Undetectable combining of nonaligned concurrent signals

Abstract

The approach shown provides for an efficient implementation of time response, level response and frequency response alignment between two audio sources such as DAB and FM that may be time offset from each other by as much as 2 seconds, and produces an aurally undetectable transition between the sources. Computational load is significantly reduced over the approaches known in the prior art.

Claims

1. An apparatus for blending of a Digital Audio Broadcast transmission first audio signal and a Frequency Modulated transmission second audio signal comprising: a first receiver receiving a Digital Audio Broadcast transmission; a first demodulator connected to said first receiver producing a first left audio signal and a first right audio signal from said received Digital Audio Broadcast transmission; a second receiver receiving a Frequency Modulated transmission; a second demodulator connected to said second receiver producing a second left audio signal and a second right audio signal from said received Frequency Modulated transmission; a quality of service unit connected to said first receiver, said first demodulator, said second receiver and said second demodulator, said quality of service unit producing a first quality of service indication for said received Digital Audio Broadcast transmission and a second quality of service indication for said received Frequency Modulated transmission; and a blending unit receiving said first left audio signal and said first right audio signal from said first demodulator, said second left audio signal and said second right audio signal from said second modulator and said first quality of service indication and said second quality of service indication from said quality of service unit, said blending unit operable to calculate an average envelop value of the first audio said over a time span Ts as follows:
DAB audio=DAB_Left+DAB_Right,
DAB_envelope=ABS[DAB_audio], and
DAB_Envelope_Avg=(1)*DAB_Envelope_Avg+*DAB_envelope, where: DAB_Left is said left channel of said first audio signal; DAB_Right is said right channel of said first audio signal; and is selected whereby Ts*(1)/0.1; downsample the average envelop value of said first audio signal; calculate an average envelop value of said second audio signal over the time span Ts as follows:
FM_audio=FM_Left+FM_Right,
FM_envelope=ABS[FM_audio], and
FM_Envelope_Avg=(1)*FM_Envelope_Avg+*FM_envelope, where: FM_Left is said left channel of said second audio signal; and FM_Right is said right channel of said second audio signal; downsample the average envelop value of said second audio signal; calculate a first gain adjustment for said first audio signal; calculate a second gain adjustment for said second audio signal; apply gain adjustment to said second audio signal; calculate a time delay between said first audio signal and said second audio signal; and blend said first audio signal and said second audio signal offset by said calculated time delay based upon said first Quality of Service indication and said second Quality of Service indication.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a first circular buffer connected to said first demodulator to buffer said first audio signal; a second circular buffer connected to said second demodulator to buffer said second audio signal; and wherein said first and second circular buffers have sufficient length to hold signals during a worse case time delay.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said blending unit is further operable to calculate said first gain adjustment as follows:
DAB_Envelope_Level=(1)*DAB_Envelope_Level+*DAB_envelope_Avg where: is selected whereby Ts*10*(1)/1.0.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said blending unit is further operable to calculate said second gain adjustment as follows:
FM_Envelope_Level=(1)*FM_Envelope_Level+*FM_envelope_Avg where: is selected whereby Ts*10*(1)/1.0.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said blending unit is further operable to apply gain adjustment to the second audio signal operates as follows:
FM_Gain_Adj=(DAB_Envelope_Level)/(FM_Envelope_Level),
FM_audio=FM_Gain_Adj*FM_audio.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said blending unit is further operable to calculate said time delay between the first audio signal and the second audio signal includes as follows: calculate a correlation for each value k from a worse case time delay to 0:
Audio_Corr=.sup.K[FM_Envelope_Avg[n]*DAB_Envelope_Avg[nk]]; determine a value k yielding a maximum Audio_Corr; and determine the time delay corresponding to the value k yielding the maximum Audio_Corr.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: said blending unit is further operable to blend the first audio signal and the second audio signal offset by the calculated time delay as follows set a minimum acceptable Quality of Service indicator thresholds for said first audio signal and said second audio signal, select a preferred audio signal as follows: if DAB_QOS<either threshold, then DAB_FM_Blend=FM offset by time delay k, else DAB_FM_Blend=DAB.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) These and other aspects of this invention are illustrated in the drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one implementation of seamless audio blending;

(3) FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing an example of the gain adjust algorithm;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates the DAB and FM blending process.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(5) FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention. The DAB and FM signals are received by blocks 101 and 104 respectively. The DAB signal is demodulated and decoded in block 102, while the FM signal is demodulated in block 105. The DAB signal is then sample rate adjusted and filtered, by the Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter in block 103, while the demodulated FM signal is stereo decoded in block 106. The resultant left and right stereo signals from the two sources are then blended in blocks 107 and 110. The blending step is controlled by the quality calculation performed in block 108 and in the signal adaptation block 109.

