Paving stone and paving slab as well as paving ceiling or slab covering made from the same

Abstract

A paving stone or paving slab, comprising a base, which is provided with a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means and has a multiplicity of base side faces and a head, which is arranged on the base and has a head upper side and a multiplicity of head side faces, the head on its head upper side having a smaller periphery in horizontal section than a nominal-dimension-based periphery of the base and the head side faces being designed such that, in the laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab, they form, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or identical or similar paving slab, a surface joint with a surface-joint width which is the same as or larger than a load-joint width of a load joint between bases of adjacent identical or similar paving stones or identical or similar paving slabs, the joint axes of the load joint and of the surface joint lying one on top of the other in the polysurface and the load joint and the surface joint being connected to one another, and a paved surface or block paving composed thereof.

Claims

1. A paving stone or paving slab, comprising: a base comprising a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means and a multiplicity of base side faces; a head arranged on said base having a head upper side and a multiplicity of head side faces; said head on its head upper side having a smaller periphery in a horizontal section than a nominal-dimension-based periphery of said base; said head side faces in a laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab form, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or identical or similar paving slab, a surface joint with a surface-joint width which is the same as or larger than a load-joint width of a load joint between bases of adjacent identical or similar paving stones or identical or similar paving slabs; and joint axes of said load joint and of said surface joint lying one on top of the other in a polysurface and said load joint and said surface joint connected to one another.

2. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1 wherein said base side faces extend vertically or obliquely inward.

3. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1 wherein said base is quadrilateral in said horizontal section.

4. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has at least one spacer cam on at least one of said base side faces for locking said load joints.

5. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has at least two parallel, vertical, outwardly protruding, interlock portions on at least one of said base side faces for preventing displacement, which in said laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab interact with said interlock portions on a base side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or an adjacent identical or similar paving slab.

6. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said load-joint locking and displacement prevention means has a load-joint locking device separate from a displacement prevention device.

7. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head is polygonal in said horizontal section.

8. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head side faces and said base side faces extend in side-parallel fashion.

9. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head side faces extend downward with their cross sections widening.

10. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising a console which runs horizontally around a periphery, subdivides the paving stone or paving slab into said head and said base such that, in combination with an associated head side face in said laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab, it, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or an identical or similar paving slab, forms said surface joint.

11. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 10 wherein said head side faces merge into said console or said head side faces extends from a head upper side edge.

12. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 10 wherein said console extends horizontally or has a tray-like shape.

13. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising at least one joint-material stabilizing device on at least one of said head side faces.

14. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said at least one dummy joint or at least one dummy joint with at least one joint-material stabilizing device.

15. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, wherein said base is made of concrete.

16. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head is made of a different material than said base.

17. A paved surface composed of multiple paving stones or block paving composed of multiple paving slabs comprising: each said paving stone or paving slab comprising: a base comprising a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means and a multiplicity of base side faces; a head arranged on said base having a head upper side and a multiplicity of head side faces; said head on its head upper side having a smaller periphery in a horizontal section than a nominal-dimension-based periphery of said base; said head side faces in a laid state of the paving stone or the paving slab form, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone or identical or similar paving slab, a surface joint with a surface-joint width which is the same as or larger than a load-joint width of a load joint between bases of adjacent identical or similar paving stones or identical or similar paving slabs; and joint axes of said load joint and of said surface joint lying one on top of the other in a polysurface and said load joint and said surface joint connected to one another; joint material in said surface joints.

18. The paved surface or block paving of claim 17 wherein said paving stones or paving slabs are configured and arranged such that straight profiles of said surface joints with identical surface-joint widths are produced or upper sides of said paving stones or paving slabs are flat or configured or arranged such that profiles of said surface joints with irregular surface-joint widths are produced.

19. The paved surface or block paving of claim 1 wherein said base has a greater height than said head.

20. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head is fastened by adhesive bonding to said base.

21. The paving stone or paving slab of claim 1, further comprising said head is made of one of natural stone, ceramic, glass, brick, wood, plastic, or metal.

Description

[0041] Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the appended claims and the following description of exemplary embodiments on the basis of the schematic drawings. In the drawings:

[0042] FIG. 1a shows a perspective view of a corner of a paving stone according to a particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 1b shows a perspective view of a corner of a paving stone according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of two adjacent, skillfully laid paving stones of a paved surface according to a particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0045] FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a paving stone according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0046] FIG. 4a shows a view, in vertical section, in the region of an outer edge of a paving stone according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] FIG. 4b shows a view, in vertical section, in the region of an outer edge of a paving stone according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] FIG. 4c shows a view, in vertical section, in the region of two adjacent paving stones of a paved surface according to a further embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] FIG. 5 shows a plan view, in addition to a side view, of a paving stone according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0050] FIG. 6a shows a plan view of a detail of a paved surface (row formation) composed of paving stones according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0051] FIG. 6b shows a plan view of a detail of a paved surface (row formation) composed of paving stones according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0052] FIG. 7a shows a plan view of a paving stone from above;

[0053] FIG. 7b shows a plan view of a paving stone according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention from above;

[0054] FIGS. 7c-f show plan views of a paving stone according to further particular embodiments of the present invention from above; and

[0055] FIG. 8 shows a plan view of a manufactured unit according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention composed of four paving stones according to various embodiments of the present invention from above.

