Torsional vibration damper

Abstract

A torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber has a rotating system with: a primary mass, which is arranged on a rotatable shaft, for example on a crankshaft of an engine, in particular of an internal combustion engine, and preferably can be fastened for conjoint rotation; a secondary mass, which is movable relative to the primary mass; and an assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass. The assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has at least one accumulator inside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber.

Claims

1. A torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber, comprising: a rotating system having: (i) a primary mass, which primary mass is arranged on a rotatable shaft and which is securable in a rotationally secure manner, (ii) a secondary mass which is movable relative to the primary mass, and (iii) a sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass, wherein the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has at least one pressure store inside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or the torsional vibration absorber.

2. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 1, wherein the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has one or more fluid chamber(s) which is/are filled with a fluid and which is/are formed in the secondary mass, as part of the rotating system, wherein a volume of the fluid chambers in an event of torsional vibrations and resultant relative movements between the primary mass and secondary mass is changeable by way of the at least one pressure store, wherein the fluid chambers are each subdivided by radially extending vanes of a hub portion which is connected to the primary mass.

3. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 2, wherein the fluid chambers are connected by lines in a hub portion which is connected to the primary mass, the lines in each case have at least one adjustable throttle.

4. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 2, wherein the fluid chambers are connected by unidirectional oppositely arranged overflow lines in a hub portion which is connected to the primary mass.

5. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 2, wherein fluid chamber portions which are formed by subdividing the fluid chambers by way of a respective vane are connected by at least one line with or without a throttle in a respective vane.

6. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 2, wherein two mutually diametrically opposed fluid chambers are provided in each case.

7. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 1, wherein the rotatable shaft is a crankshaft of a piston machine.

8. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 7, wherein the piston machine is an internal combustion engine, a compressed air motor or a piston compressor.

9. A torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber, comprising: a rotating system having: (i) a primary mass, which primary mass is arranged on a rotatable shaft and which is securable in a rotationally secure manner, (ii) a secondary mass which is movable relative to the primary mass, and (iii) a sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass, wherein the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has at least one pressure store inside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or the torsional vibration absorber, the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has one or more fluid chamber(s) which is/are filled with a fluid and which is/are formed in the secondary mass, as part of the rotating system, wherein a volume of the fluid chambers in an event of torsional vibrations and resultant relative movements between the primary mass and secondary mass is changeable by way of the at least one pressure store, wherein the fluid chambers are each subdivided by radially extending vanes of a hub portion which is connected to the primary mass, wherein the at least one pressure store forms a gas spring and has at least one gas portion and at least one fluid portion, which are separated by a membrane, the fluid portion is connected to the fluid chambers by fluid lines.

10. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 9, wherein the at least one gas portion of the at least one pressure store is connected via a rotary leadthrough by way of one or more pressure lines to a control/gas supply unit which is arranged outside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber.

11. A torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber, comprising: a rotating system having: (i) a primary mass, which primary mass is arranged on a rotatable shaft and which is securable in a rotationally secure manner, (ii) a secondary mass which is movable relative to the primary mass, and (iii) a sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass, wherein the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has at least one pressure store inside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or the torsional vibration absorber, wherein the at least one pressure store is arranged on a vane of a hub portion and forms a gas spring having a chamber and a membrane, the membrane delimits the chamber with respect to the fluid chamber.

12. The torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to claim 11, wherein the chamber of the at least one pressure store is connected to a filling connection by a valve.

13. A method for damping torsional vibrations of a crankshaft of a piston machine having a torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber, the method comprising: (S1): providing the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber fitted to the crankshaft, wherein the damper or absorber comprises: a rotating system having: (i) a primary mass, which primary mass is arranged on a rotatable shaft and which is securable in a rotationally secure manner, (ii) a secondary mass which is movable relative to the primary mass, and (iii) a sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass, wherein the sub-assembly for vibration damping and/or vibration absorption of the relative movement between the primary mass and the secondary mass has at least one pressure store inside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or the torsional vibration absorber, (S2): adjusting the at least one pressure store which is installed in the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber with a gas or air which is acted on with pressure; and (S3): damping the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft during operation of the piston machine by way of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein adjustment of the at least one pressure store is, in the second method step (S2) and in the third method step (S3), carried out by way of a rotary leadthrough of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber via one or more pressure lines by a control/gas supply unit which is arranged outside the rotating system of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein adjustment of the at least one pressure store and additional throttles in a stationary state of the torsional vibration damper is carried out in the second method step (S2), wherein in the third method step (S3) a damping of the torsional vibrations is carried out by pumping a fluid back and forth between fluid chambers.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein in the third method step (VS3), in an event of excessively defined deflections of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber, an overflow is brought about in one direction between the fluid chambers by way of unidirectional overflow lines.

