Converter for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion, and motor, generator unit, and vehicle

Abstract

The present converter for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion comprises a pair of rotors counter-rotating in axial alignment, said rotors having rotor magnets and auxiliary rotor magnets fastened thereon, and a pair of rods moving reciprocally in opposite directions relative to one another along the axis of rotation of the rotors, said rods having rod magnets and auxiliary rod magnets fastened thereon, wherein at least some of the rotor magnets and/or the rod magnets are arranged such that their poles are disposed on several concentric cylindrical working surfaces simultaneously.

Claims

1. A converter for converting of reciprocating motion into rotary motion, comprising: a pair of rotors rotating in opposite directions to each other when the converter starts to operate, with rotor magnets fixed on the rotors, wherein poles of the rotor magnets being placed on cylindrical working surfaces of the rotors; a pair of rods moving reciprocally opposite to each other along an axis of rotation of the rotors, with rod magnets attached to the rods, wherein poles of the rod magnets being placed on cylindrical working surfaces of the rods and being separated from the cylindrical working surfaces of the rotors by gaps; poles of the same polarity of the rotor magnets being located along lines on the cylindrical working surfaces of the rotors that have at least one local maximum and one local minimum in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor, the lines and an amplitude of the reciprocal movement of the rods are such that when the poles of the magnets of one rod, being influenced by an action of magnetic forces from the rotor magnets along the lines, reach areas of local maxima of the lines of the rotors at an extreme point of movement of the poles, the poles of the other rod magnets, being influenced by an action of magnetic forces from the rotor magnets along the lines, also reach an extreme point of movement of the poles, but in areas of local minima of the lines of the rotors, the rotors being fixed on framework bearings and are not able to move along their axis, which leads to maintaining rotation of the rotors in opposite directions, wherein at least some rod magnets have their poles placed simultaneously on several concentric cylindrical working surfaces of the rods.

2. The converter of claim 1, wherein at least some rotor magnets have their poles placed simultaneously on several concentric cylindrical working surfaces of the rotors.

3. The converter of claim 2 being a part of the internal combustion engine.

4. The converter of claim 1, wherein the rotor magnets are rotating or moving relative to each other for a clutching function.

5. The converter of claim 1 being a part of the internal combustion engine.

6. The converter of claim 5 being a part of a vehicle.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) It is difficult and uninformative to show all the details of the converter or engine described in the present invention in one drawing. Therefore, different figures show only those parts which relative position explains the principle of operation.

(2) FIG. 1 Converter magnetic system with rod magnets 1, additional rod magnets 2 located on the rods 4, moving reciprocally, which is indicated by a double arrow. The rotor magnets 3 rotate together with the rotors (not shown in FIG. 1) in the corresponding directions (shown by arrows). The rods consist of a cylindrical part that provides sliding along the guide and curved plates on which the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 are directly fixed.

(3) FIG. 2 An enlarged part of the magnetic system with rod magnets 1, additional rod magnets 2 on the rods 4 and rotating together with the rotors (not shown in FIG. 2) by the rotor magnets 3. The figure shows the angle θ between the edges of the poles of the rotor magnets in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotor, which we will call the angular interpolar distance. The section plane is indicated by a dotted line, and the view on the section is indicated by a dotted arrow. The section will be shown in FIG. 3.

(4) FIG. 3 Section of the rotor magnets 3, rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotors. The figure shows the angle θ, the visibility angle of the rotor magnet ∂ and the angular distance between the rod magnet and the additional rod magnet iv. The rods in FIG. 3 are not shown. The section is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 2, the view is indicated by the dotted arrow (from the bottom).

(5) FIG. 4 Rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5. The letters S and N exemplarily indicate the poles of magnets. The poles may be positioned differently. The magnetization of the rotor magnets 3, the additional rotor magnets 5 and rod magnets 1, the additional rod magnets 2 is radial, which means that the magnetic induction vector is directed to the axis of rotation or from the axis of rotation. Only the magnets of the outer part of one rotor 6 are shown (the rotor itself in FIG. 4 is not shown).

