EV-grade lithium sulfide and preparation method for the same

Abstract

A preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide includes: mixing and reacting sulfur powder, metallic lithium and a lithium-containing additive to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, and then pulverizing and calcining the crude lithium sulfide product to remove excess sulfur powder to obtain the EV-grade lithium sulfide. The method being used for preparing the lithium sulfide is advantaged in simple process, strong operability, large-scale production, and being capable to meet the requirements for safe operation and EV-grade lithium sulfide, without toxic gas generation and secondary pollution.

Claims

1. A preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide, comprising: mixing and reacting sulfur powder, metallic lithium and a lithium-containing additive to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, and then pulverizing and calcining the crude lithium sulfide product to remove excess sulfur powder to obtain the EV-grade lithium sulfide, wherein the lithium-containing additive is at least one of lithium hydride, lithium nitride and lithium carbide; and the molar ratio of the sulfur powder, the metallic lithium and the lithium-containing additive is 1:2:0.1-0.3.

2. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the sulfur powder ranges from 70-80 microns, and the particle size of the lithium-containing additive is 80-90 microns.

3. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein a reaction temperature is 100 C.-180 C.

4. The preparation method for EV-grade high-purity lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein the reaction further comprises stirring, a stirring time is 4-8 hours, and a stirring speed is 20-40 rpm.

5. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein a reaction temperature is 140 C., a stirring time is 6 hours, and a stirring speed is 20 rpm.

6. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, further comprising: screening the crude lithium sulfide product; pulverizing the screened crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size of less than 20 meshes; and returning the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size of more than 20 meshes as a raw material to a reaction step.

7. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein a pulverizing speed is 20,000-25,000 rpm, and a pulverizing time is 1-3 minutes.

8. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the crude lithium sulfide product before calcination ranges from 20-50 microns.

9. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, wherein the calcination is performed at 400 C.-600 C. for 3-5 hours.

10. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 9, wherein a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 4 hours.

11. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 1, further comprising wet ball milling: performing wet ball milling on the calcined crude lithium sulfide product, wherein a solvent for wet ball milling is at least one of isopropanol and n-propanol, ball milling parameters comprise a ball milling speed of 300-500 rpm and a ball milling time of 8-12 hours, and the mass ratio of the ball, crude lithium sulfide product and solvent during the ball milling is 4-1:1:1-0.1.

12. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 11, wherein the solvent for wet ball milling is isopropanol, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm, and the ball milling time is 8 hours.

13. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 11, wherein the mass ratio of the ball, crude lithium sulfide product and solvent during the ball milling is 1:1:0.8.

14. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 11, further comprising cleaning and drying: cleaning the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling with at least one reagent of n-hexane, n-pentane and cyclohexane, and then stirring, heating and drying the lithium sulfide to obtain an EV-grade high-purity lithium sulfide product.

15. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 14, wherein the cleaning indicates stirring and cleaning the lithium sulfide for 2-3 times with n-hexane.

16. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 14, wherein the reaction, cleaning and drying are performed in a protective atmosphere.

17. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 16, wherein the protective atmosphere is at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium.

18. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 14, wherein a drying temperature is 80 C.-100 C., a stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, and a drying time is 4-8 hours.

19. The preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide according to claim 14, wherein the reaction is performed in a titanium device, and the drying is performed in a titanium TA2 device.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram according to the invention; and

(2) FIG. 2 shows an XRD pattern of Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(3) In order to achieve the first purpose of the invention, the preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide includes: mixing and reacting sulfur powder, metallic lithium and a lithium-containing additive to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, and then pulverizing and calcining the crude lithium sulfide product to remove excess sulfur powder to obtain the EV-grade lithium sulfide.

(4) The invention has low requirements for raw materials, and the raw material of metallic lithium may be industrial-grade metallic lithium, and the purity of lithium is more than 99%.

(5) The EV-grade lithium sulfide is battery grade lithium sulfide.