17. The method according to claim 13, wherein the piston machine is an internal combustion engine, a compressed air motor, or a piston compressor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to the invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic radially sectioned view of the first embodiment of the torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to the invention according to FIG. 1;

(3) FIGS. 3-5 are schematic radially sectioned views of embodiments and variants of torsional vibration dampers or torsional vibration absorbers according to the invention; and

(4) FIG. 6 is a schematic flow diagram of a method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(5) FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a torsional vibration damper or torsional vibration absorber according to the invention.

(6) The torsional vibration damper 1 or torsional vibration absorber is referred to below for the sake of simplicity only as a torsional vibration damper 1. It is connected in this instance in a rotationally secure manner to a crankshaft 2, for example, a crankshaft 2 of an internal combustion engine which is not illustrated. Such an internal combustion engine is, for example, a so-called large engine, for example, for ships, agricultural and construction machines, energy production.

(7) The torsional vibration damper 1 additionally has a rotary leadthrough 3 by means of which it is connected to a supply sub-assembly 5.

(8) The supply sub-assembly 5 comprises a control/gas supply unit 6 with pressure lines 7, 8.

(9) The rotary leadthrough 3 forms an interface between the torsional vibration absorber 1 and the control/gas supply unit 6 of the supply sub-assembly 5, wherein the pressure lines 7, 8 form a connection between the control/gas supply unit 6 and the rotary leadthrough 3. By means of a pressure medium, preferably a gas, for example, compressed air, via the pressure lines 7, 8 and via the rotary leadthrough 3, the control/gas supply unit 6 controls control elements in the torsional vibration damper 1. These control elements are, for example, throttles and adjustable springs which are described in greater detail below.

(10) The crankshaft 2 has a rotation axis 4 with respect to which the torsional vibration damper 1 and the rotary leadthrough 3 are arranged coaxially.

(11) For extensive descriptions of the structure and the operation of torsional vibration dampers, reference may be made to the documents WO 2019/086 258 A1 and WO 2020/069 933 A1.

(12) FIG. 2 shows the first embodiment of the torsional vibration damper 1 according to the invention according to FIG. 1 in a radial section.

(13) The torsional vibration damper 1 comprises a housing 9, a flywheel mass 10 as a so-called secondary mass, a hub portion 11 with vanes 12, 12, fluid chambers 13, 14 and pressure stores 15, 15. This forms a so-called rotating system.

(14) The housing 9 forms a so-called primary mass and is securely connected to the hub portion 11 and the vanes 12, 12 thereof. By means of the hub portion 11, the torsional vibration damper 1 is connected to the crankshaft 2 in a rotationally secure manner.

(15) For better differentiation, the vanes 12, 12 are referred to as the first vane 12 and second vane 12. The fluid chambers 13 and 14 are a first fluid chamber 13 and a second fluid chamber 14. The pressure stores 15, 15 are also referred to as the first pressure store 15 and second pressure store 15. However, these specifications do not exclude that more than two vanes 12, 12, more than two fluid chambers 13, 14 and more than two pressure stores 15, 15 can be provided.

(16) The housing 1, the rotary leadthrough 3 and the flywheel mass 10 are arranged coaxially with respect to the rotation axis 4. The flywheel mass 10 can rotate with respect to the housing 1.

(17) The vanes 12, 12 of the hub portion 11 are securely connected to the housing 1.

(18) The vanes 12, 12 of the hub portion 11 extend radially from the hub portion 11 opposite through diametrically opposed fluid chambers 13, 14 which are formed in the flywheel mass 10. Each fluid chamber 13,14 is divided by the associated vane 12, 12 of the hub portion 11 into two fluid chamber portions 13a, 13b and 14a, 14b.

(19) The vanes 12, 12 each have two vane faces 12a, 12b; 12a, 12b, which in this instance in FIGS. 2 to 5 for easier identification are distinguished in accordance with the clockwise direction. The vane face 12a of the first vane 12 is thus in contact with the fluid in the fluid chamber portion 13a of the first fluid chamber 13 and the vane face 12a of the second vane 12 is in contact with the fluid in the fluid chamber portion 14a of the second fluid chamber 14 and press them together when the hub portion 11 and the vanes 12, 12 pivot in the clockwise direction. Whereas the vane face 12b of the first vane 12 is in contact with the fluid in the fluid chamber portion 13b of the first fluid chamber 13 and the vane face 12b of the second vane 12 is in contact with the fluid in the fluid chamber portion 14b of the second fluid chamber 14 and press them together when the hub portion 11 pivots with the vanes 12, 12 in the counter-clockwise direction.