(6) FIG. 5 One of the rotors 6 with the rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5, rotating relative to the fixed framework 7. The inner part of the rotor 6 is movable along the axis of rotation by means of a pusher 8 connected to the inner part of the rotor 6 by means of a support bearing 9. On the inner part of the rotor 6, the number of rows of magnets 3 in the axial direction is one more than on the outer part. This is necessary so that when the inner part of the rotor 6 is shifted down by the height of the magnet of the rotor 3 and the interpolar gap in the axial direction, the magnetic field from the magnets of the rotor 3 in the area where the rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 are located were close to zero. Rods and rod magnets are not shown in FIG. 5. For clarity, a cylindrical cutout is made in the framework 7, the outer part of the rotor 6 and the pusher 8. The direction of the shift (down) is indicated by arrows.

(7) FIG. 6 Cutout of the inner part of the rotor 6 with rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5, the magnets 3 of the outer part of the rotor 6 and the additional magnets of the outer part of the rotor 6. For clarity, the outer part of the rotor 6 is not shown. Part of the rods 4 with the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 are shown. The letters S and N indicate the poles of magnets. The direction of magnetization alternates in the direction of the axis of rotation.

(8) FIG. 7 Part of the engine with the converter: the connection of the outer pistons 10 with the pull rods 11 and one of the rods 4, as well as the connection of the inner pistons 10 with each other by the piston connector 12 and with the other rod 4. For clarity, the cylindrical part of the rods 4 is not shown.

(9) FIG. 8 Part of the engine with the converter: cylindrical parts of the rods 4, slide guide 13, pistons 10, pull rods 11.

(10) FIG. 9 Part of the engine with the converter: the connection of one rod 4 with the pull rods 11, and the other rod 4 with the internal piston connector 12.

(11) FIG. 10 Part of the engine with the converter: cylinder 14 with intake 15 and exhaust 16 ports. The lower part of the framework 7 and the cylindrical parts of the rods with guides are not shown.

(12) FIG. 11 General view of the engine with the converter: piston stroke limiters 17, rotor bearings 18, exhaust manifolds 19 and intake manifold 20.

(13) FIG. 12 Aircraft engine: fairing 21 and blades 22 mounted directly on the rotors 6. The intake and exhaust manifolds are not shown.

(14) FIG. 13 Automobile engine: the wheel rim 23 is mounted directly on one of the rotors 6.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(15) FIG. 1 shows the internal part of one of the versions of the proposed converter. The rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 interact with the rotor magnets 3 through the air gap. The arrows show the direction of rotation of the rotor magnets 3 and the reciprocating motion of the rods 4. The upper group of rotor magnets 3 belongs to the one rotor, the lower group belongs to the other rotor. The rotors themselves, on which the rotor magnets are fixed, as well as the bearings and framework are not shown in FIG. 1.

(16) FIG. 2 is a close-up of the rotor magnets 3, rods 4 with the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2. The dotted line shows the section line and the arrow shows the direction of view on the section. The section is shown in FIG. 3. The angle w is the angular distance between the rod magnet 1 and the additional rod magnet 2. The angle γ is the angular distance between the edges of the rotor magnet 3, in other words, the angle of visibility of the rotor magnet 3 from a point on the rotor axis in a plane perpendicular to this axis. Similarly, the angle θ is the angle of visibility of the interpolar distance of the rotor magnets 3 from a point on the rotor axis in a plane perpendicular to this axis. For the converter with the Modification, the ratio ψ=γ+∂ must be fulfilled. Providing this condition, the contribution to the magnetic force from the interaction of the rotor magnets 3 and the additional rod magnets 2 is maximal, since the magnetic force from this contribution is directed in the same direction as from the interaction of the rotor magnets 3 and rod magnets 1.

(17) FIG. 4 shows the magnets 3 of the outer part of one of the rotors, as well as additional magnets 5 of the outer part of this rotor. The letters N and S indicate the polarity of the magnets. The polarity can be different, it is only important that the polarity of the rotor magnets 3 alternates in the direction of the rotor axis, and the polarity of the additional rotor magnet 5 coincides with the polarity of the rotor magnet 3 to which it is adjacent.