(6) As shown in FIG. 1, in a specific embodiment, after the reaction, the lithium sulfide can be screened according to the particle size of the crude lithium sulfide product: large and hard materials are returned to a reaction process, and lithium sulfide with a small particle size is pulverized. A 20-mesh sieve (830 microns) serves a screening tool.

(7) The reaction process of the invention can be performed in a drying room, and has the low requirements for environmental atmosphere, but gas in a reaction device needs to be an inert gas. The inert gas is a gas that does not react with the material of the invention.

(8) In a specific embodiment, the molar ratio of the sulfur powder, the metallic lithium and the lithium-containing additive is 1:2:0.1-0.3.

(9) In a specific embodiment, the particle size of the sulfur powder ranges from 70-80 microns, and the particle size of the lithium-containing additive is 80-90 microns.

(10) In a specific embodiment, a reaction temperature is 100 C.-180 C.

(11) In a specific embodiment, the lithium-containing additive is at least one of lithium hydride, lithium nitride and lithium carbide.

(12) In a specific embodiment, the reaction further includes stirring, a stirring time is 4-8 hours, and a stirring speed is 20-40 rpm; preferably, the reaction temperature is 140 C., the stirring time is 6 hours, and the stirring speed is 20 rpm.

(13) In a specific embodiment, the method further includes screening the crude lithium sulfide product; pulverizing the screened crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size of less than 20 meshes; and returning the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size of more than 20 meshes as a raw material to a reaction step.

(14) In a specific embodiment, a pulverizing speed is 20,000-25,000 rpm, and a pulverizing time is 1-3 minutes.

(15) In a specific embodiment, the particle size of the crude lithium sulfide product before calcination ranges from 20-50 microns.

(16) In a specific embodiment, the calcination is performed at 400 C.-600 C. for 3-5 hours, and preferably, a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 4 hours.

(17) In a specific embodiment, the method further includes wet ball milling: performing wet ball milling on the calcined crude lithium sulfide product, where a solvent for wet ball milling is at least one of isopropanol and n-propanol, ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 300-500 rpm and a ball milling time of 8-12 hours, and the mass ratio of the ball, crude lithium sulfide product and solvent during the ball milling is 4-1:1:1-0.1.

(18) In a specific embodiment, the solvent for wet ball milling is isopropanol, the ball milling speed is 400 rpm, and the ball milling time is 8 hours.

(19) In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the ball, crude lithium sulfide product and solvent during the ball milling is 1:1:0.8.

(20) In a specific embodiment, the method further includes cleaning and drying: cleaning the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling with at least one reagent of n-hexane, n-pentane and cyclohexane, and then stirring, heating and drying the lithium sulfide to obtain an EV-grade high-purity lithium sulfide product.

(21) In a specific embodiment, the reaction, cleaning and drying are performed in a protective atmosphere; and the protective atmosphere is preferably at least one of nitrogen, argon and helium.

(22) In a specific embodiment, a drying temperature is 80 C.-100 C., a stirring speed is 30-60 rpm, and a drying time is 4-8 hours.

(23) In a specific embodiment, the reaction is performed in a titanium device, and the drying is performed in a titanium TA2 device.

(24) The second purpose of the invention is to provide new EV-grade lithium sulfide.

(25) In order to achieve the second purpose of the invention, the EV-grade lithium sulfide is prepared by the preparation method for EV-grade lithium sulfide, where the purity of the EV-grade lithium sulfide is more than 99.9% and the whiteness thereof is above 80; and preferably, the purity of the EV-grade lithium sulfide is more than 99.95%, the whiteness thereof is above 80, and the D50 particle size thereof is within 15 microns.

(26) The following will make a further description for the specific embodiments of the invention with reference to examples, but this does not limit the invention to the scope of the embodiments.

Example 1

(27) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:LiH=1:2:0.2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2LiH+S=Li.sub.2S+H.sub.2 (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as YP-1, where a stirring speed is 30 rpm, a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(28) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, its purity is 99.97%, and its XRD pattern is shown in FIG. 2.