(20) Each pressure store 15, 15 forms a gas spring and in each case has a gas portion 16, 16 and a fluid portion 17, 17. Each gas portion 16, 16 is separated from the associated fluid portion 17, 17 by means of a membrane 18, 18.

(21) The pressure stores 15, 15 are securely fitted to the housing 1.

(22) The gas portions 16, 16 of the pressure stores 15, 15 are in each case connected by means of a gas line 19, 19 to a respective connection portion 3a, 3b of the rotary leadthrough 3. In this manner, the gas lines 19, 19 are in each case connected in terms of control via an associated pressure line 7, 8 to the control/gas supply unit 6 of the supply sub-assembly 5.

(23) The fluid chamber portions 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b of the fluid chambers 13, 14 are in each case connected by means of a fluid line 20, 20; 21, 21 to a fluid portion 17, 17 of a respective pressure store 15, 15 in such a manner that communicating or connected chamber portions are produced as follows.

(24) The fluid lines 20, 20; 21, 21 may be incorporated, installed and/or formed in the flywheel mass 10.

(25) The fluid chamber portion 13a of the first fluid chamber 13 is connected by means of the fluid line 20 to the fluid portion 17 of the first pressure store 15 which in turn is connected by means of the fluid line 21 to the vane chamber portion 14a of the second fluid chamber 14. In a similar manner, the fluid chamber portion 13b of the first fluid chamber 13 is connected by means of the fluid line 20 to the fluid portion 17 of the second pressure store 15 which in turn is connected by means of the fluid line 21 to the vane chamber portion 14b of the second fluid chamber 14.

(26) In this manner, an oscillating movement of the hub portion 11 via the vanes 12, 12 and the above-described communication of the fluid chamber portions 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b through the fluid lines 20, 20; 21, 21 is converted by means of the pressure chambers 15, 15 into translational movements of the membranes 18, 18 of the pressure chambers 15 15, wherein standard components can be used to provide rigidity and damping.

(27) The pressure stores 15, 15 are thus produced at the rotating side, that is to say, in the torsional vibration damper 1, and can be adjusted/displaced by means of the control/gas supply unit 6 during operation of the torsional vibration damper 1 and via the membranes 18, 18 influence the flow between the above-described chambers. The rotary leadthrough 3 is used only to adjust the pressure in the pressure stores 15, 15 and consequently the spring rate. Consequently, the spring rates of the gas springs formed by the pressure stores 15, 15 can be adjusted from the exterior.

(28) In this instance, the advantage is also afforded that the flywheel mass, that is to say, the flywheel mass 10, remains in its nominal position with respect to the housing 9. This is carried out by compensating for leakage losses as a result of overflow of fluid between the chambers via the above-described communication paths.

(29) FIGS. 3 to 5 show schematic radially sectioned views of additional embodiments of torsional vibration dampers 1 or torsional vibration absorbers according to the invention.

(30) FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the torsional vibration damper 1.

(31) The structure of the second embodiment of the torsional vibration damper 1 differs from the first embodiment in that no rotary leadthrough 3 is provided. This is because the energy stores 22, 22 in the form of air springs or gas springs are integrated directly in the torsional vibration damper 1.

(32) The energy stores 22, 22 are in this instance fitted to/in the vanes 12, 12 in such a manner that inflatable chambers 22a, 22a are formed at both sides of the vanes 12, 12 with membranes 22b, 22b, for example, made of elastomer material.

(33) The chambers 22a, 22a are similar to the gas portions 16, 16 of the energy stores 15, 15. The membrane 22b, 22b separates the chambers 22a, 22a directly from the fluid chamber portions 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b, which in a similar manner correspond to the fluid portions 17, 17 of the energy stores 15, 15.

(34) The chambers 22a, 22a are connected by means of valves which are not shown to one or more filling connections which are not shown and via which the chambers 22a, 22a are then filled with a gas, for example, air and/or nitrogen. By means of the pressure in the chambers 22a, 22a, the rigidity of the system is adjusted

(35) A damping is produced by pumping the fluid back and forth between the fluid chambers 13, 14. To this end, lines 23, 23 are provided in the hub portion 11 between the fluid chambers 13, 14. The pumping back and forth of the fluid is carried out by means of relative movements of the vanes 12, 12 with respect to the flywheel mass 10.

(36) The line 23 is connected by means of an opening 23a to the fluid chamber portion 13a of the fluid chamber 13 and with another end by means of a throttle 24 to the line 23. The line 23 is in turn connected by means of an opening 23a to the fluid chamber portion 14b, which is located at the same vane side, of the fluid chamber 14. In a mirror-symmetrical structure, additional lines 23, 23 with openings 23a, 23a and throttles 24 connect the fluid chamber portion 13b of the fluid chamber 13 to the fluid chamber portion 14a of the fluid chamber 14.

