Spring for a motor vehicle

Abstract

A spring made of a fiber composite includes a metal thread which is connected to the spring and has an electrical resistance which changes in dependence on a deformation of the spring. The metal thread can be integrated inside the spring or may also be arranged on an outer side of the spring.

Claims

1. A spring for a motor vehicle, comprising a fiber composite matrix extending in a direction of elongation, and a metal thread having an electrical resistance which changes in dependence on a deformation of the spring, wherein the metal thread is encased inside the fiber composite matrix, extends uninterruptedly inside the fiber composite matrix in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix along said direction over its whole length and has opposite ends guided from inside of the fiber composite matrix outwards of both opposite ends of the fiber composite matrix to measure the electrical resistance of the metal thread continuously over the whole length of the spring.

2. The spring of claim 1, constructed as a load-bearing spring.

3. The spring of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of said metal thread configured to enable separate determination of their change in resistance.

4. The spring of claim 1, wherein the fiber composite is composed of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) or CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic).

5. The spring of claim 1, constructed in the form of a helical spring, spiral spring, leaf spring, disk spring, or torsion bar spring.

6. The spring of claim 1, wherein the metal thread is embedded immovably in the fiber composite matrix so as to track a slightest spring movement or change in geometry of the spring.

7. The spring of claim 1, wherein the fiber composite matrix has an inner core, and the metal thread is wound helically about the inner core.

8. The spring of claim 1, wherein the fiber composite matrix has an inner core extending in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix, and the metal thread extends along the inner core in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix.

9. A motor vehicle, comprising: a vehicle wheel; a damping device having a spring made of a fiber composite matrix extending in a direction of elongation and a metal thread having an electrical resistance which changes in dependence on a deformation of the spring, wherein said metal thread is encased inside the fiber composite matrix, extends uninterruptedly inside the fiber composite matrix in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix along said direction over its whole length and has opposite ends guided from inside of the fiber composite matrix outwards of both opposite ends of the fiber composite matrix to measure the electrical resistance of the metal thread continuously over the whole length of the spring.

10. The motor vehicle of claim 9, wherein the fiber composite is composed of GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) or CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastic).

11. The motor vehicle of claim 9, wherein the spring is a helical spring, spiral spring, leaf spring, disk spring, or torsion bar spring.

12. The motor vehicle of claim 9, constructed as a load-bearing spring.

13. The motor vehicle of claim 9, further comprising a plurality of said metal threads extending in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix along said direction and configured to enable separate determination of their change of resistance.

14. The motor vehicle of claim 9, wherein the metal thread is embedded immovably in the fiber composite matrix so as to track a slightest spring movement or change in geometry of the spring.

15. The motor vehicle of claim 9, wherein the fiber composite matrix has an inner core, and the metal thread is wound helically about the inner core.

16. The motor vehicle of claim 9, wherein the fiber composite matrix has an inner core extending in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix, and the metal thread extends along the inner core in the direction of elongation of the fiber composite matrix.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) Other features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily apparent upon reading the following description of currently preferred exemplified embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a basic illustration of a spring according to the present invention in the form of a helical spring useful as load-bearing spring for a motor vehicle;

(3) FIG. 2 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a spring with metal thread;

(4) FIG. 3 is a sectional view of another embodiment of a spring with metal thread; and

(5) FIG. 4 is a simplified, schematic illustration of a motor vehicle according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(6) Throughout all the figures, same or corresponding elements may generally be indicated by same reference numerals. These depicted embodiments are to be understood as illustrative of the invention and not as limiting in any way. It should also be understood that the figures are not necessarily to scale and that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols, phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. In certain instances, details which are not necessary for an understanding of the present invention or which render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted.

(7) Turning now to the drawing, and in particular to FIG. 1, there is shown a basic illustration of a spring according to the present invention, generally designated by reference numeral 1 and configured in the form of a helical spring useful as load-bearing spring for a motor vehicle. The spring 1 is made of fiber composite. By way of example, FIGS. 2 and 3 show two embodiments of the spring 1 of fiber composite, comprised of a cured matrix 2 which is made of resin or the like, in which a plurality of individual threads 3, for example glass fibers or carbon fibers, are dispersed. Even though FIGS. 2 and 3 show a random arrangement of the fibers 3, it is, of course, also conceivable, to integrate the fibers in the form of a woven or non-woven fabric, i.e. with aligned fibers. FIGS. 2 and 3 thus show merely basic illustrations by way of example.

(8) As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the spring 1 has an inner core 4 which is made, for example, of elastic material. The provision of such a core 4 is, however, not necessarily required. Arranged about the core 4 is the resin matrix 2 and the fibers 3 to stiffen the entire spring 1 and to predominantly define the spring characteristics.

(9) As shown in FIGS. 1-3, a metal thread 5 is integrated in the spring 1 and, as shown in FIG. 1, is guided outwards at the ends of the spring 1 and connected at respective contact points to a control device 10 via a line connection. The metal thread 5 is made of a material which has a greatest possible change in resistance in response to a change in geometry of the metal thread 5, caused by a change in geometry of the spring 1. The metal thread 5 is embedded firmly and immobile in the resin matrix 2 so as to precisely track even a slightest spring movement or change in geometry of the spring 1. As a result, the metal thread 5 is also caused to undergo a geometric change. This, in turn, results in a change of the electric resistance of the metal thread 5. The change of the electric resistance may hereby be slight. The control device 10 measures the electric resistance by applying a small measuring current so that the measured resistance value can be used to determine the momentary force which correlates to the change in geometry of the spring and thus to the change in resistance. Knowledge of this force value can then be used for control or regulation of subsystems, as will be described with reference to FIG. 4.

