OPEN-FLOW SOLAR COLLECTOR

Abstract

The invention relates to a field of open-flow solar collectors, and specifically to flat solar collectors with wetting the underneath sides of their solar radiation absorbing plates with liquid heat transfer medium. More specifically, the invention proposes the flat solar collector, which operates with relatively low flow rate of the heat transfer medium on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate, with flow in the form of some rivulets. The invention discloses some technical solutions, which restrict meandering rivulets' flow.

These technical solutions are based on application of longitudinal strips attached by permanent magnets to the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate fabricated from ferromagnetic metal.

Claims

1. A flat open-flow solar collector consisting of following main units: a housing with an internal thermal insulation of its bottom and side walls; the internal surfaces of the layers of said internal thermal insulation are covered with impervious layers; a solar radiation absorbing plate, which is fastened in said housing and joined with said housing; said solar radiation absorbing plate is fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the upper side of said solar radiation absorbing plate is covered with solar radiation absorbing paint at least in visible range of electromagnetic radiation and the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate is covered with corrosion resistive coating; a distributing pipe; the proximal section of said distributing pipe is placed outside said housing, and its middle and distal sections are installed on the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate; said distributing pipe is provided with openings, which supply evenly water or other liquid mediums on the upper section of said backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate; the upper section of said backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate is provided with some pipe clips serving for fastening said distributing pipe; rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means, which divide the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate into a set of longitudinal parallel zones; said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means entrap the rivulets when they meet said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means with transforming the shapes of transverse cross-sections of said rivulets and following flow of said transformed-shape rivulets along said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means; said rivulets' flow restricting longitudinal means are designed as parallel metal strips with ferromagnetic properties like said ferromagnetic metal of the solar radiation absorbing plate; said metal strips are covered on their both sides and their edges with a corrosive resisting paint and they are placed apart longitudinally with a certain mutual interval on the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate; each said metal strip is fastened on the backside of said solar radiation absorbing plate by some permanent magnets; an outlet connection, which is situated in lower section of said housing of said open-flow solar collector and serves for withdrawing the water or other liquid mediums from the internal space between said solar radiation absorbing plate and said impervious layers of said internal thermal insulation; a venting opening, which provides fluid communication of said space between said solar radiation absorbing plate and said impervious layers with the surrounding atmosphere.

2. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said flat open-flow solar collector serves for evaporation and concentration of aqueous solutions; said flat open-flow solar collector is provided with inlet and outlet connections for supply of the air into the space between the solar radiation absorbing plate and the impervious layers of the thermal insulation and removal of the air from said space.

3. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the housing is provided with glazing covering the aperture of said housing.

4. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein each metal strip is provided with at least one longitudinal bead with forming a wedge-wise gap between said bead and the adjacent surface of the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate.

5. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 4, wherein the strips are fabricated from anticorrosive material and provided with some openings; there are O-rings, which are placed concentrically with said openings; the diameter of each said opening lies in the interval between the inner diameter of said O-rings and their outer diameter; tapered conical permanent magnets, which have their top diameter somewhat smaller that the inner diameter of said O-rings and the base diameter of said tapered conical permanent magnets is somewhat larger than the inner diameter of said O-rings, are inserted with their tapered sections into said openings and said O-rings until their immediate contact with the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate; said top and base diameters of said O-rings are chosen in such a way, that insertion of said tapered conical permanent magnets causes radial extending of said O-rings and friction forces between said tapered conical permanent magnets and said O-rings held in place said strips in contact with the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate.

6. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 4, wherein the strips are fabricated from anticorrosive material and provided with some openings; each said opening is provided with a vertical flanging, and there is the O-ring, which is inserted into said opening; the tapered conical permanent magnet keeps close said O-ring against said opening flanging; said tapered conical permanent magnet is inserted into said opening flanging until its immediate contact with the backside of the absorbing plate with attendant deformation of said O-ring.

7. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 4, wherein the longitudinal strips provided with two longitudinal beads each one and two lateral strips provided with one longitudinal bead each one are joined with forming a grate with a frame comprising said two lateral strips; the upper and lower sections of said longitudinal strips' beads and said beads of said lateral strips are joined together by upper and lower webs.

8. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 7, wherein the longitudinal strips and the lateral longitudinal strips of the grate are provided with openings.

9. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 7, wherein the longitudinal strips and the lateral longitudinal strips of the grate are provided with flanged openings.

10. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributing pipe is provided with nozzles, which are terminated with flexible sleeves; pipe clips are installed on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate and serve for securing said distributing pipe.

11. A flat open-flow solar collector as claimed in claim 10, wherein the distal ends of the flexible sleeves are sealed and the longitudinal sections of their walls facing to the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate are provided with some openings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] FIG. 1 demonstrates a vertical cross-section of a flat solar open-flow collector.

[0050] FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b and FIG. 2c are a top view and transverse cross-sections A-A and B-B of a grate-wise bank of strips with beads, wherein these strips are provided with openings.

[0051] FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b are cutaway transverse views of the solar radiation absorbing plate with fastening a strip (FIG. 3a) or a grate-wise bank of strips (FIG. 3b) by permanent magnets, wherein the strip or of the grate-wise bank of strips are provided with openings.

[0052] FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b are cutaway transverse views of the solar radiation absorbing plate with fastening a strip (FIG. 4a) or a grate-wise bank of strips (FIG. 4b) by permanent magnets, wherein the strip (or the grate-wise bank of strips) is provided with flanged openings.

[0053] FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b are cutaway transverse views of the solar radiation absorbing plate with fastening a strip with one bead (FIG. 5a) or a strip with two beads (FIG. 5b) by external permanent magnets.

[0054] FIG. bis a cutaway transverse view of the upper section of the solar radiation absorbing plate with the installed distributing pipe.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0055] FIG. 1 demonstrates a vertical cross-section of a flat solar open-flow collector 100.

[0056] It comprises:

[0057] housing 101;

[0058] thermal insulation layers 102; the internal surfaces of the layers of the thermal insulation 102 are covered with impervious layers;

[0059] glazing 103 of the aperture of housing 101;

[0060] a solar radiation absorbing plate 104 which is installed underneath glazing 103 and sealed with housing 101; the front side of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104 is provided with a solar radiation absorbing coating 105 and its backsidewith a corrosion resisting coating 106; this solar radiation absorbing plate 104 is fabricated from ferromagnetic metal;

[0061] a distributing pipe 108; the proximal section of this distributing pipe 108 is placed outside housing 101 and its middle and distal sections are situated underneath of the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104; the distributing pipe 108 is installed on the backside by pipe clips 112;

[0062] longitudinal strips 107 with beads 113, openings 114 dividing the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 104 into a set of parallel zones; these longitudinal strips 107 with the beads 113 entrap the rivulets when they meet the longitudinal strips 107 with following flow of the rivulets along these longitudinal strips 107; permanent magnets 115 serves for fastening the longitudinal strips 107 on solar radiation absorbing plate 104;

[0063] an outlet connection 110 which is situated at the bottom section of the internal space 111 of the solar collector 100 and serves for withdrawing the water or aqueous solutions;

[0064] a venting opening 109 which provides fluid communication of the internal space 111 of the solar collector 100 with the surrounding atmosphere.

[0065] FIG. 2a, FIG. 2b and FIG. 2c are a top view and transverse cross-sections A-A and B-B of a grate-wise bank 200 of strips with beads, wherein these strips are provided with openings.

[0066] It comprises: terminal strips 201 with beads 202; intervening strips 203 with their beads 204; webs 205; openings 206, which are formed in terminal strips 201 and intervening strips 203.