(18) When the rods 4 move reciprocally by the action of an external force, the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 (if any) move relative to the rotor between the rotor magnets 3 along an equilibrium path that depends on the external load. In this case, the rods 4, moving towards each other or from each other, impact the rotor magnets 3, causing them to rotate together with the rotors.

(19) A conditional mechanical analogy is the “screw-nut” interaction, since the specified line of poles of the rotor magnets has certain slopes relative to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the rotors. The slopes can be smoothly changing from positive to negative forming the wavy line of the poles of the rotor magnets 3, or changing stepwise (permanently positive to permanently negative with a passage through zero) forming a polyline.

(20) In the interaction of the rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 of both rods 4 with both groups of rotor magnets 3 and the additional rotor magnets 5 of the rotors rotating in opposite directions, modules of the slopes shall be mostly the same in the areas of interaction of the rod magnets 1 with the rotor magnets 3, while the slopes themselves shall be the opposite. With this interaction, the rotor magnets 3 are used to the maximum, and the overall efficiency of the converter increases.

(21) The minimum and/or maximum of the specified pole line of the rotor magnets 3 can be of a certain length (the “plateau” type), as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4. This can make it possible to increase the time spent by the rod 4 near dead points, for example, to improve the gas exchange processes in the engine using the proposed converter. In addition, such a “plateau” increases the efficiency of using additional poles of the rods 2 when passing dead points.

(22) The rotors 6 rotate in the opposite directions, so reactive torques are compensated inside each rod 4 and there is no need to prevent the rods 4 from rotating around their own axis. This greatly simplifies the design and reduces friction.

(23) The maximum force of interaction of the rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 with the rotor magnets 3 is achieved if the rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 pass above the middle of interpolar gap of the rotor magnets 3. Additional rotor magnets 5 maintain a high level of magnetic interaction force when approaching dead points. For a high level of magnetic force, it is necessary that the pole of the additional rod magnet 2 were opposite to the pole of the rod magnet 1 when they are placed on the same working cylindrical surface. Then, with alternating polarities of the rotor magnets 3, the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 will interact immediately with all the nearest rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5, increasing the level of interaction magnetic force.

(24) Since the poles of the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 are placed on two concentric cylindrical working surfaces at once, each rod magnet 1 interacts simultaneously with four rotor magnets 3, and each additional rod magnet 2 also interacts simultaneously with four rotor magnets 3.

(25) To increase the magnetic force, the number of rows of rod magnets 1, additional rod magnets 2, rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5 can be increased in both axial and radial directions. At the same time, both rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2, as far as rotor magnets 3 can be placed on two cylindrical working surfaces at once. When alternating several “layers” of rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 with rotor magnets 3 in the radial direction, one of the possible schemes is that part of the rotor magnets 3 and part of the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 are placed at once on two cylindrical concentric working surfaces. When choosing the construction, you must be guided by the required diameter and length of the converter, as well as the ease of manufacture and low weight of the rods 4 with rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2.

(26) The magnetization vectors of the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2, rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5 should preferably be directed along the radii, i.e. directed to or from the axis of rotation of the rotors in a plane perpendicular to this axis.

(27) FIG. 5 shows one of the rotors 6 with the rotor magnets 3 and additional rotor magnets 5, which can rotate relative to the fixed framework 7. The inner part of the rotor 6 is movable along the axis of rotation by means of a pusher 8 connected to the inner part of the rotor 6 by means of a support bearing 9. On the inner part of the rotor 6, the number of rows of magnets 3 in the axial direction is one more than on the outer part. This is necessary so that when the inner part of the rotor 6 is shifted down by the height of the magnet of the rotor 3 and the interpolar gap in the axial direction, the magnetic field from the magnets of the rotor 3 in the area where the rod magnets 1 and the additional rod magnets 2 are located were close to zero.

