ENHANCER COMPOSITIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

The present invention provides an agricultural chemical enhancer composition comprising a mixture of (a) a fermentation product of one or more of red beans, peas, yellow corn, white corn, white rice, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, starch from vegetables sources, inorganic minerals, non-iodized sea salt, urea or another equivalent nitrogen source, biodynamic water and an inoculum selected from the group consisting of bacillus microorgasnisms or spores and yeast; and (b) an essential oil such as banana oil, cinnamon oil, coconut oil, vanilla oil and mixtures thereof; and urea or another equivalent nitrogen source and an extract of a plant material selected from the group consisting of marranero fern foliage (Pteridium aquilinum), cola de caballo (horsetail fern) leaves (esquisetum arvense), powdered cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), garlic cloves (allium sativum), tabasco pepper fruits (capsicum frutescens), pasto kikuyo seeds (pennisetum clandestinum) and mixtures thereof. The enhancer of the invention is combined with agrochemicals to augment their activity.

Claims

1. An agricultural chemical enhancer composition comprising a mixture of: (a) a fermentation product of one or more of red beans, peas, yellow corn, white corn, white rice, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, starch from vegetables sources, inorganic minerals, non-iodized sea salt, urea or another equivalent nitrogen source, biodynamic water and an inoculum selected from the group consisting of bacillus microorgasnisms or spores and yeast; and (b) an essential oil selected from the group consisting of banana oil, cinnamon oil, coconut oil, vanilla oil and mixtures thereof; and urea or another equivalent nitrogen source.

2. The agricultural chemical enhancer of claim 1, further including an extract of a plant material selected from the group consisting of marranero fern foliage (Pteridium aquilinum), cola de caballo (horsetail fern) leaves (esquisetum arvense), powdered cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), garlic cloves (allium sativum), tabasco pepper fruits (capsicum frutescens), pasto kikuyo seeds (pennisetum clandestinum) and mixtures thereof.

3. A herbicide composition comprising: (a) 1-99% by weight the enhancer of claim 2; and (b) 1-99% by weight of a herbicide selected from one or more of: Alachlor, Atrazine, Bentazon, Bialaphos, Butachlor, Butylate, Chlorimuron ethyl, Chlorsul furon, Cinmethylin, Clomazone, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Dicamba 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), EPTC, Ethephon, Fenoxaprop, Fluazifop-butyl, Fomesafen, Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Haloxyfop, Hoelon, Imazapyr Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Linuron, Mefluidide, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Metsulfuron, Molinate, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxyfluorfen, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Picloram, Propachlor, Propanil, Pyridate, Sethoxydim, Simazine, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate, Sulfometuron, Sulfosate and Trifluralin and mixtures thereof.

4. A insecticidal composition comprising: (a) 1 to 99% by weight the enhancer of claim 2; and (b) 1 to 99% by weight of an insecticide selected from one or more of: abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, aluminium phosphide, amitraz, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, borax, buprofezin, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, cadusafos, calcium cyanide, calcium polysulfide, carbaryl, chlorantraniliprole, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chloropicrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, coumaphos, cryolite, cyanophos, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyromazine, dazomet, deltamethrin, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dinotefuran, disulfoton, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, empenthrin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethoprophos, ethylene dibromide, etofenprox, etoxazole, famphur, fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flumethrin, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, fosthiazate, furathiocarb, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptachlor, heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, hydroprene, imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, lithium perfluoro-octane sulfonate, lufenuron, magnesium phosphide, malathion, mecarbam, mercurous chloride, metaflumizone, metam, metam-sodium, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, methyl isothiocyanate, metolcarb, mevinphos, milbemectin, monocrotophos, naled, naphthalenic compounds, nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, permethrin, petroleum oils, phenothrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphine, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl, prallethrin, profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, propoxur, prothiofos, pymetrozine, pyraclofos, pyrethrins, pyridalyl, pyridaben, pyridaphenthion, pyrimidifen, pyriproxyfen, quinalphos, resmethrin, rotenone, sabadilla, silafluofen, sodium cyanide, sodium pentachloro-phenoxide, spinetoram, spinosad, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprofos, tau-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebupirimfos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, theta-cypermethrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiometon, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triazamate, triazophos, trichlorfon, triblumuron, trimethacarb, vamidothion, xylylcarb, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc phosphide, beet juice, D-limonene, cedarwood oil, castor oil, cedar oil, cinnamon oil, citric acid, citronella oil, clove oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lauryl sulfate, lemon grass oil, linseed oil, malic acid, mint oil, peppermint oil, 2-phenethyl propionate (2-phenylethyl propionate), potassium sorbate, rosemary oil, sesame oil, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, soybean oil, and thyme oil and mixtures thereof.

5. A germicidal composition comprising: (a) 1-99% by weight the enhancer of claim 2; and (b) 1-99% by weight of a germicide selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin, Mancozeb, Tricyclazole, Carbendazim, Hexaconazole, Metalaxyl, Benomyl, Difenoconazole, Propiconazole, Kitazin, Tebuconazole, Copper oxychloride, Copper hydroxide, Tridemorph, Propineb, Hexachlorophene, Dichlorophen, Bronopol, Copper Hydroxide, Cresol, Dipyrithione, Dodicin, Fenaminosulf, Formaldehyde, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate, Kasugamycin, Nitrapyrin, Octhilinone, Oxytetracycline, Probenazole, Streptomycin, Tecloftalam and Thiomersal and mixtures thereof.

6. A method for controlling weeds which comprises applying to said weeds an amount effective to inhibit weed growth or to kill weeds of a chemical agent and a fermentation product produced by facultative fermentation, said chemical agent, in the presence of said facultative fermentation product, being effective to inhibit the growth or to kill at least one weed species, and said facultative fermentation product being effective to enhance the activity of said chemical agent, said chemical agent and said facultative fermentation product being applied in amounts wherein killing of said weeds or the inhibition of the growth of said weeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of said chemical agent or said facultative fermentation product applied alone.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein said chemical agent is a herbicide.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein said facultative fermentation product is further processed to make a processed facultative fermentation product.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein said chemical agent and said facultative fermentation product are applied to said weeds simultaneously.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein said facultative fermentation product is a mixture of (a) a fermentation product of one or more of red beans, peas, yellow corn, white corn, white rice, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, starch from vegetables sources, inorganic minerals, non-iodized sea salt, urea or another equivalent nitrogen source, biodynamic water and an inoculum selected from the group consisting of bacillus microorgasnisms or spores and yeast; (b) an essential oil selected from the group consisting of banana oil, cinnamon oil, coconut oil, vanilla oil and mixtures thereof; and urea or another equivalent nitrogen source; and (c) an extract of a plant material selected from the group consisting of marranero fern foliage (Pteridium aquilinum), cola de caballo (horsetail fern) leaves (esquisetum arvense), powdered cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), garlic cloves (allium sativum), tabasco pepper fruits (capsicum frutescens), pasto kikuyo seeds (pennisetum clandestinum) and mixtures thereof.

11. A herbicidal composition comprising a chemical herbicide in combination with a facultative fermentation product which enhances the activity of said chemical herbicide, said facultative fermentation product being present in said composition in amount sufficient to enhance the herbicidal activity of said chemical herbicide against at least one weed species.

12. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said composition contains said herbicide.

13. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said facultative fermentation product is product is a mixture of: (a) a fermentation product of one or more of red beans, peas, yellow corn, white corn, white rice, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, starch from vegetables sources, inorganic minerals, non-iodized sea salt, urea or another equivalent nitrogen source, biodynamic water and an inoculum selected from the group consisting of bacillus microorgasnisms or spores and yeast; (b) an essential oil selected from the group consisting of banana oil, cinnamon oil, coconut oil, vanilla oil and mixtures thereof; and urea or another equivalent nitrogen source; and (c) an extract of a plant material selected from the group consisting of marranero fern foliage (Pteridium aquilinum).

14. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said herbicide is sulfosate.

15. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said herbicide is glyphosate.

16. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said herbicide is glufosinate.

17. A composition as claimed in claim 11 wherein said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of fluazifop, sethoxydim, imazapyr, chlorimuron, dicamba, bentazon, fomesafen, and imazethapyr.

18. A method for controlling weeds which comprises applying to the seeds of said weeds an amount effective to prevent or inhibit weed growth of a chemical agent and a facultative fermentation product, said chemical agent, in the presence of said facultative fermentation product, being effective to kill or inhibit the growth of weeds from said seeds of at least one weeds species, and said facultative fermentation product being effective to enhance the activity of said chemical agent, such chemical agent and facultative fermentation product being applied in amounts wherein killing of said seeds or the inhibition of the growth of said weeds from said seeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of said chemical agent or said facultative fermentation product applied alone.

19. An agricultural composition comprising: (a) 1-99% by weight the enhancer of claim 2; and (b) 1-99% by weight of an agricultural chemical.

20. The agricultural composition of claim 19, wherein said agricultural chemical is selected from the group consisting of: insecticide, fungicide, acaricide, nematocide, miticide, rodenticide, bactericide, molluscicide and bird repellant and mixtures thereof.

21. A chemical composition comprising an chemical in combination with a facultative fermentation product which enhances the activity of said agricultural chemical, said facultative fermentation product being present in said composition in amounts sufficient to enhance the activity of said agricultural chemical.

22. The chemical composition of claim 21, wherein said chemical is an agricultural chemical.

23. The chemical composition of claim 21, wherein said chemical is an industrial chemical.

24. The chemical composition of claim 21, wherein said chemical is a medicinal chemical.

25. The chemical composition of claim 21, wherein said chemical is a household chemical.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0098] FIG. 1 shows the events related to secondary metabolites which are induced during the defense response of plants.

[0099] FIG. 2 describes the different events that happen when a herbicide is applied to a plant.

[0100] FIG. 3 illustrates how the Enhanced Proficiency Activators of the invention appear to exert their effect.

[0101] FIG. 4 features the link of EPAC-H to Herbicide.

[0102] FIG. 5 shows how an EPAC-H/herbicide complex is absorbed by the plant through natural processes of transport of substances (active and passive transport).

[0103] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of how EPAC-H (enhancer or synergist) inhibits the enzyme system detoxification of plants and overcomes the defense system of plants, enhancing herbicide phytotoxicity quickly in contrast to the effect of other performing products which act as herbicide antidotes stimulating degradation.

[0104] FIG. 7 illustrates the chemical structure of glyphosate.

[0105] FIG. 8 describes how enzyme inhibition occurs when glyphosate is applied to plants.

[0106] FIG. 9 shows the chemical structre of the herbicide bispyribac.

[0107] FIG. 10 is a photograph of the results obtained from a trial with EPAC-H as an enhancer of Glyphosate (Fossel 480 SL) in a rice crop in the municipality of Tolima, Colombia (A. and C. Pretreatment plots, B. and D. plots after treatment with 480 SL Fossel enhanced with EPAC-H).

[0108] FIG. 11 features the results of the field evaluation conducted in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia using 50% Glyphosate+10% EPAC-H.

[0109] FIG. 12 illustrates the results of the evaluation of effectiveness of EPAC-H as bispyribac enhancer 400 SC for control of weeds in corn.

[0110] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of how an insecticide exerts its effect.

[0111] FIG. 14 shows the different components of an insect cuticle.

[0112] FIGS. 15-17 describe a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with glyphosate.

[0113] FIG. 18 is a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with paraquat.

[0114] FIGS. 19-21 show a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with atrazine.

[0115] FIGS. 22-23 feature a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with picloram plus 2,4-D.

[0116] FIGS. 24-26 illustrate a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with clomazone.

[0117] FIGS. 27-29 feature a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with 2,4-D.

[0118] FIGS. 30-32 show a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with butachlor.

[0119] FIGS. 33-35 describe a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with oxadiazone.

[0120] FIGS. 36-38 illustrate a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with pendimethalin.

[0121] FIG. 39 features a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with butachlor and pendimethalin.

[0122] FIGS. 40-42 show a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with picloram.

[0123] FIGS. 43-45 describe a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with propanil.

[0124] FIGS. 46-48 illustrate a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-H with propanil plus clomazone.

[0125] FIG. 49 features a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-I with metamidophos.

[0126] FIG. 50 shows a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-I with abamectin.

[0127] FIG. 51 is a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-I with chlorpyrifos.

[0128] FIG. 52 represents a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-I with cypermethrin.

[0129] FIG. 53 features a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-I with profenofos.

[0130] FIG. 54 describes a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-F with azoxystrobin.