[0056] Even though the description of exemplary embodiments regards only paving stones and paved surfaces, it similarly also applies to paving slabs and block paving.

[0057] FIG. 1a shows a detail, or a corner, of a paving stone 10 according to a particular embodiment of the present invention. The paving stone 10 comprises a base 12, which is provided with a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means and has in this example four base side faces, only two of which are shown and are provided with the reference number 14, and a head 16, which is arranged on the base 12 and has a head upper side 18 and in this example four head side faces, only two of which are shown and are provided with the reference number 20. The head side faces 20 and the base side faces 14 extend parallel in this example. In this example, the head upper side 18 is flat. On its head upper side 18, the head 16 has a smaller periphery in horizontal section than a nominal-dimension-based periphery of the base 12. The head side faces 20 are also designed such that, in the laid state of the paving stone 10, they form, together with a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone, a surface joint with a surface-joint width which is the same as or larger than a load-joint width of a load joint between bases of adjacent identical or similar paving stones, the joint axes of the load joint and of the surface joint lying one on top of the other in the polysurface and the load joint and the surface joint being connected to one another.

[0058] The base 12 has a greater height H.sub.S than a height H.sub.K of the head 16.

[0059] The base side faces 14 extend substantially vertically. In addition, the base 12 is quadrilateral in horizontal section in this example.

[0060] On each of the base side faces 14 in their lower regions, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means comprises multiple spacer cams 22 for locking the load joints. The spacer cams may for example be elongate, in particular in the horizontal direction, and/or for example be approximately 5 mm high. In addition, on each of the base side faces 14, the load-joint locking and displacement prevention means in this example has multiple parallel, vertical, outwardly projecting, strip-like, for example cylindrically or semicylindrically integrally molded, interlock portions 24 which, in the laid state of the paving stone 10, force-fittingly interact with interlock portions on a base side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone, in particular in the manner of a toothed rack or gearwheel. In this example, the interlock portions 24 extend only on the base 12. In general, a single interlock portion on a side may be sufficient. The interlock portions are usually, however, arranged at least in pairs on a side.

[0061] The head 16 is quadrilateral, similar to the base 12. The head side faces 20 and the base side faces 14 have congruent sides.

[0062] The paving stone 10 also comprises a console 26 which runs horizontally around the periphery, subdivides the paving stone 10 into the head 16 and the base 12, and is designed such that, in combination with an associated head side face in the laid state of the paving stone, it, together with a console and a head side face of an adjacent identical or similar paving stone including a load joint 40 (see, for example, FIG. 2), forms the surface joint.

[0063] In the present example, the head side faces 20 extend vertically and merge into the console 26.

[0064] FIG. 1b shows a view, like FIG. 1a, of a paving stone 10 according to a further particular embodiment of the present invention. Although a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means is also present, it is not graphically illustrated. While in FIG. 1a the head upper edges 28 extend in a straight line, in the case of the paving stone 10 in FIG. 1b they extend in linear to curved or rounded to interrupted fashion. Moreover, the head side faces 20 extend correspondingly. The console outer edges 30 extend in a straight line similarly to the paving stone 10 in FIG. 1a. The console inner edges 32, by contrast, do not extend in a straight line (like in the case of the paving stone in FIG. 1a), but instead in linear to curved or rounded to interrupted fashion, like the head upper edges 28.

[0065] The console outer edges 30 correspond to the base upper edges 34.

[0066] FIG. 2 shows two paving stones 36 and 38, which lie against one another in a grid pattern (also referred to as laying pattern), having the load joint 40 with a nominal joint width, head upper sides 18 and interlock portions 24, which are fitted on all sides. In addition, FIG. 2 shows an outermost boundary corresponding to base upper edges 34 and an inner boundary corresponding to head upper edges 28 and thus a boundary face 42, within which the head outer contour can fluctuate, and also right-angled corners 44 of the base side faces 14 and right-angled corners 46 of the inner sides 48 of the boundary face 42, and joint axes 50, which bisect the width of the load joints 40. The nominal dimension of the paving stones 36 and 38 corresponds to the base periphery, which is quadrilateral by way of example and formed from the base upper edges 34. The grid pattern is given by the joint axes 50.

[0067] FIG. 3 shows a paving stone 36 having a variant in comparison with a contour formed from the head upper edges 28 in FIG. 1b. The contour is similar to broken natural paving stone edges.

[0068] FIG. 4a shows a section of a transition from a head upper edge 28 to a base upper edge 34 with an adjacent vertical base side face 14 and integrated interlock portion 24, both of which end at the lower side 54 of the paving stone 10. The head side face 20 extends from the head upper edge 28 with its cross section widening, in the present example conically.