(28) FIG. 6 is a close-up of the cutout of the inner part of rotor 6 with rotor magnets 3 and the additional rotor magnets 5, the magnets 3 of the outer part of the rotor 6 and the additional magnets of the outer part of the rotor 6. For clarity, the outer part of the rotor 6 is not shown. Part of the rods 4 with the rod magnets 1 and additional rod magnets 2 are shown. The letters S and N indicate the poles of magnets. The direction of magnetization alternates depending on the direction of the axis of rotation, the magnetization vector at each point of the magnets is parallel to the radius at that point (radial magnetization).

(29) To start the converter, it is desirable to impart some initial rotation to the rotor 4 in the desired direction, in case the rods 3 are at dead points and the movement direction of the rotor 4 at the beginning of their movement is not determined.

(30) FIG. 7 shows the part of the engine with the converter: the connection of the outer pistons 10 with the pull rods 11 and one of the rods 4, as well as the connection of the inner pistons 10 with each other by the piston connector 12 and with the other rod 4. For clarity, the cylindrical part of the rods 4 is not shown. The pull rods 11 must be made of a material that has a high tensile strength, since the pull rods 11 experience mainly tensile loads when the cylinders are operated alternately.

(31) FIG. 8 shows the part of the engine with the converter in the continuation of FIG. 7. It also shows the cylindrical parts of the rods 4 moving along the slide guide 13. The slide guide 13 does not experience significant loads from the rods 4 during operation and can be made, for example, of graphite or fluoropolymer.

(32) FIG. 9 shows the part of the engine with the converter: the connection of one rod 4 with the pull rods 11, and the other rod 4 with the internal piston connector 12. To increase the frequency and power of the engine, the rods 4, pull rods 11, and connector of the internal pistons 12 should be as light as possible, and can be made, for example, of carbon composite material.

(33) FIG. 10 shows the part of the engine with the converter: cylinder 14 with intake 15 and exhaust 16 ports. The lower part of the framework 7 and the cylindrical parts of the rods with guides are not shown. Arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the rotors 6.

(34) FIG. 11 shows the general view of the engine with the converter: piston stroke limiters 17, rotor bearings 18, exhaust manifolds 19 and intake manifold 20. The intake manifold 20 connects the intake ports 15 with a hose inside the slide guide 13 (are not shown in FIG. 11). Thus, the air-fuel mixture can only be supplied from one side of the engine. This is important for the aviation version of the engine shown in FIG. 12: the fairing 21 and the blades 22 are installed directly on the rotors 6. The intake and exhaust manifolds are not shown. The framework 7 can be attached directly to the wing or nose of the aircraft. The presence of opposite-rotating blades can be used in vertical take-off aircraft, such as drones, helicopters, and flying cars.

(35) An automobile engine is shown in FIG. 13: the wheel rim 23 is mounted directly on one of the rotors 6.

(36) High efficiency of the entire magnetic system is achieved with minimal air gaps. All magnetic fluxes that do not pass through the gaps should be closed by magnetic circuits, if possible. Fluxes closure can be made via the rods 4 and the rotor 6, made of materials with high magnetic permeability.

(37) The proposed converter can also be used for converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion, for example, in a pump drive. In this case, the essence of operation does not change, the transfer of energy from the rotating rotor 6 to the moving reciprocating rod 4 occurs due to the interaction of the rotor magnets 3, the additional rotor magnets 5 and rod magnets 1, the additional rod magnets 2. This variant is also used when starting the engine by an external engine (starter) or by another method of rotating the rotor 6 by an external force.

(38) In the starting mode, the rotors 6 are spun by an external force, the pistons 10 compress the air in the cylinders 14, into which the air-fuel mixture is supplied. When the fuel-air mixture self-ignites, the pistons 10 start moving in the opposite directions, moving the rods 4 and rotating the rotors 6 due to the magnetic interaction of the rod magnets 1 and rotor magnets 3, as well as additional rod magnets 2 and additional rotor magnets 5, if applicable.