[0131] FIG. 55 shows a graphical summary of the field trials of EPAC-F with difenoconazole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0132] The invention provides an agricultural chemical enhancer composition comprising a mixture of: (a) a fermentation product of one or more of red beans, peas, yellow corn, white corn, white rice, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, starch from vegetables sources, inorganic minerals, non-iodized sea salt, urea or another equivalent nitrogen source, biodynamic water and an inoculum selected from the group consisting of bacillus microorgasnisms or sporesand yeast; and (b) essential oils selected from the group consisting of banana oil, cinnamon oil, coconut oil, critic oil, vanilla oil and mixtures thereof; and urea or another equivalent nitrogen source.

[0133] The above mixture may further includes an extract of a plant material selected from the group consisting of marranero fern foliage (Pteridium aquilinum), cola de caballo (horsetail fern) leaves (esquisetum arvense), powdered cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum), garlic cloves (allium sativum), tabasco pepper fruits (capsicum frutescens), pasto kikuyu seeds (pennisetum clandestinum) and mixtures thereof.

[0134] The invention also provides a method for controlling weeds which comprises applying to said weeds an amount effective to inhibit weed growth or to kill weeds of a chemical agent and a fermentation product produced by facultative fermentation, said chemical agent, in the presence of said facultative fermentation product, being effective to inhibit the growth or to kill at least one weed species, and said facultative fermentation product being effective to enhance the activity of said chemical agent, said chemical agent and said facultative fermentation product being applied in amounts wherein killing of said weeds or the inhibition of the growth of said weeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of said chemical agent or said facultative fermentation product applied alone, or provides better or equal control with a significantly reduced dosage of pesticide.

[0135] The invention further relates to a herbicidal composition comprising a chemical herbicide and pesticide in combination with a facultative fermentation product which enhances the activity of said chemical herbicide, said facultative fermentation product being present in said composition in amount sufficient to enhance the herbicidal activity of said chemical herbicide against at least one weed species.

[0136] The present invention is also directed to method for controlling weeds which comprises applying to the seeds of said weeds an amount effective to prevent or inhibit weed growth through a chemical agent and a facultative fermentation product, said chemical agent, in the presence of said facultative fermentation product, being effective to kill or inhibit the growth of weeds from said seeds of at least one weeds species, and said facultative fermentation product being effective to enhance the activity of said chemical agent, such chemical agent and facultative fermentation product being applied in amounts wherein killing of said seeds or the inhibition of the growth of said weeds from said seeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of said chemical agent or said facultative fermentation product applied alone.

[0137] The invention further provides an agricultural chemical composition comprising an agricultural chemical in combination with a facultative fermentation product which enhances the activity of said agricultural chemical, said facultative fermentation product being present in said composition in amounts sufficient to enhance the activity of said agricultural chemical.

[0138] The invention is also directed to an agricultural chemical composition comprising an agricultural chemical selected from the group consisting of an insecticide, fungicide, acaricide, nematocide, miticide, rodenticide, bactericide, molluscicide and bird repellant and mixtures thereof, in combination with a facultative fermentation product which enhances the activity of said agricultural chemical, said facultative fermentation product being present in said composition in amounts sufficient to enhance the activity of said agricultural chemical.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

[0139] The present invention relates to enhancers of the activities of agricultural chemicals. More specifically, the invention provides Enhanced Proficiency Activators (or EPACs') for agricultural chemicals. When small amounts of EPACs are mixed with agricultural chemicals (organic or synthetic) the amount of active ingredients of the agricultural chemical can be significantly reduced, most preferably by 50% to 75%, while maintaining or, in some cases, increasing the active ingredients' efficacy. In addition to reducing the amount of agricultural chemicals used, EPACs also accelerate the rate of biodegradation of the pesticides used in the soil, water or host surfaces by increasing the propensity and rate of bio-oxidation of the active ingredient. As such, EPACs significantly reduce the rate of leaching, evaporation, and residual traces of agricultural chemicals in the field, crops and general environment.

[0140] Applicant has discovered several types of EPACs that are suitable to be mixed with agricultural chemicals. Each of the enhancers is prepared so it is specific for a given family of agricultural chemicals. The enhancers are designed so they are specific for herbicide use, insecticide use, germicide use, fungicide use and fertilizer use.

[0141] The EPACs of the invention are manufactured using special techniques as further described below from all natural materials such as legumes, starch containing materials, plant materials, as well as essential oils derived from plants or vegetable or fruit crops. Natural materials are intended to include any crop known to mankind that provides a nutritional benefit or other benefit.

[0142] To make the enhancers of the invention, Applicant first makes a facultative fermentation product of one or more natural products selected from the group consisting of green peas, red beans, yellow corn, white corn, white onions, green onions (scalions), eucalyptus leaves and/or flowers, green lemon peels and rinds, nettle leaves, yucca, potatoes, yucca leaves, nutmeg (interior part), green lemon peel and rinds, nettle leaves, rue leaves, wormwood leaves (absinthe), green or red peppers (non-spicy), peeled garlic, garlic cloves, green leaves of citronella, red beans, mint green leaves, red tomato leaves and fruit, soya leaves and fruits, celery (leaves and branches), basil (leaves), raw oats in hull, oregano leaves, mata-raton leaves (gliricidia sepium (jacquin)), red beans, horse tail fern (Equisetaceae), plantain leaves, basil oil, garbanzo beans, lentils, barley, citric oil, white rice, salitre, barley (cereal), sorghum, yellow pine sawdust, pine oil, non-iodized sea salt, inorganic minerals containing phosphorus, calcium, silicon and titanium and strontium, urea or other nitrogen source, biodynamic water (water treated overnight with a metal such as copper, gold, platinum, palladium, aluminum, silver) and one or more of an inoculant selected from the group consisting of yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Bacillus Subtillis spores, Bacillus Aglomerans spores, Bacillus Megaterium spores, Bacillus Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Bacillus Lincheniformis. The composition is particularly useful as demonstrated in the examples of the invention for uses in making the enhancers of the invention which will be particularly useful to combine with herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, miticides, etc.

[0143] The minerals used during the fermentation processes of the invention include about 10.00-20.00 ppm Na, 5,000.00-20,000.00 ppm Mg, 100.00-500.00 ppm Al, Si present as silicate of the many elements in the mineral, 20.00-60.00 ppm P, 10.00-30.00 ppm K, 30,000.00-200,000.00 ppm Ca, 50.00-550.00 ppm Ti, 10.00-45.00 ppm Mn, 300.00-1500.00 ppm Fe, 0.20-1.50 ppm Co, 0.5-3.00 ppm Ni, 0.30-5.00 ppm Cu, 0.50-4.00 ppm Zn, 0.5-5.00 ppm As, 200.00-1,000.00 ppm Sr and 5.00-35.00 ppm Ba, as well as many other trace elements commonly found in those minerals.

[0144] It should be noted that numerous species of microorganisms can be used in making the fermented compositions of the invention. They include Bacillus sp. microorganisms, Pseudomonas sp. microorganisms, Bifidobacterium sp. microorganisms, and Lactobacillus sp. microorganisms, with one of Streptomyces sp. microorganisms or Corynebacterium sp. microorganisms. Other microroganisms include Streptomyces pactum, Corynebacterium striatum, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphearieus, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marinoglutinosa, Bifidobacterium thermophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus planatarum and Lactobacillus fermentus.

[0145] The facultative fermentation products are also mixed with essential oils such as banana essential oil, cinnamon essential oil, coconut essential oil, vanilla essential oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil, rose oil, camomile, camphor oil, caraway oil, cardamon oil, cedarwood oil, citronella oil, coriander oil, cumin oil, dill oil, fennel oil, geranium oil, ginger oil, grapefruit oil, jasmine oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil, mandarin oil, mustard oil, nutmeg oil, orange oil, parsley oil, pine oil, rosemary oil, rosewood oil, spearmint oil, tangerine oil, thyme oil, tarragon oil and many others that occur in nature.

[0146] In a specific embodiment of the invention, the process of the invention is a multi-stage process including the following steps:

[0147] (A) The first step of the process is the specialized treatment of the potable water. All water used in subsequent steps of the process of preparing the EPAC's must be treated as follows;

[0148] 1. Take 1,000 liters or the desired amount of potable water and place it in a suitable sized container and insert a metallic plaque made out of copper or other highly conductive material (Cu, Au, Al, Ag, Pt, etc.). The metal could be metal flakes, powdered metal, shavings, or metallic sheets of any geometric form that provide enough surface area for contact with the water. Allow for air to escape or install a bleeder valve in the container.

[0149] 2. Allow the water to stand in contact with the metal a minimum of 8 continuous hours with the plaque submerged. The water should be close to neutral pH and may be regular municipal water.

[0150] 3. The resulting water which we call biodynamic water preserves its suitability for use for approximately 2 months so it can be prepared beforehand and stored for future use.

[0151] 4. Although, Applicant does not want to be bound to any mechanisms regarding the metal treatment, it is believed that the water pre-treated this way appears to prevent the decomposition of the product during the fermentation stage.

[0152] (B) In the second stage of the process, the chosen natural products for fermentation such as those of Table 1, are processed as follows:

[0153] The scale up for this step is designed to make 30 liters for future use in the making of the enhancer.

[0154] The natural products are first cut or ground to an appropriate size for further processing albeit they could be used just as produced by nature without any reduction in size.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 AMOUNT INGREDIENTS (Kg) Red Beans 0.1 Peas 0.1 Yellow Corn 0.1 White Rice 5.0 Sea Salt (Without Iodine) 0.02 Urea (Or other Organic Nitrogen Source) 5.0 Biodynamic Water 19.61 Bio- Bacillus Megaterium Or Yeast 0.05 Ingredients Water Total Product 30.0 Kg

[0155] It should be noted that any other type of natural product can be used in making this formulations. For example one can substitute the red beans, peas, yellow corn and white rice with a combination of white beans, black beans, garbanzo beans, lentils, yucca, potatoes, manioc root, and many others listed in the present specification.

[0156] 1. The red beans, peas and corn are placed in a pressure cooker or autoclave with 300 cc of biodynamic water and cooked for 30 minutes or longer as required.

[0157] 2. Place rice in the rice cooker together with the contents of the pressure cooker described in step 1 above.

[0158] 3. Place the resulting content of the rice cookers in a 30-liter container with sufficient water so that blender operates properly. Blend until totally homogenized.

[0159] 4. Add salt.

[0160] 5. Add Urea (or equivalent of organic nitrogen source for a 100% organic product)

[0161] 6. Add remainder of water while continuing to mix with blender until fully homogenized.

[0162] 7. Seal container a retain for future use.

[0163] (C) In the third stage of the process, the following formulation as shown in Table 2 is mixed as outlined below:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 INGREDIENTS Amount Banana Essential Oil 600 cc Cinnamon Essencial Oil 600 cc Coconut Essential Oil 600 cc Vanilla Essential Oil 1.200 cc Urea or other nitrogen source 25 kg. Biodynamic Water Balance to complete 130 L Total Product 130.0 Kg

[0164] Preparation of Third Stage Formulation:

[0165] 1. In an empty 130-liter container place:

[0166] a. The Essential oils listed above

[0167] b. Urea

[0168] c. Add the biodynamic water until filling the container to 130 L while blending with a blender until all materials a fully homogenized.

[0169] d. Place in 30-liter containers and seal hermetically for future use.

[0170] (D) In the fourth stage of the process 100 grams of Baker's yeast are mixed with sufficient water to make one liter.

[0171] In this step bacillus subtillis and/or bacillus megaterium maybe used instead of Baker's yeast.

[0172] (E) A mineral composition is prepared from minerals derived from mines in the Valle del Cauca region of Colombia and consists of a 50:50 mixture of two minerals having the following elements as the major components as shown in Table 3 (content is reported in ppm):

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Element Content in ppm Content in ppm Ba 6.5 150 Ca 53000 180000 Ce 0.25 2 Co 0.25 2.2 Cu 0.25 0.25 Sr 510 750 Fe 140 8300 La 0.25 1.8 Mg 4300 3200 Mn 20 170 Mo 0.25 0.51 P 2.5 220 K 2.5 47 Se 2 0.55 Si Na 7.5 83 Zn 5.9 93

[0173] The (B) second step material is then fermented for 8 days by adding 1 liter of the yeast water as prepared in the (D) stage and also adding 10 grams of the mineral described in the table.

[0174] (F) The resulting facultative fermentation product is then mixed with the composition of the (C) stage process and set aside for future use.