[0069] In the variant shown in FIG. 4b, the profile of the head side face 20 deviates from the profile of the head side face 20 of the paving stone 10 shown in FIG. 4a. The head side face 20 extends vertically downward from the head upper edge 28 to a console inner edge 32. The console 26 extends from the console inner edge 32 horizontally to the console outer edge 30 and thus to the base upper edge 34.

[0070] A further variant is shown in FIG. 4c. By contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 4b, in this case it is not a horizontally extending console 26, but a tray-like console 26 which is provided. The surface joint (head joint) 56, which is visibly wider in this example (compared to the regulatory load joint (base joint) 40), is provided with joint-material stabilizing devices 58, which are integrated on the head side faces 20 to a height of approximately in this example and are intended for improved positional stability of joint material, for example against being drawn out as a result of something traveling over the paving stone. The joint-material stabilizing devices 58 may be at identical or different spacings from one another and comprise the head, for example be integrally molded. The tray-like console 26, but also the flat (horizontal) console 26 (see FIG. 4b), should furthermore prevent joint material from migrating out of the surface joint 56 into the space of the load joint 40.

[0071] FIG. 5 shows a plan view from above (at the top) and a side view (at the bottom) of a paving stone 10 having a rectangular base 12 and a head 16, which is arranged thereon and has a dummy joint 60 on the head upper side 18 with a maximum dummy-joint width b.sub.Smax on the basis of head side faces 20a and a minimum (as small as possible) dummy-joint width B.sub.Smin, which corresponds to the nominal joint width between bases of adjacent paving stones. The paving stone 10 also has joint-material stabilizing devices 58, as illustrated by way of example in FIG. 4c, and interlock portions 24, which are shown by way of example in FIG. 1a and only some of which are characterized. The positioning of the dummy joint 60 is not fixed and it is also possible to provide multiple dummy joints on the upper side (head upper side) of the paving stone 10.

[0072] FIG. 6a shows a plan view from above of a row formation, approximately in a half-offset formation, of paving stones 10 with an always identical and standardized setpoint load-joint width (base joint width) b.sub.la and a load-joint locking and displacement prevention means, by way of example comprising interlock portions 24, as in FIG. 1a for example, only some of which are characterized, the wider surface joints 56 and the joint profile being visible fully independently of the load-joint width b.sub.la.

[0073] The row formation shown in FIG. 6b differs from the row formation shown in FIG. 6a substantially in that the surface joints 56 are widened considerably and have a relatively irregular extent.

[0074] FIG. 7a shows a paving stone 10 with a largest possible surface area of the head upper side 18, only for illustrative purposes.

[0075] FIG. 7b shows a paving stone 10 with a smallest possible surface area of the head upper side 18 according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

[0076] FIGS. 7c to 7f show plan views from above of paving stones 10 according to particular embodiments of the invention which, when the paving stones are laid regularly in accordance with nominal and setpoint joint widths of for example 5 mm, produce naturally acting joint structures with irregular joint profiles and individually protruding and recessed corners 46 of the head and also head upper edges 28 with an overall considerably largened joint space in the region of the head.

[0077] FIG. 8 shows by way of example a manufactured unit with paving stones in four variants, referred to as A1, A2, B1 and B2, according to particular embodiments of the present invention, for example as described above and shown in FIGS. 1 to 7f, for producing a paved surface, the heads of which may be structured differently or be level and the edge and side profiles of which are different, the four stones A1, A2, B1 and B2 being arranged in such a way that oppositely situated stone edges, corners and sides are always dissimilar. It can be assumed that the paving stones are then also laid approximately in this arrangement in the surface, and this would meet the objective of an irregular profile. The manufactured unit can, of course, also contain fewer or more than four paving stones with the properties mentioned.

[0078] The features of the invention that are disclosed in the above description, in the drawings and in the claims may be essential for the implementation of the invention in its various embodiments both individually and in any desired combinations.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0079] 10 Paving stone [0080] 12 Base [0081] 14 Base side faces [0082] 16 Head [0083] 18 Head upper side [0084] 20 Head side faces [0085] 20a Head side faces [0086] 22 Spacer cams [0087] 24 Interlock portions [0088] 26 Console [0089] 28 Head upper edges [0090] 30 Console outer edges [0091] 32 Console inner edges [0092] 34 Base upper edges [0093] 36, 38 Paving stones [0094] 40 Load joint [0095] 42 Boundary face [0096] 44, 46 Corners [0097] 48 Inner sides [0098] 50 Joint axes [0099] 54 Lower side [0100] 56 Surface joint [0101] 58 Joint-material stabilizing devices [0102] 60 Dummy joint [0103] A1, A2, B1, B2 Paving stones [0104] H.sub.S Height of the base [0105] H.sub.K Height of the head [0106] b.sub.Smax Maximum dummy-joint width [0107] b.sub.Smin Minimum dummy-joint width [0108] b.sub.la Load-joint width [0109] b.sub.Ob Surface-joint width