Comminution Machine Having Stationary Anvil And Rotating Hammer Strike Iron

Abstract

A comminution machine having a stationary anvil and rotating hammer strike iron. In such machines, when hammer heads are worn out, the entire hammer strike iron must always be replaced, insofar as a uniform quality is to be achieved in the comminuted material. This is very cost-intensive. The invention thus proposes a novel hammer strike iron having an insert piece which has a cylindrical, eccentric bore or an eccentric oblong hole for receiving a swivel pin of the comminution machine. The insert piece has cheeks of differing thickness on both ends, such that, by rotating the insert piece in the hammer strike iron by 180, the distance between the hammer head and the anvil can be varied. If a hammer head has been inadmissibly worn, the insert piece can be removed, turned 180, and reinstalled. The gap between the anvil and the hammer head can thus be uniformly regulated.

Claims

1. A hammer iron for a crushing machine having a stationary anvil (2), wherein the hammer iron (4; 14) is mounted pivotably on a rotor (3) of the crushing machine by means of a swivel pin (6; 16), characterized in that in the hammer iron, an insert piece (7; 17) is provided, which contains a receiving opening (11; 011) having a first bearing surface (8; 18) and a second bearing surface (12; 012) for the swivel pin, and which can be installed in the hammer iron in a first orientation or in a second orientation, wherein the first bearing surface in the first orientation and the second bearing surface in the second orientation are at different distances from the hammer head (5; 15).

2. The hammer iron according to claim 1, wherein the first and second bearing surfaces are opposite one another, and the first orientation is rotated 180 relative to the second orientation.

3. The hammer iron according to claim 2, wherein the receiving opening is a cylindrical bore (011), formed eccentrically in the insert piece (17), so that cheeks (18; 012) of the insert piece (17) which are opposite one another along the longitudinal axis of the hammer head (5) and which serve as bearing surfaces have different wall thicknesses.

4. The hammer iron according to claim 2, wherein the receiving opening is an elongated hole (11), formed eccentrically in the insert piece, so that cheeks of the insert piece which are opposite one another along the longitudinal axis of the hammer head (5) and which serve as bearing surfaces have different wall thicknesses.

5. The hammer iron according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insert piece (7; 17) is made of high-strength steel.

6. The hammer iron according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the bearing surfaces have lubricating holes which can be connected to a central lubricating device.

7. The hammer iron according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the insert piece (7; 17) is guided in a recess in the hammer iron, forming a tight fit.

8. A crushing machine with hammer irons (4; 14) according to any of claims 1 to 7, the bearing surfaces of which have defined distances from a stationary anvil (2).

9. The crushing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of hammer irons (4; 14) are mounted on the swivel pin close enough to one another that adjacent hammer irons (4; 14) prevent the insert piece (7; 17) from falling out.

10. A method for operating a crushing machine according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a plurality of insert pieces (7; 17), each having different bearing surfaces, are kept on hand so that the width of the gap (10; 010) between anvil (2) and hammer head (5) can be adjusted.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In the following, embodiment examples of the invention will be described in greater detail with reference to the attached figures. Shown are:

[0017] FIG. 1 is a plan view of the schematic design of a crushing machine, in which hammer irons according to the invention may be used.

[0018] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a hammer according to a first embodiment example of the invention for a crushing machine according to FIG. 1.

[0019] FIG. 3 is a cross-section of a hammer according to FIG. 2.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a cross-section of a hammer according to a second embodiment example of the invention for a crushing machine according to FIG. 1.

[0021] FIG. 5 is a plan view of the hammer according to FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] FIGS. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment example of a hammer for a crushing machine.

[0023] FIG. 1 shows a plan view of a vertical crushing machine, in which the drive shaft 3a of the rotor 3 extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. On the drive shaft of the rotor, disks 3b are arranged one above the other, each of which has an opening for mounting the swivel pin 6. One or more hammers 4 are each suspended on a swivel pin between two disks, optionally with the use of spacer rings. Corresponding arrangements may also be used in crushing machines in which the drive shaft of the rotor is arranged horizontally.

[0024] The anvil 2, which is fixedly mounted on a machine frame 1, cooperates during operation with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 4. A gap 10 is formed between anvil 2 and hammer head 5, as shown in FIG. 3. This gap 10 increases as the hammer head 5 becomes worn. This gap 10 is relevant to the fineness of the crushed material. When the hammer is new, the insert piece is mounted such that during operation, the swivel pin 6 bears against the inner side of the thicker cheek 12 of the insert piece 7. In this case, nothing bears against the thinner cheek 8, which is opposite this cheek 12 in the insert piece 7.

[0025] The thickness (b) of the cheek 12, as measured up to the adjacent end of the insert piece 7, is greater than the thickness (a) of the opposite cheek 8, likewise measured up to end of the insert piece 7 adjacent to that cheek 8. The difference in the thickness of the two opposing cheeks 8; 12 corresponds to the degree of wear on the hammer head 5 that would have necessitated replacing the hammer 4 with a new hammer.