[0175] Subsequent to preparation of the composition (F) a phytoadditive is prepared depending on the intended use of the final enhancer composition. Each enhancer is prepared by using other naturally derived products which are mixed with product (F) to give it the desired properties.

[0176] The following procedures are used for the preparation of 130 Liters of phytoadditives, which are then mixed with 6,000 liters of part E.

[0177] a. For every cubic meter (1,000 liters) of previously prepared biodynamic water there is inserted a biodynamic plaque made out of copper or other highly conductive material (Cu, Ag, Au, etc.), connected by copper (or similar conductive material) wire to a second biodynamic plaque.

[0178] b. Place a 30 L container next to each cubic meter container and place the second biodynamic plaque inside.

[0179] c. Then, depending on the specialization of the phytoadditive being produced, place in the 30 L container one of the following ingredients (Specializing Agents):

[0180] i. phytoadditive-H (Herbicide): 100-200 cc of glyphosate

[0181] ii. phytoadditive-I (Insecticide): 100-200 cc of Neem oil

[0182] iii. phytoadditive-F (Germicidefungicide or bactericide): 100-200 cc of citronella oil or limonello oil.

[0183] iv. phytoadditive-N(Nutritionalfertilizer): 100-200 cc of pine oil or cacao oil.

[0184] v. The amount used, varying between 100 and 200 cc depends on the purity and concentration of the Specializing Agent being used.

[0185] d. Allow the above experimental set up to stand overnight minimum (8 hours) with one plaque submerged in the biodynamic water and the other submerged in the 30 L container with the Specializing Agent indicated above in c. i, ii, or iii.

[0186] e. After standing overnight, throw away the contents of the 30 L container. Avoid contamination of anything else with this content.

[0187] f. Use the specialized biodynamic water prepared above for the following steps in preparing the specialized phytoadditives.

[0188] g. Cook the indicated material and quantities shown in table 4 below (depending on the type of phytoadditive being prepared) placing the specific material(s) in biodynamic water at a ratio of 1:1 (same amount of biodynamic water as the volume of the specific material). Cook in pressure cooker or autoclave for one half (0.5 Hrs) hour.

[0189] h. Mix with 20 Liters of biodynamic water to wash out materials. Gently mix thoroughly and filter to separate the solids.

[0190] i. Discard solids and use the liquid from this process.

[0191] j. The result is the specialized phytoadditive.

[0192] k. Mix at a ratio of 130 L of specialized phytoadditive to 6,000 L of Part E to produce EPAC-H, EPAC-I and EPAC-F.

[0193] l. The resulting mixture is then treated through a pipeline exposed to an electromagnetic field for 8 hours, alternating, one hour on, one hour off, while introducing ionized air bubbles and also being exposed to blue and green lights.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 FUNCTION COMPONENT Herbicida -EPAC- 1,083 gm - Helecho Marranero Foliage. Pteridium H aquilinum Fungicida 542 gm - Cola De Caballo Leaves. esquisetum Bactericida arvense EPAC-F 542 gm - Powdered Cinnamon. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Insecticida 542 gm - Garlic Cloves. Allium sativum EPAC-I 542 gm - Tabasco Pepper Fruits. Capsicum frutescens EPAC-N 1,083 gm - Pasto Kikuyo Seeds. Pennisetum Fertilizante clandestinum
The indicated amounts are for each batch of 130 liters of Specialized phytoadditive.

[0194] It has been further discovered that the facultative fermentation products can be combined with chemical herbicides to control weeds, wherein the combination of chemical herbicide and facultative fermentation product produces a greater degree of injury than is produced by the herbicide or facultative fermentation product alone. The facultative fermentation products need not be purified and phytotoxic materials in the facultative fermentation product need not be identified in order to use this approach for effective weed control. With this approach to the control of weeds, it is possible to reduce the amount of chemical herbicides that are introduced into the environment.

[0195] The present invention overcomes the problems and disadvantages of the prior art by providing a method to control the growth of a broad spectrum of weeds and other pests while reducing the amount of chemical herbicides or other chemicals used to achieve this goal. By combining chemical agents, such as herbicides or other chemical agents, with facultative fermentation products, greater weed or pest control is achieved than is obtained by the same amount of chemical alone. Thus it is possible to control the growth of weeds or pests while reducing the amount of chemical introduced into the environment, thereby reducing the worker exposure, environmental burden and container disposal problems associated with the use of chemical herbicides and other chemical agents. In addition, a general method for broad spectrum control of weed growth is provided that is safer than current methods, inexpensive and effective.

[0196] The present invention comprises a method of controlling weeds by applying to the weeds a chemical herbicide combined with facultative fermentation products, wherein the action of the herbicide is enhanced by the facultative fermentation products and wherein the facultative fermentation product is effective to enhance the activity of the chemical herbicide.

[0197] The chemical agent and facultative fermentation product are applied in amounts wherein killing of the weeds or the inhibition of weed growth is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of the chemical herbicide or facultative fermentation product applied alone. Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method of controlling the growth of weeds by applying a chemical herbicide together with facultative fermentation product which has been further processed by techniques such as concentration, filtration or fractionation, wherein inhibition of weed growth or killing of the weeds is greater than would be obtained by the same amounts of herbicide or processed facultative fermentation product applied alone.

[0198] Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for controlling weeds to prevent or inhibit weed growth which comprises applying to soil containing the seeds of weeds a herbicide and a facultative fermentation product, wherein the action of the herbicide on the seeds is enhanced by the facultative fermentation product, and wherein the facultative fermentation product is effective to enhance the activity of the herbicide, so that the killing of the seeds or the inhibition of the growth of weeds developing from the seeds is greater than would be caused by the same amounts of the herbicide or facultative fermentation product applied alone.

[0199] Another embodiment of the invention comprises a herbicidal composition comprising a chemical herbicide in combination with a facultative fermentation product or processed facultative fermentation product present in an amount sufficient to enhance the activity of the chemical herbicide.

[0200] Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the methods and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The following general description is offered by way of explanation and illustration, and not by way of limitation.

[0201] For purposes of this application, a weed is any plant that is objectionable or interferes with the activities or welfare of man at the location where it is growing. A herbicide (here also called a chemical herbicide) is a chemical used to control, suppress, or kill plants, or to severely interrupt their normal growth processes.

[0202] Facultative fermentation product refers to primary and secondary metabolites subjected to fermentation processes which yields a changed metabolite. The term facultative fermentation product is used here because the intended meaning is analogous to the use of this term in other contexts related to facultative fermentation.

[0203] The term processed facultative fermentation product will be used here to refer to materials derived from facultative fermentation product by processing the facultative fermentation product with treatments that alter its composition, where the processed product is a relatively complex mixture of constituents resulting from the interaction of facultative fermentation or derivatives of such constituents. Such treatments may include, but are not limited to, concentration, drying, lyophilization, filtration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, removal of sediment by centrifugation, pasteurization, freezing, boiling, adjustment of pH, and the addition of chemicals such as preservatives, stabilizers, and agents to kill the microorganisms. This definition also includes partial purification by means including, but not limited to concentration, extraction, fractionation, and precipitation.

[0204] The term processed facultative fermentation product is intended to exclude highly purified compounds isolated from conditioned culture media. After processing, the resulting processed facultative fermentation product remains a type of facultative fermentation product, and the general term facultative fermentation product encompasses processed product. To practice the invention, a chemical herbicide and facultative fermentation product (which may be a processed facultative fermentation product), are both applied topically to weeds or to soil containing seeds of weeds. The chemical agent and facultative fermentation product are applied by well-known methods of application such as spraying or as a soil drench.

[0205] Application may be preemergent, postemergent or as a nonselective contact herbicide. In the embodiments described below, the application is postemergent. For preemergent application, the herbicide and the facultative fermentation product are applied to the seeds of weeds before the seeds have germinated, or at early stages of germination before the developing plant has emerged from the soil, typically by application to soil in which the seeds are located. The invention can be used to control weeds in an agricultural setting and can also be used for nonagricultural applications. For example, the invention can be used to control weeds in turf and as a contact bioherbicide for the management of roadside vegetation.

[0206] The chemical herbicide and the facultative fermentation product are generally applied simultaneously, usually in a single mixture. However, the chemical and the facultative fermentation product can also be applied from separate tanks, and may be applied sequentially.

[0207] Compositions for practice of the invention can be formulated in numerous ways, including flowables, dry flowables, water dispersible granules or emulsified concentrates. While the embodiments described below each entail the use of a single herbicide and a single facultative fermentation product, mixtures of media in which different species or pathovars of microorganisms have been cultured can be used to practice of this invention. The invention can also be practiced by applying a mixture of different chemical agents in conjunction with the facultative fermentation product. Furthermore, the invention can be practiced in conjunction with a bioherbicide, i.e., a medium conditioned by one microorganism can be used together with a different microorganism which acts as a bioherbicide.

[0208] Various chemical herbicides can be used to practice this invention. The embodiments described below employed sulfosate, glyphosate, glufosinate, paraquat, fluazifop, sethoxydim, imazapyr, chlorimuron, dicamba, bentazon, fomesafen, and imazethapyr as chemical agents.

[0209] While known chemical herbicides can be used to practice this invention, it should be appreciated that chemicals which do not fit the conventional definition of herbicide may also be used. For example, plant hormone analogues that are not currently useful alone as herbicides may nevertheless effectively control the growth of weeds when applied in combination with facultative fermentation product or processed facultative fermentation product. Examples of such chemical agents include phytohormones such as indole acetic acid derivatives and also include enzyme cofactors, allelEPACthic compounds, and analogues of amino acids, nucleic acid bases and vitamins.

[0210] The facultative fermentation product may be processed in other ways for convenience or to enhance its efficacy. Such treatments may include, but are not limited to, concentration, drying, lyophilization, filtration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, removal of sediment by centrifugation, pasteurization, freezing, boiling, adjustment of pH, and the addition of chemicals such as preservatives, stabilizers and agents to kill the microorganisms. Such treatments also include partial purification by means including, but not limited to concentration, extraction, fractionation, and precipitation.

[0211] The components in the facultative fermentation product may enhance the action of the chemical herbicide through various mechanisms.

[0212] Mixtures of more than one facultative fermentation product, each medium being conditioned by a different microorganism, may be advantageous. Such mixtures may be especially effective where the different conditioned media facilitate the actions of herbicides through different mechanisms of action involving different fermentation products. Where such mixtures are used, the use of processed conditioned media that has been concentrated may be advantageous.

[0213] The formulation of the invention may also contain adjuvants such as surfactants and suspension agents.

[0214] In practicing this broad approach to weed control, it should be understood that each particular combination of chemical agent and facultative fermentation product will not necessarily be effective in controlling particular species of weeds. This is consistent with the behavior of broad range chemicals herbicides in general, which are rarely, if ever, effective in controlling all types of weeds. Whether a particular combination of herbicide and facultative fermentation product or processed facultative fermentation product will be useful for a particular application can readily be determined by those skilled in the art without undue experimentation by testing in the greenhouse or in the field. The given Examples illustrate the type of experiment that can be performed to determine the effectiveness of a given combination of facultative fermentation product and herbicide, as well as to optimize parameters such as the application rate for the herbicide.

[0215] Certain principles may guide the optimization of parameters. First, the effect of the conditioned media is most evident when the herbicide is applied at a level where the herbicide alone produces weak or marginal effects on the weeds. Where the herbicide at a particular dosage already produces a high degree of weed control, additional benefits from the addition of conditioned media may not be apparent.

[0216] Control is more apparent when the weed shows partial response to the level of chemical herbicide employed. Preferred levels for the application of three herbicides (sulfosate, glyphosate, and glufosinate) are illustrated in the Examples. Effects of varying the concentration of herbicide are also illustrated.

[0217] Second, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that while the rate of application of the chemical can advantageously be less than the usual field application some level of the herbicide will be too low to have a useful effect. However, further reductions may be possible for particular applications.

[0218] Practice of this invention may make it possible to achieve further reductions in the amount of chemical herbicides employed by giving users the option to replace the traditional prophylactic preemergent herbicide application with more efficient postemergent application. A postemergent chemical herbicide used in conjunction with facultative fermentation product could be applied selectively only as required, providing an alternative to heavy preventative preemergent application of herbicides. This approach has not been generally feasible in the past due to the cost and limited spectrum of most postemergent herbicides.