Example 2

(29) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:Li.sub.3N=1:2:0.2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2Li.sub.3N+3S=3Li.sub.2S+N.sub.2 (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) The lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as YP-2, where a stirring speed is 30 rpm, a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(30) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.98%.

Example 3

(31) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:Li.sub.2C.sub.2=1:2:0.2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
Li.sub.2C.sub.2+5S=Li.sub.2S+2CS.sub.2 (g) (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) The lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as YP-3, where a stirring speed is 30 rpm, a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(32) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.96%.

Example 4

(33) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:LiH=1:2:0.2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2LiH+S=Li.sub.2S+H.sub.2 (2) the crude lithium sulfide product was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as YP-4, where a stirring speed is 30 rpm, a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(34) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.97%.

Comparative Example 1

(35) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S=1:2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns and a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2LiH+S=Li.sub.2S+H.sub.2 (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred at a stirring speed of 30 rpm, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as DB-1, where a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(36) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.73%.

Comparative Example 2

(37) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:LiH=1:2:0.2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2LiH+S=Li.sub.2S+H.sub.2 (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to dry ball milling, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1; and (4) the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred at a stirring speed of 30 rpm, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as DB-2, where a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(38) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.85%.

Comparative Example 3

(39) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S=1:2, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns and a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to dry ball milling, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1; and (4) the lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred at a stirring speed of 30 rpm, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as DB-3, where a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(40) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 99.5%.

Comparative Example 4

(41) (1) Based on the molar ratio of Li:S:LiH=1:2:1, an industrial-grade metallic lithium sheet with a thickness of 300 microns, a sulfur powder with a particle size ranging from 70-75 microns, and lithium hydride with a particle size ranging from 80-85 microns were weighed; in a nitrogen atmosphere, the raw materials were stirred for 6 hours at a stirring speed of 20 rpm and reacted with each other at a reaction temperature of 140 C. to obtain a crude lithium sulfide product, where a reaction equation is as follows:
2Li+S=Li.sub.2S
2LiH+S=Li.sub.2S+H.sub.2 (2) after the reaction, the crude lithium sulfide product was screened, where the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size greater than 20 meshes could be used as the raw material for the next reaction, and the crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size smaller than 20 meshes was pulverized in a pulverizer for 2 min at a pulverizing speed of 25,000 rpm; the pulverized crude lithium sulfide product with a particle size ranging from 20-40 microns was calcined at a high temperature to remove excess sulfur powder, where a calcining temperature is 600 C. and a calcining time is 5 hours; (3) the calcined crude lithium sulfide product was subjected to wet ball milling with isopropanol as a solvent, where ball milling parameters include a ball milling speed of 400 rpm, a ball milling time of 8 hours, and a ratio of ball, material and solvent of 1:1:0.8; and (4) The lithium sulfide subjected to ball milling was cleaned with n-hexane, and stirred at a stirring speed of 30 rpm, heated and dried in an inert protective gas to obtain a lithium sulfide product numbered as DB-4, where a stirring time is 30 min, a heating and drying temperature is 100 C., and a drying time is 6 hours.

(42) The composition parameters of the obtained product are shown in Table 1, and its purity is 98.36%.

(43) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Parameters for examples and comparative examples Na + K + Ca + Mg + D50 Purity Si + Al + Fe + Zn + Ni + Whiteness particle No. (%) Cr + Mn + Co + Pb + Ti % (%) size (nm) YP-1 99.97 <0.01 87.1 183 YP-2 99.98 <0.01 88.3 174 YP-3 99.96 <0.01 87.4 243 YP-4 99.97 <0.01 86.3 182 DB-1 99.73 <0.01 78.3 221 DB-2 99.85 <0.01 81.6 1850 DB-3 99.50 <0.01 79.5 2102 DB-4 98.36 <0.01 68.2 420