(39) Engine power can be adjusted by regulating the amount of fuel mixture supplied to the cylinders 14 through the intake manifold 20. It is also possible to create an engine with direct injection of the mixture in the cylinders 14. Then air will be supplied through the intake manifold 20, and fuel will be injected directly into the cylinders 14 by injectors.

(40) The resistance of the compressed air in the cylinders 14 prevents the pistons 10 from hitting each other. The surface of the pistons 10 should be flat at high compression levels.

(41) The engine can have ceramic bearings 18 without lubrication and with air cooling. This is possible due to the fact that the torque vector is parallel to the axis of the cylinder 14, and the piston 10 does not create a side load on the wall of the cylinder 14, as well as due to the ability to use high compression ratios that provide high thermal efficiency and relatively low exhaust gas temperature.

(42) A power generating unit using an engine with the proposed converter can have field windings on the rotors 6 or permanent-magnet excitation. It can also use the rotor magnets 3 for excitation, having the poles placed on the outer or inner parts of the rotors 6. In this case, the stator of the power generating unit must cover the outer part of the rotors 6 or be located inside the inner part of the rotors 6.

(43) The Best Embodiment of the Invention

(44) The best version of the converter of reciprocating motion to rotary motion is the Modification, since the interaction magnetic force is higher while the dimensions of the converter stays the same. The best engine version will be an engine based on this converter version, the best power generating unit version will be a power generating unit version based on this converter version, and the best vehicle version will be the version based on the best engine and/or power generating unit version.

(45) The internal parts of the engine with converter according to the Modification versions are shown in FIG. 4-11.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(46) Performance capabilities of the Modification version of the engine was numerically calculated on a computer according to the method [7], which showed that with the outer diameter of the rotors 6 equal to 150 mm, the stroke of the rod 4 equal to 30 mm, and the piston diameter of 41.5 mm, the maximum power would be 12 hp at a piston vibration frequency of about 8400 per minute. The engine length was about 500 mm Such dimensions and capacity are suitable for a small vehicle or power generating unit. The power capacity can be changed if necessary by changing the size of the magnets and/or the number of magnets in the radial or axial direction, together with the change of the diameter of the cylinders. Increasing the number of rod magnets 1 and rotor magnets 3 in the radial direction is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of cylindrical concentric working surfaces.

REFERENCES

(47) 1. Sukharevsky V.V. (2016). Two-stroke internal combustion engine having magnetic motion conversing//Modern scientific research and innovation, No. 11 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://web.snaukasu/issues/2016/11/74548 (date accessed: 08.06.2018). 2. International patent application (PCT). Sukharevskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich. TWO-STROKE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING MAGNETIC MOTION CONVERSING. WO2018088925 (A1) published on 17 May 2018 with the priority date 14 Nov. 2016. 3. Sukharevsky V.V. (2014). Converter of reciprocating motion to rotary motion and a two-cylinder engine based on it//Modern scientific research and innovation, N° 10, Part 1 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://web.snaukasu/issues/2014/10/39944 (date accessed: 08.06.2018). 4. International patent application (PCT). Sukharevskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich. CONVERTER, TWO-CYLINDER ENGINE AND VEHICLE. WO2016068744 (A1) published on 6 May 2016 with the priority date 29 Oct. 2014. 5. Sukharevsky V.V. (2014). Model of a converter of reciprocating motion to rotary motion//Modern scientific research and innovation. No. 7 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://web.snaukasu/issues/2014/07/36455 (date accessed: 07.06.2018). 6. International patent application (PCT). Sukharevskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich. CONVERTER FOR CONVERTING RECIPROCATION MOTION TO ROTATIONAL MOTION, MOTOR AND VEHICLE. WO2016003305 (A1) published on 7 Jan. 2016 with the priority date 30 Jun. 2014. 7. Sukharevsky V.V. (2016). Kinematics and dynamics of an internal combustion engine with a magnetic converter of reciprocating motion to rotary motion//Modern scientific research and innovation. No. 2 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://web.snaukasu/issues/2016/02/64331 (date accessed: 07.06.2018).