[0219] The constituents of facultative fermentation product are expected to be naturally occurring substances. Thus, it can be anticipated that they will be biodegradable and should not produce long-term deleterious effects. Practice of this invention would have the additional advantage of reducing the costs associated with the disposal of chemical herbicide containers. This reduction would be accomplished by a reduction in the total amount of chemical herbicide used.

[0220] The development of Enhanced Proficiency Activators (EPACs') is the result of biotechnological processes that are friendly to the environment and no material or product is used in manufacturing that have any restrictions or genetically modified organisms; ensuring that these products are 100% organic and meet the food codex of FAO.

[0221] The raw materials for manufacturing EPAC are 100% renewable vegetable sources, specifically selected for their interaction with synthetic molecules that need enhanced activity. From these sources a mixture of secondary and other metabolites is obtained. These metabolites are obtained in two ways: 1) directly by plant extraction processes, 2) by an industrial process in which, starting from organic sources of energy, a specific microorganism acts so that maximizes the production of primary or secondary metabolite of interest, which is then isolated and purified for use.

[0222] This successful biotechnological process results in products that act very effectively as specific enhancers (synergists) of different molecules of chemicals: herbicides, insecticides, germicides and fertilizers, thus minimizing the economic, social, nutritional and environmental cost.

Properties of EPAC: The Role of Secondary Metabolites of Plants

[0223] Proteins are basic organic molecules in plants, as are the structural and regulatory element thereof (enzymes, hormones, etc.). Proteins are made up of peptides, and these amino acids. Plants, unlike animals, can generate its own proteins and amino acids from mineral nitrogen, although in certain circumstances respond very positively to fertilization with special fertilizers containing amino acids.

[0224] The plant secondary metabolites are low molecular weight compounds that not only have great ecological importance because the processes involved in plant adaptation to their environment, such as the establishment of symbiosis with other agents and in attracting pollinators, dispersers seeds and fruits, etc.; but because there is an active synthesis of secondary metabolites when plants are exposed to adverse conditions such as: a) consumption by herbivores (insects), b) attack by microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and viruses), c) competition for space soil, light, and nutrients between different plant species.

[0225] FIG. 1 shows the events in which secondary metabolites are induced during the defense response of plants. Each have different EPACS of great diversity of secondary metabolites with a specific biological activity, which not only confers stability and compatibility with the molecules of agrochemical but which in turn timely facilitates integration with the plant and its stimulation natural defense mechanisms resulting in the natural production of secondary metabolites with specific functions.

Advantages of EPACs

[0226] EPACs secondary metabolites have great diversity and polarity, increasing the stability and chemical compatibility with different molecules of agricultural use as herbicides, insecticides, germicides and fertilizers.

[0227] The low molecular weight and physicochemical characteristics of metabolites that make up the product, breaks the intermolecular forces of the agrochemicals molecules, facilitating the absorption of the products in the control body (plants, insects, fungi, etc) and encouraging efficiency.

[0228] The diversity of secondary metabolites that make up EPACs allow the existence of a EPAC for each herbicide, insecticide, germicide or fertilizer family, depending on the initial selection process of the farmer, which gives a specific mode of action for each chemical.

[0229] The organic composition of EPAC prevents loss of the active ingredient of agrochemicals due to chemical oxidation and low adherence of products for rejection.

[0230] EPAC optimize the effect of synthetic chemical products, reducing requirements formulation of the active ingredient of products significantly and up to 50-75%

[0231] EPAC can be added to different existing molecules for edaphic and foliar formulations, and contribute to decreasing the residuality of agrochemicals, favoring the natural processes of biological degradation in the environment.

[0232] The invention provide EPAC's for uses with herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, germicides and other agrochemicals. A description of each enhancer is further described below.

EPAC-H: Enhancer for Chemical Herbicides

[0233] EPAC-H of organic origin are products that enhance a variety of specific chemical herbicides. It can be added to the different existing molecules for edaphic and foliar use. Each EPAC-H is designed for a specific chemical herbicide family in order to minimize the active ingredient while substantially maintaining or increasing their effectiveness.

[0234] They are composed of concentrated proteins of low molecular weight interacting with chemicals formulated as herbicides for weed control in intensive crops; increasing the sensitivity of these plants to active ingredients designed to control. They further overcome the molecular attraction of herbicide chemical molecules, thus ensuring greater homogenization and decreasing potential applications and increasing the control of active ingredient per unit.

[0235] EPAC-H is the result of fermentation of plant-derived materials containing a mixture of secondary metabolites that act as herbicide enhancers of different families of chemical molecules helping to improve product efficiency.

[0236] EPAC-H is an organic enhancer or herbicide synergist, produced by biotechnological techniques, which achieves substantial reduction in the amount of chemical herbicide used, maintaining or increasing their effectiveness.

Composition and Characteristics of EPAC-H

[0237] EPAC-H is the result of fermentation processes (after which there is added an extract of Marranero Fern FoliagePteridium aquilinum) from plant materials containing a mixture of secondary metabolites that allow it to interact with different herbicides. The physicochemical characteristics of various metabolites that make EPAC-H gives it the ability such that EPAC-H may be different for each herbicide. Besides, their organic nature enables rapid absorption of chemicals mixed with it, enabling a significant reduction in the amounts of chemicals applied and loss due to rejection.

Advantages

[0238] Secondary metabolites EPAC-H confer innate compatibility with organic molecules of plants, as if they were engaging quickly absorbed nutrients and increasing the function of herbicidal potency molecules, helping to improve product efficiency.

[0239] The high polarity, reactivity and diversity of secondary metabolites of EPAC-H increase the stability and compatibility of plants with different herbicide molecules for agricultural use. The physicochemical characteristics of metabolites that make EPAC-H gives it the ability to work with each herbicide.

[0240] The organic composition of EPAC-H optimizes the effect of synthetic chemical products, significantly reducing the requirements of the active ingredient formulation of products, up to 50-75%, in most cases, contributing to the decrease of the residual herbicide and processes favoring natural degradation thereof in the environment.

EPAC-H as Chemical Herbicide Enhancer

[0241] Herbicides are used extensively in agriculture, industry and urban areas because they provide an efficient control of weeds at low cost. In agriculture, they have been very important as weed management tool for many years.

[0242] Herbicides are compounds of varied chemical characteristics, but some have similar physicochemical characteristics that influence their potential phytotoxicity such as: Molecular weight, Melting Point, Boiling Point, the water solubility, vapor pressure, diffusion coefficient and the partition coefficient.

[0243] It has been found that in some cases less than 1% of the herbicides that reach the surface of the plant interact at the point of action, so that for many herbicides the plant metabolism is the main cause of loss of the active ingredient and pollution resulting environmental.

[0244] It has also been shown that most conventional herbicides exhibit physical, chemical and biological degradation. Some physical factors such as ultraviolet light influence the efficacy of herbicides in plants and many different chemical herbicides suffer degradation reactions such as oxidation, and secondly, some microbial enzymes are responsible for their degradation.

[0245] Although Applicant does not wish to be bound by any theories or mechanisms of action as to how the enhancers of the invention exert their action, the following represents an explanation as to what Applicant believes is currently understood with out the benefits of further in depth research studies.

Mode of Action EPAC-H

[0246] The mode of action of EPAC-H can be divided into three parts:

Contact

[0247] When a herbicide has contacted the leaf surface of a plant, subsequently it evaporates and is lost to the atmosphere, or it remains on the surface of the cuticle in liquid or crystalline form, or penetrates through the cuticle or stomata. This ground-contact herbicide may be limited by several factors such as the formulation of the herbicide, morphology and hairiness of leaf surface and environmental factors, such as shown in FIG. 2.

[0248] Regarding the formulation of the herbicide, it has been found that conventional herbicide molecules (comprising oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), resemble spheres with large intermolecular forces and high surface area, making it difficult to contact the plant due to the morphology and hairiness of leaf surface.

[0249] When the conventional herbicide is mixed with the enhancer EPAC-H, the organic composition and high polarity thereof, allows for the breaking of intermolecular forces that exist in the herbicide, making molecules stop attracting to themselves and search for ways of binding to the enhancer, as shown in FIG. 3.

[0250] Rupture of these intermolecular forces of herbicides by EPAC-H, increases the stability and compatibility of the molecules, facilitating the entry of the herbicide into the plant by forming covalent bonds i.e., EPAC-H-herbicide, in which electrons are shared due to small differences in electronegativity.

[0251] The covalent bond formed between EPAC-H-Herbicide is unique for each herbicide molecule and depend on the physicochemical characteristics of secondary metabolites in the EPAC-H and the initial selection of the farmer for a particular herbicide. See FIG. 4 showing EPAC-H-Herbicide

[0252] This covalent bond between EPAC-H-herbicide prevents losses due to low adhesion of the active elements to the leaves of plants, thus overcoming the barrier and morphology of the leaf surface hairiness.

[0253] Most herbicidal formulations are applied by spraying the solution or suspension in water, since the surface tension of water is very high and its ability to adhere or contact with the surface of the leaves is reduced by the waxy nature of these. another advantage of EPAC-H, because of its functional properties, is to accelerate the rate of penetration in the ground or leaf, by decreasing the surface tension between the water and the herbicide application. This condition favors the application during rainy seasons.

Plant Absorption

[0254] EPAC-H enhances multiple types of herbicides which have a different mode of action in plants, but the absorption process of the EPAC-H/herbicide complex is similar and the functional properties of EPAC-H play its important role here: secondary metabolites are compatible with the plant, engaging it as if they were rapidly absorbed nutrients, masking the herbicide molecules' functional power and avoiding herbicide detoxification mechanisms in the plant, such as redox reactions, which favors effectiveness of the products.

[0255] Oxidation is one of the initial processes in the detoxification of chemical compounds in plants, including herbicides, which can happen for the removal of a proton (H+) or the addition of oxygen in the form of hydroxyl ion (OH). Oxidation of the herbicide can cause different structural modifications of the molecule, such as rupture of covalent bonds.

[0256] Once the EPAC-H/herbicide complex is recognized as a nutrient or a non-harmful substance, this is absorbed by the plant through natural processes of transport of substances (active and passive transport) as shown in FIG. 5, without altering the characteristics of the herbicide and enhancing its function.

[0257] Once the EPAC-H/Herbicidecomplex has been absorbed, a translocation process occurs in which the herbicide disturbs many of the essential physiological processes of plants (depending on the mode of action of the herbicide). After the translocation of the EPAC-H/Herbicide complex, the EPAC-H (enhancer or synergist) inhibits the enzyme system detoxification of plants and overcomes the defense system of the plants, enhancing herbicide phytotoxicity quickly, in contrast to the effect of products which act as herbicide antidotes stimulating degradation as shown in FIG. 6.

[0258] After inhibition of the defense system of plants through enzymes detoxification as a result of the enhancer, the herbicide is activated, causing the death of the plant. Thus, although EPAC-H has no inherent herbicidal activity, it increases the effectiveness of specific herbicides only by forming complexes with each of these chemicals.

Examples of Applications EPAC-HGlyphosate and Bispyribac

[0259] One of the most widely used herbicides in the world that can be enhanced by EPAC-H is glyphosate, a non-selective, broad-spectrum systemic herbicide, which is applied to the foliage at the post-emergence stage and inhibits the synthesis of amino acids in plants. From the chemical standpoint glyphosate is N-phosphonomethyl-glycine and is characterized by its high polarity and consists of three functional groups: amino, carboxylate and phosphonate. FIG. 7 shows the structural formula of glyphosate.

[0260] Glyphosate is transported throughout the plant, acting on various enzyme systems and inhibiting the metabolism of several amino acids via the shikimic acid route. This route is the first step in the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants in which the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) present in plants, becomes an excellent target for the action of glyphosate, because it competes for the same enzyme sites, blocking the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids essential for the life of the plant as shown in FIG. 8.

[0261] As a result, a slow death of the plant, starting with stunting of growth, followed by chlorosis and finally tissue necrosis occurs.

[0262] EPAC-H has also been found to enhance other herbicides such as bispyribac, a selective, no residual postemergence herbicide. From the chemical point of view, the bispyribac is characterized as a herbicide composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. It belongs to the chemical group Pyrimidinyloxibenzoic acid, i.e., it is a benzoic acid derivative as shown in FIG. 9.

[0263] As glyphosate, it is an inhibitor of the synthesis of amino acids, but in contrast to the latter bispyribac inhibits BCAAs. Bispyribac active ingredient inhibits the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS), which is essential for the biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine. This inhibition interferes with cell division and causes the plant growth to stop. The interruption of growth continues with chlorosis, necrosis and death of weeds.

