COMPOSITION FOR THE ENZYMATIC DEGUMMING OF OIL

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising at least one phospholipid-splitting enzyme and at least one protease. The invention further relates to a method for degumming triglyceride-containing compositions by use of the composition according to the invention and to the use of said composition for degumming triglyceride-containing compositions.

Claims

1. A composition comprising: a first enzyme component comprising at least one phospholipid-cleaving enzyme, and a second enzyme component comprising at least one protease.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first enzyme component is selected from the group consisting of phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase B, phospholipase D, acyltransferase and mixtures thereof.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second enzyme component is selected from the group consisting of aminopeptidases, dipeptidases, dipeptidylpeptidases, tripeptidylpeptidases, peptidyldipeptidases, carboxypeptidase of the serin type, metallocarboxypeptidases, carboxypeptidases of the cystein type, omegapeptidases, serin endopeptidases, cystein endopeptidases, asparagin endopeptidases, metalloendopeptidases, threonin endopeptidases, endopeptidases and mixtures thereof.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the first enzyme component to the second enzyme component is in the range from 0.001:20 to 20:0.001.

5. A method for degumming triglyceride-containing compositions, comprising: a) contacting the triglyceride-containing composition with a composition, said composition comprising a first enzyme component comprising at least one phospholipid-cleaving enzyme, and a second enzyme component comprising at least one protease. b) separating off the gum substances from the triglyceride-containing composition.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the triglyceride-containing composition is selected from crude plant oil and plant oil gum.

7. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, before the contacting according to step a), the triglyceride-containing composition is brought into contact with water and/or aqueous acid, but no separation of the aqueous phase takes place before step a).

8. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first and/or second enzyme component is used in supported form.

9. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the contacting according to step a) of the method according to the invention takes place at a temperature from 22 to 70 C.

10. The method as claimed in claim 5, further involving the step c) renewed contacting of the triglyceride-containing composition according to step b) with the first and/or second enzyme component.

11. The use of a composition as defined in claim 1 for the degumming of triglyceride-containing compositions.

Description

FIGURES

[0097] FIG. 1 shows crude rapeseed oil: preconditioning with 3% total water fraction

[0098] FIG. 2 shows crude rapeseed oil: preconditioning with the addition of enzyme PLA1 0.3 unit/g of oil and 3% total water fraction

[0099] FIG. 3 shows crude rapeseed oil: preconditioning with addition of enzyme PLA1 0.3 unit/g of oil and the enzyme pepsin 1 unit/g of oil, 3% total water fraction

EXAMPLE 1

[0100] According to reaction variant 1, a crude rapeseed oil with the following starting contents was used: phosphorus 1200 ppm, calcium 365 ppm, magnesium 155 ppm and a content of free fatty acids of 1.99%. The crude oil was subjected to a preconditioning with the help of aqueous citric acid (1000 ppm) and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L). Samples were taken regularly (see FIG. 1, table 1). At the end of the reaction, the gum phase was centrifuged off and the residual oil content of this was determined according to Soxhlet.

[0101] As a comparison, just this preconditioning was carried out with the addition of an enzyme, phospholipase A1 from the organism Thermomyces lanuginosus (Sigma-Aldrich) (see FIG. 2, table 2). FIG. 3, table 3 shows the results of the preconditioning with the addition of the enzyme PLAT from Thermomyces lanuginosus and a further enzyme, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (Sigma-Aldrich).

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Preconditioning with 3% total water fraction, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and FFA content Time [min] 10 60 120 180 240 Ca [ppm] 76 11 9.5 9.4 9.5 Mg [ppm] 31 2.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 P [ppm] 247 20 14 13 14 FFA [%] 1.73 1.68 1.72 Gum [%] 3 min 5.8 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Preconditioning with the addition of PLA1 from Thermomyces lanuginosus 0.3 units/g of oil and 3% total water fraction, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and FFA content Time [min] 10 60 120 180 240 Ca [ppm] 26 9.7 8.7 7.9 7.9 Mg [ppm] 9.7 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 P [ppm] 82 17 15 12 12 FFA [%] 1.76 2.35 2.14 Gum [%] 3 min 6.5 5.6 5.0 4.5 5.5

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Preconditioning with the addition of PLA1 (from Thermomyces lanuginosus) 0.3 units/g of oil and pepsin 1 unit/g of oil, 3% total water fraction, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and FFA content Time [min] 10 60 120 180 240 Ca [ppm] 55 10 9.3 6.4 5.7 Mg [ppm] 23 3.1 3 1.9 1.6 P [ppm] 199 26 25 16 14 FFA [%] 1.86 2.14 2.17 Gum [%] 3 min 4.3 5.0 4.2 4.0 4.0

[0102] As is evident from FIG. 1, the use of acid and alkali on the crude oil as preconditioning leads to a not inconsiderable gum volume, which does not subsequently reduce substantially despite using a stirrer at 600 rpm. The only photo corresponds to one sampling. The samplings take place at time points 10, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes (from left to right). Table 1 gives the associated analytical data: the phosphorus content dropped after 240 minutes from 247 ppm to 14 ppm; the concentration of the divalent ions calcium and magnesium drops in the case of calcium from 76 ppm to 9.5 ppm; the concentration of the magnesium drops from 31 ppm to 1.7 ppm over the course of the reaction. The content of free fatty acids remains virtually unchanged. The preconditioning serves as preparation reaction for oil degumming and simultaneously as reference treatment.

[0103] In FIG. 2, when using the enzyme phospholipase A1 from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Sigma-Aldrich), a decrease in gum volume over the course of the reaction is evident (one photo per measurement/sampling). The associated data and the sampling time points are shown in table 2. Tab. 2 reveals a decrease in the calcium concentration from 26 ppm to 7.9 ppm, a decrease in the magnesium concentration from 9.7 ppm to 1.5 ppm and a decrease in the phosphorus content from 82 ppm to 12 ppm; the content of free fatty acids increases from 1.76% to 2.14%, in each case after a reaction time of 240 min. The increase in the content of the free fatty acids and the decrease in the phosphorus content suggests that the PLA1 is enzymatically active and consequently the oil degumming functions successfully. The increase in the free fatty acid is a sign of the activity of the PLA1, which cleaves the fatty acids from the phospholipid molecules and also the gum volume continuously decreases.

[0104] FIG. 3 shows the volume of the gum phase of a preconditioned crude oil treated with PLA1 and additionally with pepsin. It is evident from the associated analytical data in table 3 that surprisingly after just 120 minutes a reduced gum volume of 4.2% is reached, compared to the gum volume of 5.0% when using the PLA1 on its own (table 2). Additionally, the ionic values (table 3) are comparable with those of the reaction with the PLA1 on its own, see table 2. The content of free fatty acids increases from 1.86% to 2.17% and thus points to the activity of the phospholipase. The results show that surprisingly the addition of a single further enzyme, a pepsin, leads to a greater reduction in the gum phase and consequently the oil yield of the reaction is increased.