generates a component of force on the closing head 18 which is directed to duct 12 and therefore tends to close valve 11.

(36) In accordance with the illustrated features, in the closed position the distal portion 34 of the convex surface 31 is housed in the embedding recess 26. The minor base of the frustum of cone delimiting the convex surface 31 (i.e. the distal portion 34) is therefore offset relative to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 towards duct 12.

(37) Alternatively, in the closed position, the distal portion 34 is flush with the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 (this embodiment being not shown in the drawings).

(38) As an alternative, in the closed position, the distal portion 34 projects relative to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 towards the cavity itself, said projection being of a reduced amount (this embodiment being not shown in the drawings).

(39) In both the above situations, the embedding recess 26 takes the shape of an annular recess.

(40) In accordance with the present invention, the lift of valve 11 is of such a nature that, in the open position of the closure member 17, the peripheral edge 27 of the closing head 18 projects relative to the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3 by a greatly reduced separation distance d.sub.3 as compared with the solutions of the known art. Preferably, this separation distance d.sub.3 is smaller than 0.15 mm. In this position, the peripheral edge 27 of the closing head 18 is offset relative to the support plane 28 by a distance d.sub.4 greater than the distance between the support plane 28 and the inner surface 7 of the moulding cavity 3, i.e. greater than the embedding distance d.sub.1.

(41) Alternatively and in accordance with an embodiment not shown, in the open position of the closure member 17, the distance d.sub.4 between the peripheral edge 27 and the support plane 28 does not exceed the embedding distance d.sub.1. In this case the peripheral edge 27 keeps within duct 12 (and therefore in the embedding recess 26) even when valve 11 is in the open position.

(42) As above described, coupling between the valve seat and the head of the closure member of said valve is such obtained that, in the closed position, the head of the closure member keeps at least partly embedded in the mould wall. This expedient enables projection of the valve head towards the inside of the moulding cavity to be greatly limited, the valve lift being the same, when the valve is in the open position. In this way the invention, without impairing venting of the air from the moulding cavity, enables elimination of, or great reduction in, the amount of seepage of the blend reaching the head through a tangential movement relative to the surface of the mould. In this manner therefore, both the risk of stoppage of the valve and formation of surface faults on the finished products, such as the above mentioned thread-like outgrowths, is minimised.

(43) In addition, the reduced projection of the closing head of the valve relative to the inner surface of the moulding cavity enables the thrust exerted by the blend tangentially reaching the closing head and tending to move the head away from the valve seat to be eliminated or in any case to be greatly limited.

(44) Finally, the blend reaching the convex surface of the valve head by moving tangentially of the inner surface of the moulding cavity produces a thrust component intended to close the valve. This thrust is to be added to the thrust exerted by the blend approaching the closing head in a direction perpendicular to the inner wall of the moulding cavity and facilitates timely closure of the vent valve, compensating for the tangential thrust exerted by the blend on the lower tapered portion of the closing head.