[0264] Additional herbicides that can be combined with EPAC-H include Alachlor, Atrazine, Bentazon, Bialaphos, Butachlor, Butylate, Chlorimuron ethyl, Chlorsul furon, Cinmethylin, Clomazone, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Dicamba 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), EPTC, Ethephon, Fenoxaprop, Fluazifop-butyl, Fomesafen, Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Haloxyfop, Hoelon, Imazapyr Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Linuron, Mefluidide, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, Metsulfuron, Molinate, Norflurazon, Oryzalin, Oxyfluorfen, Paraquat, Pendimethalin, Picloram, Propachlor, Propanil, Pyridate, Sethoxydim, Simazine, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate, Sulfometuron, Sulfosate and Trifluralin.

EPAC-I: Enhancer for Organic Chemical Insecticides

[0265] EPAC-I is a product of organic origin that helps to enhance the activity of a variety of insecticides of chemical origin. It may be added to the different existing molecules for edaphic foliar use. Each EPAC-I is designed for a specific chemical insecticide in order to minimize the active ingredient while substantially maintaining or increasing their effectiveness.

[0266] It consists of secondary metabolites that interact with chemicals formulated as insecticides for phytosanitary control in intensive crops. Its composition increases stability and compatibility between different insecticide molecules for agricultural use overcoming the molecular attraction between molecules for different insect control, which ensures greater homogenization, greatest potential applications and control of active ingredient per unit. EPAC-I increases the sensitivity of the active ingredients against the insects and it is designed for certain control mechanisms and increases resistance of the plants, making them more proactive with controlling treatment. The organic composition of EPAC-I with low adhesion prevents losses of active elements of insecticides to plant leaves, reducing stress on the chemical, beneficial microorganisms and plants.

[0267] EPAC-I is a fully biodegradable formulation requiring less active ingredient when combined, contributing to agrochemicals having low leachability in soils, which favors the reduction of pollutants in the environment.

Composition and Characteristics

[0268] EPAC-I is the result of fermentation processes from plant materials (to which there is added Garlic ClovesAllium sativum and Tabasco Pepper FruitsCapsicum frutescens) containing a mixture of secondary and tertiary metabolites that allow it to interact with different insecticides. The physicochemical characteristics of various metabolites that make EPAC-I give it the capability to enhance each insecticide, depending on the initial selection of the farmer. Furthermore, the organic nature allows rapid absorption of the chemicals mixed with it, enabling a significant reduction in the amounts of chemicals applied and rejection losses.

Advantage

[0269] Secondary metabolites of EPAC-I increase the stability and compatibility between different insecticidal moleculesfor agricultural use. The organic composition of EPAC-I overcomes the weak molecular attraction of insecticidal molecules which ensures greater homogenization, greatest potential applications and control of active ingredient per unit.

[0270] The organic composition of EPAC-I increases the phythogenic sensitivity of the active ingredients designed for control of the insects by enhancing the effects of chemical insecticides with lower dose of product. EPAC-I increases the resistance mechanisms of the plants, making them more proactive for treatment and control of insects.

[0271] The organic composition of EPAC-I having low adhesion prevents losses of insecticidal active elements on to plant leaves, reducing chemical stress on the beneficial microorganisms, and plants.

EPAC-I as Enhancer of Insecticide Chemicals

[0272] More than a million known species of insects feed on plants, and of these, approximately 700 worldwide species cause the most damage to crops, both in the field and in storage. Therefore, chemical insecticide control plays an important role for farmers and society as it helps keep pest populations to tolerable levels to protect crops. Despite this, the indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides has caused a negative impact on human health, agricultural ecosystems and the environment.

[0273] The indiscriminate use of insecticides also creates the appearance of insect populations that are increasingly resistant to these products. Therefore when insecticides are used, proper pest control involves at least: knowledge of pest biology (habits, behavior), most sensitive biological state, etc, as well as economic threshold and appropriate selection of an insecticide. Once the insecticides can exert action on one or various stages of insects such as arthropod development, they can be considered ovicides, larvicides and adulticides if they eliminate eggs, larva or adults, respectively.

[0274] Because of the problems mentioned earlier, new alternatives for insect pest management are highly desirable. Plant secondary metabolites have recently been considered an appropriate field to search for new compositions with less environmental impact and potential for agricultural pest control, giving rise to a more organic agriculture.

[0275] EPAC-I is an organic product obtained from plants and it represents a significant contribution as an alternative to boost agricultural pest control while decreasing the dose of insecticide application, which contributes to lower environmental impact with the use of these products. Likewise, EPAC-I allows for the control of insects that have developed insecticide resistance without increasing the insecticide dosage.

Mode of Action EPAC-I

[0276] Considering the processes that occur from the time of application of an insecticide until you find the site of action in an organism such processes include:

Contact

[0277] Some insecticides may be applied in more than one form of incorporation, which is closely linked to the mechanism of action of the insecticide inside the insect. Therefore, how an insecticide is incorporated into the insect is crucial to exercise its action effectively. The incorporation or contact insecticide with the insect can occur in different ways: by contact, inhalation, or ingestion either when the insecticide is absorbed by the treated plant and insects ingest the product while feeding on plants. See FIG. 13 for a schematic.

[0278] On the other hand, the chemical structures of chemical insecticides are widely varied and complex, which influences the toxicological and environmental properties of these products. Adding EPAC-I allows a certain insecticidal chemical compatibility between different molecules and organic molecules of EPAC-I, which in turn favor overcoming the cuticular barrier as one of the larger obstacles that a conventional insecticide must overcome during contact and entry into the insect (in the case of contact insecticides), or enter the plant (systemic insecticides) and exert their toxic effect.

[0279] The insect cuticle is composed of chitin, which determines the shape and appearance of insects and is the protective barrier between the internal and physiological systems surrounding the environment of insects. The chitin consists of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linked together by (1, 4) links. This gives it a flat structure as supporting tissue for their ability to associate with hydrogen bonds. FIG. 14 illustrates the composition of the insect cuticle.

[0280] Chitin is the main barrier in insects and it is one of the major contributing factors to conventional insecticide oxidation, leading to product losses. Chitin is an organic material, and when EPAC-I makes contact with this material, in enhances the insecticide function. Therefore, a conventional insecticide mixed with EPAC-I is less likely to suffer losses by chemical oxidation of the product, which contributes to improving their effectiveness.

[0281] The functional properties of EPAC-I allow the breaking of the bonds between the complex insecticidal molecules resulting in EPAC-I complexes that are chemically-compatible with the insecticide, facilitating their incorporation into insect or plant body and subsequent absorption.

[0282] The mode of action of ingestion of some insecticides is also applicable to both aquatic insects and larvae of agricultural crops, so when a conventional insecticide is used, it is important to spray through the leaves, so the larvae product is applied between the system. Still, when conventional insecticides are applied, there can be uncovered areas, which are used by insects to feed and avoid dying when poisoned with insecticide during ingestion. The addition of EPAC-I to a conventional insecticide, ensures that the contact surface is increased with the insect that feeds on the plant and therefore can eat the amount of product required to cause the toxic effect.

Absorption

[0283] The insect cuticle also plays a critical role in the absorption stage of EPAC-I. In chitin, one can also find structures or external ornaments as furrows, wrinkles, hair, scales, and symbiotic microorganisms, which easily recognize the EPAC-I-Insecticide complex which decreases the surface tension of water on product application, favoring its absorption by the insect. EPAC-I is recognized or interpreted as a germicide by symbiotic microorganisms, which activate their defense system against them (thus reducing or abandoning their protective role for the insect) and allow the EPAC-I/Insecticide to be absorbed without any biological oxidation and, once achieved, the insecticide exerts its action.

[0284] The absorption and subsequent metabolism of the insecticide will vary depending on the type of insecticide, which is linked to the mode of action. Absorption by the insect's body is also variable depending on the above two factors. In the case of contact insecticides, the EPAC-I/Insecticide complex penetrates through the integument and is distributed laterally within the integument reaching the site of action via the tracheal system.

[0285] On the ground, insecticides undergo a process of degradation and metabolism. The degradation is due mostly to ultraviolet light and also dust particles deposited on the foliage. The plant symbiotic microorganisms also play an important role in the degradation process. In the case of conventional insecticides only part of the product can be absorbed by the plant. In leaves, penetration depends on the quality of the leaf surface and the cuticular wax, so that for an insecticide entering the plant certain conditions must be met between those who have good coverage and where the product exhibits adequate retention or capacity to remain in the foliage and not fall out of it. The EPAC/-I-Insecticide complex favors the increase of the mixture received by the foliage decreasing the chemical stress on plants and beneficial microorganisms.

[0286] For systemic insecticides, the EPAC-I-Insecticide complex is absorbed by the plant as a quickly absorbed nutrient. The EPAC-I-Insecticide complex secondary metabolites are to recognized by the plant as a nutrient and promotes natural production of secondary metabolites with insecticidal properties in plants.

Translocation

[0287] EPAC-I increases the sensitivity of the phythogenic insecticide active ingredients designed to control insects. Once the EPAC-I/-Insecticide complex has been absorbed by the insect, the complex is translocated and dissolved in the hemolymph, which leads to the site of action, depending on the type of insecticide, and other organs where they accumulate and exert their toxic effect.

[0288] Once absorbed by the plant, the EPAC-F-Insecticide complex moves in various directions, enhancing the insecticidal effect and increasing resistance mechanisms of plants making them more proactive with good treatment control.

[0289] The EPAC-I is combined with other pesticides selected from the group consisting of: abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, acrinathrin, alanycarb, aldicarb, allethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, aluminium phosphide, amitraz, azadirachtin, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bensultap, beta-cyfluthrin, beta-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, borax, buprofezin, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, cadusafos, calcium cyanide, calcium polysulfide, carbaryl, chlorantraniliprole, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenapyr, chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chloropicrin, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, coumaphos, cryolite, cyanophos, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, cyphenothrin, cyromazine, dazomet, deltamethrin, demeton-S-methyl, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dicyclanil, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dinotefuran, di sulfoton, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, empenthrin, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethion, ethiprole, ethoprophos, ethylene dibromide, etofenprox, etoxazole, famphur, fenitrothi on, fenobucarb, fenoxycarb, fenpropathrin, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil, flonicamid, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenoxuron, flumethrin, formetanate, formetanate hydrochloride, fosthiazate, furathiocarb, gamma-cyhalothrin, halofenozide, heptachlor, heptenophos, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, hydroprene, imidacloprid, imiprothrin, indoxacarb, isofenphos, isoprocarb, isopropyl O-(methoxy-aminothiophosphoryl)salicylate, isoxathion, lambda-cyhalothrin, lithium perfluoro-octane sulfonate, lufenuron, magnesium phosphide, malathion, mecarbam, mercurous chloride, metaflumizone, metam, metam-sodium, methamidophos, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, methoprene, methothrin, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, methyl isothiocyanate, metolcarb, mevinphos, milbemectin, monocrotophos, naled, naphthalenic compounds, nicotine, nitenpyram, nithiazine, novaluron, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl laurate, permethrin, petroleum oils, phenothrin, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphine, pirimicarb, pirimiphos-methyl, prallethrin, profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, propoxur, prothiofos, pymetrozine, pyraclofos, pyrethrins, pyridalyl, pyridaben, pyridaphenthion, pyrimidifen, pyriproxyfen, quinalphos, resmethrin, rotenone, sabadilla, silafluofen, sodium cyanide, sodium pentachloro-phenoxide, spinetoram, spinosad, sulcofuron, sulcofuron-sodium, sulfluramid, sulfotep, sulfuryl fluoride, sulprofos, tau-fluvalinate, tebufenozide, tebupirimfos, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, tetramethrin, theta-cypermethrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiometon, thiosultap-sodium, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, triazamate, triazophos, trichlorfon, triblumuron, trimethacarb, vamidothion, xylylcarb, zeta-cypermethrin, zinc phosphide, beet juice, D-limonene, cedarwood oil, castor oil, cedar oil, cinnamon oil, citric acid, citronella oil, clove oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lauryl sulfate, lemon grass oil, linseed oil, malic acid, mint oil, peppermint oil, 2-phenethyl propionate (2-phenylethyl propionate), potassium sorbate, rosemary oil, sesame oil, sodium chloride, sodium lauryl sulfate, soybean oil, and thyme oil and mixtures thereof.