(10) As shown in FIG. 2, the metal thread 5 is integrated in the spring 1 to run virtually longitudinally along and in parallel relation to the inner core 4. The metal thread 5 thus extends along the length of the spring 1, i.e. the length of the metal thread 5 roughly corresponds to the length of the spring 1. Such a course of the metal thread 5 can, for example, be building up the matrix 2 and the fibers 3 for example via resin-impregnated fiber fabrics and winding thereof about the core 4. The metal thread 5 can be placed between two such layers. Subsequently, the longitudinal winding is transformed into the desired spring shape and the matrix 2 is cured.

(11) FIG. 3 shows an example in which the metal thread 5 is wound helically about the inner core 4, i.e. the metal thread 5 winds like a double helix about the core 4 but also about the central spring axis according to the helical shape of the spring 1. The dotted line indicates a winding of the metal thread 5 about the core 4. Such a guidance of the metal thread 5 becomes possible for example by winding the matrix 2 including the fibers 3 about the inner core 4 via rotating fiber drums from which the fibers are payed out. The metal thread 5 can be fed via such a drum so as to incorporate a multilayered wound fiber structure.

(12) Any curable matrix may be used as matrix 2, advantageously on polymer basis such as, for example, epoxy resin or the like. Any metal thread that changes its resistance geometry-dependent in a defined manner may be used as metal thread 5.

(13) Referring now to FIG. 4, there is shown a simplified, schematic illustration of a motor vehicle according to the present invention, generally designated by reference numeral 6. The motor vehicle 6 has four wheels 7 of which only two are shown in FIG. 4. Each wheel 7 is operably connected to a damping device 8 which includes a shock absorber 9 and a spring 1 according to the present invention. Each spring 1 has at least one metal thread 5. Each metal thread 5 is connected via respective lines with the control device 10 which is capable to ascertain the electric resistance of each individual metal thread 5. As shown by the basic illustration of FIG. 4, the control device 10 stores one or more characteristic curves 11 which indicate the resistance profile and the associated force applied on the respective spring 1. The respective characteristic curve forms the basis from which the actual force values such as spring force or wheel contact force can be computed, as will be described hereinafter. These force values can be fed to the control or regulation of further associated driver assist systems 12 (e.g. ESP system), 13 (e.g. ABS system), or 14 (e.g. automatic damping control).

(14) As further shown in FIG. 4, the motor vehicle 6 is equipped with a temperature sensor 15 which provides information about the ambient or room temperature in the area of the springs 1, i.e. measures ultimately the outside temperature. Several temperature-specific characteristic diagrams can be stored in the control device 10 and are associated to defined temperatures or defined temperature intervals. On the basis of determined actual ambient temperature, the control device 10 selects the associated characteristic curve which then forms the basis for the subsequent control.

(15) Even though FIGS. 1-3 show springs having a single metal thread 5, it is, of course, conceivable to provide the spring 1 with two or more separate metal threads 5. Each individual metal thread 5 thus changes its resistance as the spring undergoes a change in geometry. The control device 10 is able to determine the change in resistance of each of the metal threads 5. The individual resistance values may be analyzed for plausibility purposes or may be averaged.

(16) As described above with reference to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, the respective force values are determined on the basis of characteristic curves. This represents only one option. It is also conceivable to determine the force values through computation according to the following relationship:

(17) $R=\frac{1}{A}=\frac{4.Math.1}{D^2.Math.}$
wherein: : specific resistance l: is wire length A: cross sectional area D: diameter of wire

(18) The change in resistance at stress is generally:

(19) $R=\frac{R}{}.Math.+\frac{R}{1}.Math.1+\frac{R}{d}.Math.d$

(20) Through differentiation and transformation, the relative change in resistance can be computed by the following relationship:

(21) $\frac{R}{R}=\frac{}{}+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{2.Math.d}{d}$

(22) The relative change in resistance is dependent on the length and transverse elongation:

(23) $\mathrm{.Math.}=\frac{1}{1}$$\mathrm{and}$${\mathrm{.Math.}}_{}=\frac{d}{d}=-.Math.\mathrm{.Math.}.$

(24) As a result, it follows:

(25) $\frac{R}{R}=k.Math.\frac{1}{1}=k.Math.\mathrm{.Math.}$
wherein represents the so-called k-factor:

(26) $k=\frac{}{.Math.\mathrm{.Math.}}+1+2.Math.$
wherein: : relative change in length .sub.: relative change in cross section : transverse strain k: k factor.

(27) The spring force is determined for a helical spring with metal thread 5 in the outermost layer according to the relationship:

(28) $F=\frac{d^3.Math.\mathrm{.Math.}.Math.G}{8\mathrm{Dm}}$
wherein: F: force D: diameter of the thread : elongation G: shear modulus D.sub.m: mean diameter of the helical spring cylinder.

(29) While the invention has been illustrated and described in connection with currently preferred embodiments shown and described in detail, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and practical application to thereby enable a person skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.