[0026] Insert piece 7 is replaceably connected to hammer 4 via fastening means 9 or via a tight fit. Insert piece 7 has along its center line an elongated hole 11, which is delimited at the ends of the insert piece by the cheeks 8; 12 and which receives swivel pin 6. Swivel pin 6 is in turn fixedly attached to two adjacent disks 3b of the rotor 3. When the hammer is new, swivel pin 6 bears against the thicker cheek 12 having the thickness (b) of the insert piece 7, and a gap 10 having a nominal width is formed between hammer head 5 and anvil 2. If the gap 10 increases as a result of wear on the hammer head 5, the gap can be returned to its nominal width by removing the insert piece 7 and reinstalling it rotated 180, so that during operation, swivel pin 6 bears against the inner side of the thinner cheek 8 having the thickness (a); if, for example, the wear is 0.3 mm, an insert piece in which the thicknesses of the two cheeks differ accordingly, i.e. ba=0.3 mm, will be selected.

[0027] FIGS. 2 and 3 show the insert piece 7 in an orientation corresponding to a new hammer, so that during operation, the swivel pin bears against the thicker cheek 12.

[0028] FIGS. 4 and 5 show a second embodiment example of a hammer according to the invention for a crushing machine of the type mentioned in the introductory part. An anvil 12 is fixedly mounted on a machine frame and cooperates during use with the hammer head 5 of a hammer 14. Between anvil 12 and hammer head 5, a gap 010 is formed. This gap 010 increases as the hammer head 5 becomes worn. This gap 010 is relevant to the fineness of the crushed material.

[0029] When the hammer is new, during operation the swivel pin 16 bears against the thicker cheek 012 of the insert piece 17. In this case, nothing bears against cheek 18, which is opposite this cheek 012 in the insert piece 17. The thickness (bb) of cheek 012, measured up to the adjacent end of the insert piece 17, is greater than the thickness (aa) of the opposite cheek 18, likewise measured up to the adjacent end of the insert piece 17. The difference in the thickness of the two cheeks 18; 012 corresponds to the degree of wear on hammer head 5 that would have necessitated replacing the hammer 14 with a new hammer 14.

[0030] Insert piece 17 is affixed replaceably and in a precise fit in the hammer 14, for example with fastening means. Insert piece 17 has a cylindrical bore 011, which is arranged eccentrically along the longitudinal axis of the insert piece 17, so that the distance between hammer head 5 and anvil 12 can be varied by the respective cheek 18; 012 of different thickness when the replaceable elongated insert piece 17 is rotated 180. The swivel pin 16 is guided through the cylindrical bore 011 and is attached to the rotor disks 13b of the rotor. When the hammer being used is new, swivel pin 16 bears against the inner side of cheek 012 of the insert piece 17 and creates a gap 010 between hammer head 5 and anvil 12 which has a nominal width corresponding to a cheek thickness (bb) in the insert piece 17. If the gap 010 increases as a result of wear on the hammer head 5, the gap 010 can be returned to its desired nominal width by removing the insert piece 17 and reinstalling it rotated 180, so that during operation, swivel pin 16 bears against the cheek 18 that has the smaller thickness (aa); wear on the hammer head of 0.3 mm, for example, can be compensated for by reinstalling an insert piece having cheek thicknesses (aa), (bb), with bbaa=0.3 mm, in reverse orientation.

[0031] FIGS. 4 and 5 show insert piece 17 in an orientation corresponding to a worn hammer, so that during operation, the swivel pin bears against the thinner cheek 18.

[0032] The insert piece (7; 17) is preferably made of high-strength steel. The bearing surfaces of the swivel pin (6; 16) may also be tempered.

[0033] In the bearing surfaces, lubricating holes are preferably provided, which can be connected to a central lubricating device.

[0034] In other embodiments of the invention, insert pieces may be used which define different bearing surfaces for the swivel pin even when they are rotated less than 180 in the hammer, for example rotationally symmetrical insert pieces that have an eccentric bore for the swivel pin.

[0035] In an expedient embodiment of the crushing machine, a plurality of hammer irons 4; 14 are mounted close enough to a swivel pin that an adjacent hammer iron 4; 14 prevents the insert piece 7; 17 from falling out.

[0036] In both embodiments, by keeping multiple insert pieces 7; 17 that have cheeks 8; 18 and 12; 012 of different thicknesses on hand, and by simply changing out the insert pieces, the hammers 4; 14 may be optimally utilized until they are ultimately worn out, thereby substantially reducing the costs of operating the crushing machine. The size of the gap between anvil and hammer head can be adjusted within a wide range and with a precision in the submillimeter range. The hammer irons according to the invention can be produced with little added expense.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0037] 1 machine frame

[0038] 2 anvil

[0039] 3 rotor

[0040] 3a drive shaft of the rotor

[0041] 3b; 13b rotor disk for mounting the swivel pin

[0042] 4; 14 hammer, hammer iron

[0043] 5 hammer head

[0044] 6; 16 swivel pin

[0045] 7; 17 insert piece

[0046] 8 cheek at one end of the elongated hole in the insert piece

[0047] 9 fastening means for the insert piece in the hammer

[0048] 10; 010 gap between anvil and hammer head

[0049] 11 elongated hole in the insert piece of one embodiment

[0050] 011 cylindrical bore in the insert piece of a second embodiment

[0051] 12 cheek opposite the cheek 8 of the elongated hole in the insert piece

[0052] 012 cheek at one end of the eccentric cylindrical bore in the insert piece

[0053] 15; 015 direction of rotation of the rotor

[0054] 18 cheek opposite cheek 012 of the eccentric cylindrical bore in the insert piece