EPAC-N: Enhancer for Organic Chemical Fertilizers

[0290] EPAC-N is also an organic product obtained by fermentation of plant materials interacting with chemicals formulated as nutrients for plants in intensive crops. EPAC-N reduces physical and mechanical resistance of plants both in the air and soil structure of chemical molecules, decrease the toxicity of the chemicals to the beneficial soil biota and reduces the potential for the same nutritional phythogenic microorganisms. EPAC-N differs from other enhancers in that it prevents or reduces crop nutrient leaching in soils, reducing the environmental impact.

Composition and Characteristics

[0291] EPAC-N is the result of fermentation processes from plant materials containing a mixture of secondary metabolites that allow it to interact with different fertilizers. The physicochemical characteristics of various metabolites that make EPAC-N confer the ability of the existence of a EPAC-N different for each fertilizer family. Furthermore, the organic nature allows rapid absorption of the chemicals mixed with it, enabling a significant reduction in the amounts of chemicals applied and rejection losses.

Advantage

[0292] The secondary metabolites of EPAC-N interact with chemicals formulated as plant nutrients in intensive crops. EPAC-N prevents loss or product, changes low adhesion of nutrients to the leaves of plants thereby increasing their effectiveness. Secondary metabolites of EPAC-N reduce the physical and mechanical resistance of plants, both in the roots and leaves to the adherence of the chemical molecules.

[0293] EPAC-N decreases the toxicity of the chemicals to the beneficial soil biota and reduces the nutritional potential for pathogenic microorganisms. EPAC-N reduces leaching of agricultural nutrient in soils.

EPAC-N as Chemical Fertilizer Enhancer

[0294] Under natural conditions the soils should contain all the essential elements required for plant development, however, in most cases they are not sufficient to obtain high yields and good crop quality due to nutrient depletion. An infertile soil produces less, has less vegetation and is more exposed to erosion. This brings about low yields and poor quality of the crop.

[0295] To achieve the highest possible yields, the loss of nutrients should be limited, or nutrients must be added, therefore the use of fertilizers has become indispensable. When no fertilizer is used, it results in lower harvest yields because of the gradual impoverishment of the soil nutrients.

[0296] The integration of fertilizers into favorable agricultural practices provides for the addition of the nutrients that plants need, in sufficient quantities, in balanced proportions, in the required available form, and in the period that plants require for sustainable agriculture.

Mode of Action EPAC-N

[0297] The movement of plant fertilizers depends on the absorption capacity and the demand for fertilizer, so that this movement involves different interconnected metabolic processes such as: (a) contact or retention of the product, (b) uptake, (c) translocation and utilization within the plant soil and transport to the roots and leaves for uptake and translocation,

Contact or Retention of the Product

[0298] At this stage, the fertilizer is applied on the surface of the leaves or soil. It is recommended that the fertilizer is maintained in contact with the leaves or soil as long as possible to increase the probability of being absorbed. Mixed with conventional fertilizer EPAC-N is favored during the contact with the ground through its organic properties. EPAC-N increases cuticle permeability leading to the nutrients being maintained longer in contact with the leaf surface. The complex EPAC-N/Fertilizer is easily contacted by the plant through its functional properties and is recognized as a nutrient, thus naturally and rapidly absorbed.

Absorption

[0299] Once the EPAC-N-Fertilizer complex has contacted the ground, subsequentabsorption and transport occurs through the plant cells' different layers. Absorption in leaves and other aerial parts of the plants is regulated by the epidermal cells of the external walls of the leaves. Nutrientspenetrate leaves through the stomata found in the beam or underside of the leaves and also through spaces termed submicroscopic ectodesmos in leaves, which expand the cuticles of the leaves' gaps, allowing nutrient penetration to occur.

[0300] The absorption of nutrients through the leaves is affected by external factors such as the concentration of the product, nutrients involved, the companion ion application technology, conditions and environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind, as well as by internal factors such as metabolic activity.

[0301] The nutrients can be absorbed in the form of molecules or ions. The plant takes its mineral nutrients in ionic form, but eventually molecules are absorbed, either by the leaf or root. The size of the molecule affects absorption; very large molecules have very little chance of entering the cell. Conventional fertilizer mixed with EPAC-N not only increases their chances of being absorbed on contact with the ground because EPAC-N favors the breaking of intermolecular forces in the fertilizer, facilitating binding and organic enhancement and natural penetration into plant.

Translocation

[0302] During this process the EPAC-N/Fertilizer complex is mobilized to the organs of the plant being transported from the epidermal cells to the plant organs where it is required, which cross intercellular spaces (apoplast) or cells of different tissues (symplast). Once the nutrients reach the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem especially), mobility is dramatically accelerated to target tissues. Transport of nutrients to the root, the uptake and translocation of the same, all occurs simultaneously. Therefore, if a change occurs in one of these processes the others are affected. In other words, if a process becomes slow, this will be a limiting factor in the absorption and translocation of nutrients in the plant. The plant's response to the application of organic fertilizer enhancer such as EPAC-N is to invigorate and stimulate vegetation in producing nutrients naturally.

EPAC-G: Enhancer Organic Chemicals Germicides

[0303] EPAC-G is a product of organic origin that helps to enhance a variety of germicides of chemical origin. It may be added to different existing molecules as edaphic or foliar application. Each EPAC-G is designed for a specific chemical germicide family in order to minimize the active ingredient while substantially maintaining or increasing their effectiveness.

[0304] EPAC-G consists of secondary metabolites that interact with chemicals formulated as germicides for phytosanitary control in intensive crops. Its composition increases stability and compatibility between different agricultural molecules and attraction between different molecules and enhances their germicidal use in control of microorganisms, which ensures greater homogenization, greatest potential applications and control of active ingredient per unit.

[0305] EPAC-G increases the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to active ingredients designed for phytosanitary control and in turn the mechanisms of resistance of plants making them more proactive in treatment control. EPAC-G decreases formulation requirements, helping agrochemicals to exhibit low leachability in soils, which favors the reduction of pollutants in the environment.

Composition and Characteristics

[0306] EPAC-G is the result of fermentation processes from plant materials (to which are added after fermentation Horsetail LeavesEsquisetum arvense and Powdered Cinnamon. Cinnamomum zeylanicum) containing a mixture of secondary metabolites that allow it to interact with various germicides. The physicochemical characteristics of various metabolites that make EPAC-G confer the enhancement ability of EPAC-G for each germicide family Furthermore, the organic nature allows rapid absorption of the chemicals mixed with it, enabling a significant reduction in the amounts of chemicals applied and rejection losses.

Advantage

[0307] The secondary metabolites of EPAC-G increases stability and compatibility between different agricultural molecules and their germicidal agricultural use. EPAC-G enhances germicidal molecules, which ensures greater homogenization, greatest potential applications and control of active ingredient per unit. The organic composition of EPAC-G increases the sensitivity of the phythopathogenic microorganisms to the active ingredients designed for control them, by enhancing the effects of chemicals with a lower dose of germicidal product.

[0308] EPAC-G increases the resistance mechanisms of the plants, making them more proactive in treatment control. EPAC-G secondary metabolites prevent low adhesion losses of active elements of germicides in plant leaves. They also reduce chemical stress on the beneficial microorganisms and plants.

Mode of Action EPAC-G

[0309] Although there are differences among microorganisms that attack plants: fungi, bacteria and viruses, all germicides have a mode of action with similar characteristics. All germicides generally must make contact with the pathogen, be absorbed and then translocated.

Contact

[0310] All biocides affect microorganisms by any of the following mechanisms of action: denaturation of proteins, cell membrane rupture, removing sulfhydryl groups, antagonism and chemical oxidation. To exercise this mechanism of action a germicide must first make contact with the microorganism and enter it. The functional properties of EPAC-G decreases the surface tension of water upon germicidal application of EPAC-G/Germicidal complex, therefore increasing the permeability of the cell membrane of pathogens, facilitating entry and exit of water protoplasm and making the cells burst. Thus, all biochemical reactions dependent on these enzymes are inhibited in the wall of the bacteria or mycelial fungi spore, and distort cell membrane permeability. Cell membrane rupture and distortion of essential proteins occurs in the cytoplasm (plasmolysis) and causes cell death, in addition to the dissolution of pathogenic virus capsid.

[0311] All conventional germicides are highly toxic, however, microorganisms have the ability to develop resistance mechanisms to evade the effect of these products. A general feature of most is that while conventional germicides exert their effect, the pesticide molecules undergo a process of degradation. The molecules of the conventional germicide enhanced with EPAC-G reduce their chemical oxydation capacity, remaining longer on the plant. At the same time, the biological oxydation of this substance is increased, so the chemical residuals left on the soil and waters degrade faster.

Absorption

[0312] Once contact has been made, the EPAC-G/Germicidal complex must accumulate to reach a lethal or inhibitory concentration for the microorganism. During the absorption process through the microorganism it must penetrate through the germ tube or the cellular membrane. The EPAC-G/-Germicidal complex absorbed by plants, provide active defense mechanisms producing secondary metabolites that counteract the attack of pathogens reducing its devastating effect.

Translocation

[0313] The germicidal composition should interfere with cell metabolism in one or more sites of action. Due to the properties of EPAC-G, plants exhibit more rapid remission of symptoms, better vegetative development, strengthening the tissues to prevent pathogen attack, improves the defense mechanisms, and provide effective control against phythopathogenic microorganisms.

[0314] EPAC-G's are combined with germicides such as Mancozeb, Tricyclazole, Carbendazim, Hexaconazole, Metalaxyl, Benomyl, Difenoconazole, Propiconazole, Kitazin, Tebuconazole, Copper oxychloride, Copper hydroxide, Tridemorph, Propineb, Hexachlorophene, Dichlorophen, Bronopol, Copper Hydroxide, Cresol, Dipyrithione, Dodicin, Fenaminosulf, Formaldehyde, 8-Hydroxyquinoline Sulfate, Kasugamycin, Nitrapyrin, Octhilinone, Oxytetracycline, Probenazole, Streptomycin, Tecloftalam and Thiomerosal and mixtures thereof.

[0315] It should be emphasized that the enhancers of the invention can also be combined with other chemical products to enhance their activity. Other chemical products include household chemicals such as detergents, mold removers, bleach chemicals, surface cleaners that include antibactericidal agents, antifungal agents. Additional products include, industrial chemicals, and medicinal the micals. Among medicinal chemicals that can be enhanced include chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Particular anticancer agents include cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, temozolomide, capecitabine, 5-fluoro uracil, methotrexate, gemcitabine, pemetrexed, mitomycin, bleomycin, epirubicin, doxorubicin (pegylated liposomal), etoposide, paclitaxel, irinotecan, docetaxel, vincristine, carboplatin, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, cetuximab, gefitinib, imatinib, trastuzumab, denosumab, rituximab, sunitinib, zoledronate, abiraterone, anastrozole, bicalutamide, exemestane, goserelin, medroxy-progesterone, octreotide, tamoxifen, bendamustine, carmustine, chlorambucil, lomustine, melphalan, procarbazine, streptozocin, fludarabine, raltitrexed, actinomycin d/dactinomycin, doxorubicin, mitoxantrone, eribulin, topotecan, vinblastine, vinorelbine, afatinib, aflibercept, bcg, crizotinib, dabrafenib, interferon, ipilimumab, lapatinib, nivolumab, panitumumab, pembrolizumab, pertuzumab, sorafenib, trastuzumab, temsirolimus, vemurafenib, ibandronic acid, pamidronate, bexarotene, buserelin, cyproterone, degarelix, folinic acid, fulvestrant, lanreotide, lenalidomide, letrozole, leuprorelin, megestrol, mesna and thalidomide, combinations thereof as well as all FDA approved chemotherapeutic agents for all diseases.

EXAMPLES

[0316] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the following examples are representative of the present invention. All formulations herein described may be further optimized, as all such further development should be considered within the scope of the present invention.

[0317] The herbicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, miticidal and pesticidal action of the compositions described herein can be seen from the examples which follow. While the individual active compounds may show weaknesses in their action as an individual agent, the combination shows a synergistic action, namely that which exceeds a simple sum of the components.

Example I

[0318] The enhancer of the invention is made from a multiplicity of natural materials including essential oils. The enhancer has a multiplicity of components that are manufactured separately first and then mixed with other phytochemicals by processes described herewith.

[0319] All water used in the methods of the invention is potable water which has been pre-treated overnight (at least 8 hours) with a metal such as copper, aluminum, iron, gold, platinum, palladiun, silver as well as other metals from the periodic table which are not reactive or toxic with water. The metal can be in the form of a powdered metal, metal flakes, metallic sheets, or metal screens or plaques having a multiplicity of voids. This water is referred to as biodynamic water. The water after treated with a metal may also be treated with ambient air that has been ionized using an ionizer.