(6) The quality calculations governing the blending process are based on signals from the preceding blocks. These signals are the Radio Frequency Signal Strength Indicators (RSSI) from blocks 101 and 104, the DAB Bit Error Rate (BER) from the DAB demodulate/decode block 102 and the Quality indicator from the FM demodulate block 105.

(7) Block 111 completes the processing by performing the required output gain adjustments.

(8) FIG. 2 shows one implementation of the gain match algorithm. Input 201 is the left DAB signal, and input 202 is the right DAB signal. In order to monitor the envelope of the monaural DAB signal the left and right components are added in block 203, and the absolute value of the sum is calculated in block 204.
DAB audio=DAB_Left+DAB_Right
DAB_envelope=ABS[DAB_audio]

(9) Block 205 then calculates the average DAB envelope over a 100 ms time span.
DAB_Envelope_Avg=(1)*DAB_Envelope_Avg+*DAB_envelope
Where Ts*(1)/0.1

(10) Similarly for the FM signal, the FM left and FM right signals on inputs 208 and 209 are summed in block 210, and the absolute value is calculated in block 211.
FM_audio=FM_LpR
FM_envelope=ABS[FM_audio]

(11) Block 212 then calculates the average FM envelope over a 100 ms time span.
FM_Envelope_Avg=(1)*FM_Envelope_Avg+*FM_envelope
Where Ts*(1)/0.1

(12) The resulting DAB and FM envelope signals are then decimated in blocks 206 and 213, and the required gain adjustment is calculated in blocks 207 and 214.
DAB_Envelope_Level=(1)*DAB_Envelope_Level+*DAB_envelope_Avg
FM_Envelope_Level=(1)*FM_Envelope_Level+*FM_envelope_Avg
Where Ts*10*(1)/1.0; Measure average level over 1000 ms.

(13) The gain adjustment thus calculated is then applied to the FM signal in block 215
FM_Gain_Adj=DAB_Envelope_Level/FM_Envelope_Level
FM_audio=FM_Gain_Adj*FM_audio

(14) Once the envelope signals are gain matched, the time delay between the DAB and the FM signals must be determined. This may be done through cross correlation. Since the envelope signals are low pass filtered, the signals may be decimated to a low rate to minimize the computational load required for cross correlation.

(15) The decimated DAB and FM envelope signals are stored in circular buffers of sufficient length to handle the worst case expected time delay between the two signals with the assumption that the DAB signal will be trailing the FM signal due to processing delays in the transmitter and receiver, as well as transport delays from the audio source. The correlation is calculated as follows:
Audio_Corr=.sup.K[FM_Envelope_Avg[n]*DAB_Envelope_Avg[nk]];
Where K=#samples to cover worse case time delay (2 sec at 1 ksp=2000 samples)

(16) The index max(Audio_corr) determines the time delay between the FM and DAB audio signals, and this index is then used to set the read point for the FM signal from the buffer.

(17) The blending of the DAB and FM signals is controlled by the quality indicators derived from information in the DASB and FM receivers/tuners. In the case of DAB, these indicators are:

(18) TABLE-US-00001 RSSI (RF Signal Strength Indicator) BER (Bit Error Rate)
For the FM signal, the following quality indicators are available:

(19) TABLE-US-00002 RSSI (RF Signal Strength Indicator) Noise Adjacent Channel Interference Multipath Interference

(20) A quality of Service (QOS) indicator may be calculated for the DAB and FM signals, and may be used in the blending process. A threshold is set representing the minimum acceptable QOS value, and the blending is performed as follows: if DAB_QOS<either threshold, DAB_FM_Blend=FM else DAB_FM_Blend=DAB

(21) Essentially, if DAB quality is sufficient the audio will remain in DAB mode, otherwise switch to the FM mode for more consistent audio performance. One implementation of the blending process is illustrated in FIG. 3.