[0067] FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b are cutaway transverse views of the solar radiation absorbing plate with fastening a strip (FIG. 3a) or a grate-wise bank of strips (FIG. 3b) by permanent magnets, wherein the strip or of the grate-wise bank of strips are provided with openings.

[0068] FIG. 3a comprises: a solar radiation absorbing plate 301 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 301 is provided with a solar radiation absorbing coating 302; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 301 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 303. Strip 304, which is fabricated corrosion resisting material, is installed on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 301; this strip 304 is provided with two beads 305.

[0069] Strip 304 is provided with some openings 306, which serve for installation of O-rings 307 and truncated conical permanent magnets 308.

[0070] FIG. 3b comprises: the solar radiation absorbing plate 301 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 301 is provided with the solar radiation absorbing coating 302; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 301 is provided with the corrosion resisting coating 303. Strip 310, which is fabricated from corrosion resisting material and presents a section of a grate-wise bank of the strips, is installed on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 301; this strip is provided with two beads 313. Webs 311 serve for joining beads 313 of the aforementioned bank of strips 310.

[0071] Strip 310 is provided with some openings 312, which serve for installation of O-rings 314 and truncated conical permanent magnets 315.

[0072] FIG. 4a and FIG. 4b are cutaway transverse views of a solar radiation absorbing plate with fastening a strip (FIG. 4a) or a grate-wise bank of strips (FIG. 4b) by permanent magnets, wherein the strip or the grate-wise bank of the strips are provided with flanged openings.

[0073] FIG. 4a comprises: the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with a radiation absorbing coating 402; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 403. Strip 404, which is fabricated from corrosion resisting material, is installed on the backside of the absorbing plate 401; this strip is provided with two beads 405. Strip 404 is provided with some openings with outward flanges 406, which serve for installation of O-rings 408 and truncated conical permanent magnets 409.

[0074] FIG. 4b comprises: the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with the radiation absorbing coating 402; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 401 is provided with the corrosion resisting coating 403. Strip 410, which is fabricated from corrosion resisting material and presents a section of a grate-wise bank of such strips, is installed on the backside of the absorbing plate 401; this strip is provided with two beads 411. Webs 412 serve for joining beads 411 of the aforementioned bank of strips 410.

[0075] Strip 410 is provided with some openings with outward flanges 413, which serve for installation of O-rings 415 and truncated conical permanent magnet 416.

[0076] FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b are cutaway transverse views of a solar radiation absorbing plate 501 with fastening a strip with one bead (FIG. 5a) or a strip with two beads (FIG. 5b) by external permanent magnets.

[0077] FIG. 5a comprises: the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 501 is provided with a solar radiation absorbing coating 502; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 503. Strip 504, which is fabricated from ferromagnetic steel, is installed on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 501; this strip is provided with one bead 505 and covered (including bead 505) with a corrosion resisting coating 506. Strip 504 is secured on the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 by a permanent magnet 507.

[0078] FIG. 5b comprises: the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 fabricated from ferromagnetic metal; the front side of this solar radiation absorbing plate 501 is provided with the radiation absorbing coating 502; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 is provided with the corrosion resisting coating 503. Strip 508, which is fabricated from ferromagnetic metal, is installed on the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 501; this strip is provided with two beads 509 and covered (including beads 509) with a corrosion resisting coating 510. Strip 508 is secured on the solar radiation absorbing plate 501 by a permanent magnet 511.

[0079] FIG. bis a cutaway transverse view of the upper section of a solar radiation absorbing plate 601 with a distributing pipe 604, which is installed on the upper section of the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 601.

[0080] The drawing depicts: the solar radiation absorbing plate 601; the front side of this absorbing plate 601 is provided with a radiation absorbing coating 602; the backside of the solar radiation absorbing plate 601 is provided with a corrosion resisting coating 603; the distributing pipe 604 is provided with nozzles 605, which are terminated with flexible sleeves 606; pipe clips 607 are installed on the backside of the absorbing plate and serve for securing the distributing pipe 604.