Part A

[0320] The following components (Table 5) are used to make Part A using the stepwise procedure outline below:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 AMOUNT INGREDIENTS (Kg) Red Beans 0.1 Peas 0.1 Yellow Corn 0.1 White Rice 5.0 Sea Salt (Without Iodine) 0.02 Urea (Or Organic Nitrogen Source) 5.0 Biodynamic Water 19.61 Bio- Bacillus Megaterium Or Yeast 0.05 Ingredients Water Total Product 30.0 Kg

[0321] 1. Place the red beans, peas and corn in a pressure cooker or autoclave with 300 cc of biodynamic water and then cook for 30 minutes.

[0322] 2. Place rice in rice cooker(s) together with the contents of the pressure cooker described in #1 above. (Do not wash rice). If more than one rice cooker is used, distribute the resulting content of pressure cooker in proportion to the 5 kg of white rice. Follow the cooking instructions of the rice cooker and cook the rice mixture. All water added to rice cooker according to instructions should be biodynamic water.

[0323] 3. Place the content of the rice cookers in a 30-liter container with sufficient water so that blender operates properly. Blend until totally homogenized ( to 1 minute)

[0324] 4. Add Urea (or equivalent of organic nitrogen source for a 100% organic product)

[0325] 5. Add salt

[0326] 6. Add remainder of water while continuing to mix with blender until fully homogenized.

[0327] 7. Seal container.

[0328] 8. Part A is now complete to use as ingredient in the preparation of EPAC precursors.

Example II

Part B

[0329] The following components are used to make Part B using the stepwise procedure outline below:

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 INGREDIENTS Amount Banana Essential Oil 600 cc Cinnamon Essencial Oil 600 cc Coconut Essential Oil 600 cc Vanilla Essential Oil 1.200 cc Urea or other nitrogen source 25 kg. Biodynamic Water Balance to complete 130 L Total Product 130.0 Kg

[0330] 1. In an empty 130-liter container place:

[0331] a. The Essential oils

[0332] b. Urea

[0333] c. Add the biodynamic water until filling the container to 130 L while blending with a blender until all materials are fully homogenized (about 3 minutes).

[0334] d. Place in 30-liter containers and seal hermetically.

[0335] e. Part B is now complete for future use as an ingredient for preparation of EPAC precursors.

Example III

Part C

Preparation of Yeast Water

[0336] One Liter of Yeast Water is made using 100 grams of yeast (Saccaromyces cerviciae) traditionally used for bread making and then the balance is biodynamic water to make one liter. The yeast water is made by mixing 100 gr. of yeast with an amount of water sufficient to complete one liter. The containers are then sealed.

[0337] In other embodiments the yeast may be replaced by bacillus subtillis and/or bacillus megaterium, in the same quantity.

Example IV

Part D

[0338] A 50:50 mixture of the minerals listed in table 7 is prepared by mixing the two minerals and grinding as needed to the make the material powdery.

The mineral composition in the formula is derived from mines in the Valle del Cauca region of Colombia and consists of a 50:50 mixture of two minerals having the following elements as the major components (content is reported in ppm):

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Mineral 1 Mineral 2 Element Content in ppm Content in ppm Ba 6.5 150 Ca 53000 180000 Ce 0.25 2 Co 0.25 2.2 Cu 0.25 0.25 Sr 510 750 Fe 140 8300 La 0.25 1.8 Mg 4300 3200 Mn 20 170 Mo 0.25 0.51 P 2.5 220 K 2.5 47 Se 2 0.55 Si Na 7.5 83 Zn 5.9 93

Example V

Part E

[0339] Part E is made by using parts A-D as prepared above and hydrogen peroxide and additional biodynamic water as per the following steps:

[0340] 1. Part A is fermented for 8 days after adding one liter of Part C and 10 grams of part D.

[0341] 2. After the eight days of storage the product is subjected to several filtrations using a filter provided with metallic mesh of 40 microns and then the liquid is recirculated with help of a pump in order to make sure the all the fine particles that could be present in the remaining biomass of the filtration could be removed.

[0342] 3. The filtered product is then mixed with part B and further recirculated with the help of a diaphragm pump through a pipeline exposed to an electromagnetic field (2-10,000 gauss). Additionally the product is exposed to light stimulus which may include UV light or simply blue and green light.

[0343] 4. The product after step 3 is treated with about 4.8 liters of 50% hydrogen peroxide and then packaged in suitable containers.

[0344] Part E is used to make the enhancers of the invention as shown in the further Examples below.

Example VI

Preparation of Specialized Phytoadditives

[0345] The manufacturing process of EPACs requires the addition to Part E of a specializing ingredient to which we refer as a phytoadditive. Each phytoadditive is manufactured for the specific type of agricultural chemical that it will optimize, whether it is a herbicide (phytoadditive-H), an insecticide (phytoadditive-I), or a fungicide or bactericide (phytoadditive-F).

[0346] 1. Preparation of Phytoadditives

[0347] The following procedures are used for the preparation of 130 Liters of phytoadditives, which are then mixed with 6,000 liters of part E.

[0348] a. For every cubic meter (1,000 liters) of previously prepared biodynamic water insert a biodynamic plaque made out of copper or other highly conductive material (Cu, Ag, Au, etc.), connected by copper (or similar conductive material) wire to a second biodynamic plaque.

[0349] b. Place a 30 L container next to each cubic meter container and place the second biodynamic plaque inside.

[0350] c. Then, depending on the specialization of the phytoadditive being produced, place in the 30 L container one of the following ingredients (Specializing Agents):

[0351] i. phytoadditive-H (Herbicide): 100-200 cc of glyphosate

[0352] ii. phytoadditive-I (Insecticide): 100-200 cc of Neem oil

[0353] iii. phytoadditive-F (Germicidefungicide or bactericide): 100-200 cc of citronella oil or limonello oil.

[0354] iv. The amount used, varying between 100 and 200 cc depending on the purity and concentration of the Specializing Agent being used.

[0355] d. Allow the above experimental set up to stand overnight minimum (8 hours) with one plaque submerged in the biodynamic water and the other submerged in the 30 L container with the Specializing Agent indicated above in c. i, ii, or iii.

[0356] e. After standing overnight, throw away the contents of the 301 container. Avoid contamination of anything else with this content.

[0357] f. Use the specialized biodynamic water prepared above for the following steps in preparing the specialized phytoadditives.

[0358] g. Cook the indicated material and quantities shown in table 8 below (depending on the type of phytoadditive being prepared) placing the specific material(s) in biodynamic water at a ratio of 1:1 (same amount of biodynamic water as the volume of the specific material). Cook in pressure cooker or autoclave for one half (0.5 Hrs) hour.

[0359] h. Mix with 20 Liters of biodynamic water to wash out materials. Gently mix thoroughly and filter to separate the solids.

[0360] i. Discard solids and use the liquid from this process.

[0361] j. The result is the specialized phytoadditive.

[0362] k. Mix at a ratio of 130 L of specialized phytoadditive to 6,000 L of Part E to produce EPAC-H, EPAC-I and EPAC-F.

[0363] l. The resulting mixture is then treated through a pipeline exposed to an electromagnetic (2-10,000 gauss) field for 8 hours, alternating, one hour on, one hour off. While the mixture is passed through the pipeline, it is also exposed to either UV light or blue and green light.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 FUNCTION COMPONENT Herbicida -EPAC- 1,083 gm - Helecho Marranero Foliage. Pteridium H aquilinum Fungicida 542 gm - Cola De Caballo Leaves. esquisetum Bactericida arvense EPAC-F 542 gm - Powdered Cinnamon. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Insecticida 542 gm - Garlic Cloves. Allium sativum EPAC-I 542 gm - Tabasco Pepper Fruits. Capsicum frutescens Fertilizante 1,083 gm - Pasto Kikuyo Seeds. Pennisetum clandestinum
The indicated amounts are for each batch of 130 liters of Specialized phytoadditive.

Example VII

Evaluations in the Field and Laboratory

[0364] The amount of Epac added in each trial refers to the percentage added based on the total amount of active in the commercial product. Also, the term Ha stands for hectarea which is equivalent to 2.47 acres.

Glyphosate Enhancement by EPAC-H

[0365] EPAC efficiency enhancer-H with glyphosate has been demonstrated in the field. A study was performed with glyphosate to control different species of weeds in rice fields in two locations in Tolima, Colombia (Town 1: Finca Lot Pool, Venadillo and City 2: Villa Isabel, Ambalema) based on an average basis of Fossel application 480 (Glyphosate as the active ingredient) 4 ml/1 with the addition of EPAC-H in a 1 to 10 with respect to active ingredient of the product applied.

[0366] The results after five days of treatment was effective control of the different weed species that were evaluated and observed in the locality 1 using 2.8 L/Ha+EPAC-H 192 ml (70% Glyphosate) was the combination presented greater control as an enhancer of Glyphosate; whereas site 2 combinations 2.8 L/ha glyphosate+EPAC-H 192 ml (70% glyphosate) and 2 L/ha glyphosate+EPAC-H 96 ml (50% Glyphosate) were found fit for work, suggesting that is feasible to decrease the dose of glyphosate in field conditions without altering the effectiveness and contrast enhancing effect through the addition of EPAC.

[0367] FIG. 10 illustrates with photos the results obtained with EPAC-H as an enhancer of Glyphosate (Fossel 480 SL) in a rice crop in Tolima (A. and C. Pretreatment plots, B. and D. plots after treatment with 480 SL powered Fossel with EPAC-H).

[0368] The effectiveness of EPAC-H also was demonstrated in other parts of the country as evidenced by a field assessment conducted in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca. For this study, 480 Fossel 3 liters (Glyphosate as the active ingredient) per hectare is used, for foliar application with motomochila and combinations thereof was performed using the enhancer EPAC-H. The result was the effective weed control until after 30 days of application using only 50% of Glyphosate+10% EPAC-H, suggesting the feasibility of reducing the use of chemical herbicides again.

[0369] The FIG. 11 photographs also show the results of the field evaluation conducted in the municipality of Palmira, Valle del Cauca using 50% Glyphosate+10% EPAC-H.

Example VIII

Bispyribac Enhancement by EPAC-H

[0370] EPAC-H efficiency enhancer for bispyribac for weed control in growing corn was evaluated in trials trays. Starting from an average Glistec application base (bispyribac as an active ingredient) to 400 g/L at a dose of 125 ml/ha, with the addition of accompanying product (EPAC-H) in a ratio of 1 to 10% with respect to active ingredient product applied.

[0371] The FIG. 12 photos show the results of the evaluation of effectiveness of EPAC-H as a bispyribac enhancer 400 SC for control of weeds in growing corn. A denotes trays pretreatment (T4: Glistec 50 without EPAC-H/Glistec 50 EPAC-H 5%), B. Trays after treatment (T1: Glistec 100 without EPAC-Hb/Glistec 50 EPAC-H 5%.).

[0372] The result was that 50%+5% EPAC bispyribac-H has a 100% higher than performance bispyribac, demonstrating the effectiveness of EPAC-H as bispyribac enhancer while demonstrating the viability of reducing the dose of the herbicide.

Example IX

Examples of Applications Epac-IMethamidophos

[0373] Methamidophos is an insecticide with organophosphate group, its chemical name is O, S-dimethyl-phosphoramidothioate. It is a systemic insecticide that acts by contact and ingestion and is used to control sucking and chewing insects that attack crops like corn, potatoes, broccoli, grapes and cotton. It affects the central nervous system by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, resulting in the accumulation of acetylcholine, resulting in muscle overstimulation followed by death of the insect.

Laboratory Evaluation

Enhancement of Methamidophos by EPAC-I

[0374] The effectiveness of EPAC-I as a methamidophos enhancer was demonstrated in the laboratory. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, one of the most important pests worldwide was used in the study under experimental conditions to test the effectiveness of EPAC-I with nymphs and adults of whitefly.

[0375] The effectiveness of EPAC-I on second instar nymphs of T. vaporariorum was done by evaluation of mortality rates by direct and indirect contact.

[0376] For the realization of the performance of EPAC-I when used in tomato plants, five leaflets were taken on which a trap clamp into which two pairs of whitefly adults were introduced. Three days after the clamps were removed and the eggs were counted per leaflet, monitoring was conducted on the eggs until they passed the nymph stage II, at which time they were sprayed with the respective treatments.

