GAS SEPARATION BY VAPORIZED COMPOUND

Abstract

An improved process for deacidizing a gaseous mixture with reduced overall energy costs is described. The process involves contacting the gaseous mixture with at least one of a vaporizing compound, a vaporized compound, a vaporizing solution of compound and a vaporized solution of compound, and forming a liquid or solid reaction product that can be easily separated from the gaseous mixture.

Claims

1. A method for deacidizing a gas stream comprising one or more acid gases, comprising: mixing a compound with the gas stream, wherein the compound reacts with the one or more acid gases in the gas stream to form a reaction product in a gas phase; causing the reaction product to precipitate from the gas phase in a form of a liquid or a solid; and collecting the liquid or the solid reaction product.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising processing the liquid or the solid reaction product to release the compound from the reaction product.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising mixing the released compound with the gas stream.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more acid gases are selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2), sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3), hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S), carbon oxysulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2), mercaptans (RSH), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO.sub.2), fluorides, HCl, and HF.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the compound comprises an amine selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethanolamines, isopropanolamines, ethyleneamines, alkyl alkanolamines, methyldiethanolamine, piperidine, piperazine, dibutylamine, diisopropylamine, and a mixture thereof.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising vaporizing the compound.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the compound in an organic solution or an aqueous solution.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the compound is a substantially pure amine.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of vaporizing the compound is accomplished by heating, microwaving, lowering a pressure thereof, or spraying.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein the aqueous solution or the organic solution comprises one or more basic compounds.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the basic compound is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or an amino acid salt.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the precipitation of the reaction product is effectuated by cooling or by increasing a pressure of the gas stream.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the compound precipitates from the gas phase.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the gaseous stream and the compound are mixed at a first temperature under a first pressure, and the reaction product precipitates from the gas phase at a second temperature under a second pressure, wherein the first temperature is higher than the second temperature.

15. A system for deacidizing a gas mixture comprising one or more acid gases, comprising: a first zone at a first temperature and a first pressure; a second zone at a second temperature and a second pressure; and a conduit connecting the first zone and the second zone, wherein the first zone contains the gas mixture with or without a compound for reacting with an acid gas, and the second zone contains the gas mixture, the compound, and a reaction product between the one or more acid gases with the compound, and wherein the reaction product is liquefied or solidified.

16. The system of claim 15, further comprising a regeneration unit wherein the reaction product is treated to release the compound and the one or more acid gases.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the treatment of the reaction product is selected from the group consisting of thermal decomposition, gas stripping, steam stripping, distillation, through a membrane contractor, pervaporization, pressure differential treatment, microwave, electric wave, and magnetic wave.

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the first temperature is higher than the second temperature or the first pressure is higher than the second pressure.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, ethanolamines, isopropanolamines, ethyleneamines, alkyl alkanolamines, methyldiethanolamine, piperidine, piperazine, dibutylamine, diisopropylamine, and a combination thereof.

20. The system of claim 16, wherein the one or more acid gases are selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2), sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3), hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S), carbon oxysulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2), mercaptans (RSH), nitric oxide (NO), nitric dioxide (NO.sub.2), fluorides, HCl, and HF.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

Process I

[0032] A gas mixture contacts and mixes with a vaporized and/or vaporizing a compound or solution of compound, such as an amine from a pure amine or an amine solution, in a high temperature zone (Section I). The gas stream containing the gas mixture and the vaporized and/or vaporizing amine then flows into a lower temperature zone (Section II) where the reaction products of the amine and one or more acid gases, such as CO2, in the gas mixture are separated out from the gas stream by condensation and/or solidification. The liquid and/or solid form of the reaction products are separated by conventional means in view of the present disclosure. The remaining gas mixture is thus deacidized. The reaction products of amine and CO.sub.2, in the form of liquid and/or solid, can be regenerated using methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure.

[0033] Alternatively, after the mixing and contacting, the gas stream containing the gas mixture and the vaporized and/or vaporizing amine remains in the same chamber, but the temperature of the chamber is lowered to allow the reaction products to separate out from the gas stream by condensation and/or solidification.

EXAMPLE 2A

Process IIA

[0034] A gas mixture contacts and mixes with a compound or solution of compound, such as an amine from a pure amine or an amine solution, in a pressurized chamber. The mixture of the gas and a pure amine or an amine solution is then injected into a second chamber having a lower pressure. The sudden reduction in the pressure vaporizes the amine, and decreases the temperature of the mixture of the gas and amine, and the reaction products of the amine and one or more acid gases, such as CO2, in the gas mixture, are then separated out from the gas stream by condensation and/or solidification. The liquid and/or solid form of the reaction products are separated by conventional means in view of the present disclosure. The remaining gas mixture is thus deacidized. The reaction products of amine and CO.sub.2, in the form of liquid and/or solid, can be regenerated using methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure.

[0035] The lower pressure chamber can be a simple empty container, such as a container with cooling system. It can also be a cyclone, a cyclone with a cooling system, and/or any other device known to those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure.

[0036] Alternatively, after the mixing and contacting, the mixture of the gas and absorbent remains in the same chamber, but the pressure of the chamber is lowered to allow the reaction products to separate out from the gas stream by condensation and/or solidification.

EXAMPLE 2B

Process IIB

[0037] A gas mixture from a pressurized chamber is injected into a second chamber having a lower pressure. At an area near the injection nozzle, which can be in the pressurized chamber or the lower pressure chamber, the gas mixture contacts and mixes with a compound or solution of compound, such as, an amine or amine solution, and vaporizes the amine or amine solution. The sudden reduction in the pressure decreases the temperature of the mixture of the gas and amine, and the reaction products of the amine and one or more acid gases, such as CO2, in the gas mixture, are then separated out from the gas stream by condensation and/or solidification. The liquid and/or solid form of the reaction products are separated by conventional means in view of the present disclosure. The remaining gas mixture is thus deacidized. The reaction products of amine and CO.sub.2, in the form of liquid and/or solid, can be regenerated using methods known in the art in view of the present disclosure.

[0038] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concept thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.