[0377] Product application was performed using a microapplicator (airbrush) at a distance of 15 cm and an angle of 45 degrees on the application unit, achieving a uniform coverage with fine droplets. The quality was verified through application of a strip (22 cm) of water-sensitive paper.

[0378] 5 experimental units per treatment were mounted, and the test plants were kept in a room with controlled temperature (201 C.), relative humidity (7010%) and photoperiod of 12 h. The implemented experimental design was completely randomized with the measured variable survival rate at 10 days after application.

[0379] After 10 days of evaluation the highest mortality (96.7%) was obtained using 50% Methamidophos with 10% EPAC-I.

Example X

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Methamidophos/EPAC-I with Adult T. vaporariorum

[0380] The effectiveness of EPAC-I was assessed with adult T. vaporariorum under experimental conditions taking into account the percentage of mortality by direct and indirect contact with the insects.

[0381] The completion of the performance test EPAC-I with adults of T. vaporariorum was carried out directly on whitefly adults collected from breeding individuals in the Bio-Systems Center. These were placed in a box with mesh which allows passage of the droplets in the spray. Product application was performed with an airbrush at a distance of 30 cm and a 45 angle on the application unit, achieving a uniform coverage with fine droplets. The quality was verified through application of a strip (22 cm) of water-sensitive paper.

[0382] To assemble the test, from tomato plants we selected randomly 5 leaflets per treatment and then were sprayed and once dried, in each bags mesh were placed into which 10 adults whiteflies were placed, and each of these units was duly marked according to the assessed treatment. Tomato plants with the evaluation units were maintained in a room with controlled temperature (201 C.), relative humidity (7010%) and photoperiod of 12 h. The evaluation design was completely randomized and readings from day one after application to day 10 were performed.

[0383] After the number of testing days, the treatment Metamidofos 50%-10% EPAC-I had the highest percentage of mortality. See FIG. 49.

Example XI

Laboratory Evaluation

Azoxystrobin Enhancement by EPAC-F

[0384] The effectiveness of EPAC-F as an enhancer of Azoxystrobin has been demonstrated in the laboratory of the CIB (Biological Research Corporation) located in Medellin. In a study in experimental conditions the effectiveness of EPAC-F was evaluated by a sensitivity test to Mycosphaerella fijiensis (from a banana farm in Santa Marta), causal agent of Black Sigatoka, following the recommendations of the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) to strobilurin fungicides from.

[0385] The test is based on measuring the length elongation ascospore germ tube that germinated in culture medium 2% agar, modified with a number of products made by mixing the adjuvant, EPAC-F and fungicide Liege 25 SC, whose active ingredient is Azoxystrobin 250 g/L. Then the following 11 treatments were evaluated are as follows:

T1. Azoxystrobin 25% SC 100 at a dose of 400 cc/Ha.
T2. Azoxystrobin 25 SC 50% at doses of 400 cc/Ha.+EPAC 10%
T3. Azoxystrobin 25 SC 50% at doses of 400 cc/Ha.+EPAC 20%
T4. Azoxystrobin 25 SC 70% at doses of 400 cc/Ha.+EPAC 10%
T5. Azoxystrobin 25 SC 60% at doses of 400 cc/Ha.+EPAC 10%
T1A. Azoxystrobin SC 25 50% at doses of 200 cc/Ha.+EPAC5%
T2A. Azoxystrobin SC 25 50% at doses of 200 cc/Ha.+10% EPAC
T3A. Azoxystrobin SC 25 50% at doses of 200 cc/Ha.+15% EPAC
T4A. Azoxystrobin SC 25 25% at doses of 200 cc/Ha.+10% EPAC
T5A. Azoxystrobin SC 25 25% at doses of 200 cc/Ha.+15% EPAC

Azoxystrobin: Amystar 500 g/l

[0386] The control process involved the use of fungicide Amystar 50 WG with the active ingredient Azoxystrobin 500 g/L. This product is considered direct competition from Feudal 25 SC. The spray form of the combinations was done by airbrush.

Results

[0387] The success of this step was to get the lowest percentage of germination of ascospores, therefore, T5A (EPAC Azoxystrobin 25%+15%) was considered the best treatment. Finally germinated ascospores elongation was evaluated. The success of this step was to get the lowest number of ascospores germinated more than 150 m elongation, in this case the best treatments were the T4, T1A and T5A.

Study Findings

[0388] Among the products evaluated the strongest result has the T5A with 37% of ascospores more than 150 m, like a lower germination percentage elongation reported. This percentage of 37% exceeded by more than double that achieved by the Amystar control. This test (T5A) constitutes the best result to date, because it is a test that was run with 25% active ingredient.

[0389] The following additional examples are offered by way of illustration of the preferred embodiments and not by way of limitation, with the true scope of the invention being indicated by the claims which follow.

Example XII

[0390] This example further describes the preparation of another facultative fermentation product.

Preparation of Base Fermentation Product

[0391] day 1
Rice (300 grams) (The rice can be white rice, wild rice or rice in the shell)
Corn (300 grams)
Yucca (300 grams)
1.5 liters of potable water treated with a metal from the elements in the period table where Cu is a member.
Cook at 90 degrees celsius and boil for 5 minutes. Then blend with additional water to a total of 19.5 liters of water. Place in a facultative reactor for five days, so that inherent bacteria, molds and yeasts transform their starches and sugars. Let stand for 3 more days and then filter through a porous fabric and add 10 liters of boiling water and gently mix to achieve uniformity and let cool.

[0392] The above mixture can also be fermented with Baker's yeast a00 gr of saccharomices cerviciae

Example XIII

Preparation of Specific Facultative Fermentation Products

Day 1

[0393] Separate fermentation products are prepared to give specific end use character to each of the EPAC products.

The following materials are use for each specific use:

Herbicide: Fern Foliage MarraneroPteridium Aquilinum

[0394] Fungicida/Bactericide: Horsetail FernEsquisetum Arvensecanela Powder. Cinnamomum Zeylanicum

Insecticide: Garlic ClovesAllium Sativumfrutos, Pepper TabascoCapsicum Frutescens

[0395] Fertilizer: Grass Seed Kikuyo. Pennisetum Clandestinum
For The Preparation Of Specific fermented products use 500 Grams of the above Plant Input (If Two Inputs then 250 Grams Each)
Cook In 1.5 Liters Of Water at 90 Degrees Celsius and then Boil For 5 Minutes.
The product is blended with water and supplemented with additional water to a volume of 19.5 litres. Optionally leave in a facultative reactor for five days, so that bacteria, molds and yeasts transform their starches and sugars. process presents strictly no alcoholic fermentation.

Day 8

[0396] The fermented blend is filtered through fabric. and then add 10 litres of boiling water and gently mixing to achieve uniformity and let cool. At the end of the process blend Example XII product with the different products of Example XIII

[0397] The EPAC product is recirculated through tubing exposed to a magnetic field generated byneodymium magnets and while recirculated ionized air is also injected and also recirculated while exposed to blue and green light for 8 hours.

[0398] Numerous field trials were done with the enhancers and the following agricultural chemicals: Glyphosate, Paraquat, Atrazine, Picloram, 2,4-D, Picloram+2,4-D, Clomazone, Oxadiazone, Pendimenthaline, Methamidophos, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, Profenophos, Axozystrobin, Difenoconazole, Abamectin, Propanil, Propanil plus Clomazone, Butachlor, and Butachlor plus Pendimethalin. The results of all the trials are summarized in Table 9 and in FIGS. 15-55.

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Date Product Crop Started Date Ended Purpose Weeds Results Obtained A) Glyphostate B) Gly 50% + % of Weeds Controlled 100% EPAC 10% B A Glyphosate Rice Jun. 27, Jul. 12, 2104 Weed Control Piita 83 95 12 2014 (Murdania Nudiflora) Leptocloa 100 100 0 Guardarocio 82 100 18 (Digitaria Sanguinalis) Cortadera 90 100 10 (Cortaderia Selloana) Liendrepuerco 93 93 0 (Echinochia Colonum) A) Paraquat B) Paraq. 40% + Crop Dissecation 100% EPAC 4% B A Paraquat Corn 2/3/205 Feb. 7, 2015 Crop Dissecation % of Crop Dissecated 100 100 0 B) Atraz. 50% + A) Atrazine EPAC % of Weeds Controlled 100% 10%% B A Atrazine Corn Feb. 20, Mar. 13, 2015 Weed Control - 7 Days 93% 90% 3% 2015 Coquito (Cyperus 14 Days 90% 90% 0% rotundus) 21 Days 90% 93% 3% A) Picloram + 2,4- B) Piclor. 50% + % of Weeds Controlled D 100% EPAC 10% B A Picloram + Pasture Feb. 26, Mar. 19, 2015 Weed Control - 7 Days 87% 93% 6.6% 2,4-D Fields 2015 Dormidera 14 Days 87% 93% 6.6% (Mimosa Pudica) 21 Days 83% 87% 3.4% B) Clomaz. A) Clomazone 50% + EPAC % of Weeds Controlled 100% 10% B A Clomazone Rice 20-Nov Dec. 5, 2014 Weed Control - 3 Days 97% 93% 3.7% Fields Paja de Zorro 8 Days 93% 100% 6.7% (Leptochloa 15 Days 100% 100% 0.0% filiformis) B) Butach. 50% + EPAC 10% B A 3 Days 93% 87% 6.3% 8 Days 100% 90% 10.0% 15 Days 100% 100% 0.0% A) Oxadiazone B) Oxad. 50% + % of Weeds Controlled 100% EPAC 10% B A Oxadiazone Rice Oct. 29, Dec. 3, 2014 Weed Control - 3 Days 87% 90% 3.3% Fields 2014 Bledo 8 Days 97% 100% 3.3% (Amaranthus 15 Days 100% 100% 0.0% Albus) A) B) Pendam. Pendimethaline 50% + EPAC % of Weeds Controlled 100% 10% B A Pendimenthaline Rice Nov. 15, Dec. 1, 2014 Weed Control - 3 Days 86.7 83.3 3.4 Fields 2014 Falsa Caminadora 8 Days 96.7 96.7 0 (Ischaemum 15 Days 93 100 7 rugosum) A) B) Metam. Metamidophos 50% + EPAC % of Pest Controlled 100% 10% B A Metamidhophos Tomato May 26, Jun. 5, 2014 Pest Control - 1 Day 10% 28% 18.0% Crops 2014 White Fly 4 Days 30% 47% 17.0% (Aleyrodidae) 6 Days 42% 71% 29.0% 8 Days 46% 78% 32.0% 10 Days 50% 83% 33.0% A) B) Chlorp. Chlorpyrifos 50% + EPAC % of Pest Controlled 100% 10% B A Chlorpyrifos Coffe Feb. 23, Mar. 16, 2015 Pest Control - 7 Days 88% 88% 0.0% Fields 2015 Coffe Borer 14 Days 83% 85% 1.7% Beetle 21 Days 73% 80% 6.7% A) B) Cyperm. Cypermethrin 50% + EPAC % of Pest Controlled 100% 10% B A Cypermethrin Tomato Nov. 26, Dec. 11, 2014 Pest Control - 3 Days 90% 94% 4% Crops 2014 White Fly 8 Days 87% 96% 9% (Aleyrodidae) 15 Days 76% 92% 16% A) B) Profen. Profenophos 50% + EPAC % of Pest Controlled 100% 20% B A Profenophos Tomato Feb. 26, Mar. 19, 2015 Pest Control - 7 Days 92% 90% 2% Crops 2015 White Fly 12 Days 82% 83% 2% (Aleyrodidae) 15 Days 75% 80% 5% A) B) Azoxyst. Fungus Axozystrobin 25% + EPAC Inhibition 100% 15% B A Axozystrobin Banana Nov. 24, Dec. 5, 2014 Fungus Control - % Ascospore 24% 37% 13% Crops 2012 Black Sigatoka Germination Inhibited (Mycosphaerella % Ascospore elongation 37% 70% 33% fijiensis) Inhibition (>150 microm)

[0399] The content of all references cited in the instant specification and all cited references in each of those references are incorporated in their entirety by reference herein as if those references were denoted in the text

[0400] While the many embodiments of the invention have been disclosed (Angres) above and include presently preferred embodiments, many other embodiments and variations are possible within the scope of the present disclosure and in the appended claims that follow. Accordingly, the details of the preferred embodiments and examples provided are not to be construed as limiting. It is to be understood that the terms used herein are merely descriptive rather than limiting and that various changes, numerous equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the claimed invention.