(37) The throttles 24 are adjustable in order to be able to adapt the damping to the respective requirements.

(38) An adjustment of the energy stores 22, 22 and throttles 24 cannot be carried out during operation of the torsional vibration damper 1. This is carried out in a stationary state using suitable valves which are not shown here but are readily conceivable.

(39) FIG. 4 shows a variant of the second embodiment according to FIG. 3.

(40) In this instance, a deflected position of the torsional vibration damper 1 is shown.

(41) In contrast to the second embodiment, in this variant two overflow lines 25, 26 which in each case extend parallel with the lines 23, 23 and throttles 24 are formed in the hub portion 11.

(42) The overflow line 25 forms a unidirectional overflow from the fluid chamber portion 13a of the fluid chamber 13 to the fluid chamber portion 14b, which is located at the same vane side, of the fluid chamber 14. A unidirectional overflow of the fluid chamber portion 14a of the fluid chamber 14 to the fluid chamber portion 13b of the fluid chamber 13 is enabled by means of the other overflow line 26.

(43) The overflow lines 25, 26 are arranged in opposing directions, that is to say, the direction of the flow flowing through the overflow line 25 is the reverse of the direction of the flow flowing through the overflow line 26.

(44) The overflow lines 25, 26 may also have adjustable throttles which are not shown.

(45) In this manner, in the event of excessively powerful deflection of the torsional directional damper 1 in a direction by means of the overflow lines 25, 26, the overflow between the fluid chambers 13 and 14 is enabled by means of return flow into the other fluid chamber, whereby the flywheel mass 10 is kept centered.

(46) FIG. 5 shows another variant of the variant according to FIG. 4.

(47) In this instance, a deflected position of the torsional vibration damper 1 is shown.

(48) In place of lines 23, 23 in the hub portion 11, in this variant lines in the form of throttles 27, 27 are provided in a respective vane 12, 12.

(49) The throttle 27 in the vane 12 is connected with an opening 27a to the fluid chamber portion 13a of the fluid chamber 13, wherein an opposing opening 27b produces the connection to the other fluid chamber portion 13b of the fluid chamber 13.

(50) In a similar manner, the throttle 27 in the other vane 12 is connected with an opening 27a to the fluid chamber portion 14b of the fluid chamber 14, wherein an opposing opening 27b of the throttle 27 connects this throttle 27 to the other fluid chamber portion 14a of the fluid chamber 14.

(51) A damping is carried out in this variant by pumping the fluid back and forth between the fluid portions 13a, 13b of the fluid chamber 13 and between the fluid portions 14a, 14b of the other fluid chamber 14.

(52) FIG. 6 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method according to the invention for damping torsional vibrations of a crankshaft 2 of an internal combustion engine.

(53) In a first method step VS1, the torsional vibration damper 1 or torsional vibration absorber is provided on the crankshaft 2.

(54) In a second method step VS2, the pressure stores 15, 15 are adjusted with a gas or air which is acted on with pressure.

(55) In a third method step VS3, the torsional vibrations of the crankshaft 2 are damped during operation of the internal combustion engine by means of the torsional vibration damper 1 or torsional vibration absorber.

(56) The adjustment of the pressure stores 15, 15 is carried out in the second method step VS2 and in the third method step VS3 by means of an external supply sub-assembly via the rotary leadthrough 3 of the torsional vibration damper 1.

(57) In a variant, the torsional vibration damper 1 has no rotary leadthrough 3. The pressure stores 15, 15 and other throttles 24, 27, 27 in the stationary state of the torsional vibration damper 1 are then adjusted in the second method step VS2. In this instance, in the third method step VS3 there is a damping of the torsional vibrations by pumping the fluid back and forth between the fluid chambers 13, 14.

(58) In addition, in the third method step VS3 an overflow in the event of excessively powerful deflections of the torsional vibration damper 1 in a direction between the fluid chambers 13, 14 is enabled by means of unidirectional overflow lines 25, 26.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(59) 1 Torsional vibration damper 2 Crankshaft 3 Rotary leadthrough 3a, 3b Connection portion 4 Rotation axis 5 Supply sub-assembly 6 Control/gas supply unit 7, 8 Pressure line 9 Housing 10 Flywheel 11 Hub portion 12, 12 Vane 12a, 12b; 12a, 12b Vane face 13, 14 Fluid chamber 13a, 13b; 14a, 14b Fluid chamber portion 15, 15 Pressure store 16, 16 Gas portion 17, 17 Fluid portion 18, 18 Membrane 19, 19 Gas line 20, 20; 21, 21 Fluid line 22, 22 Pressure store 22a, 22a Chamber 22b, 22b Membrane 23, 23 Line 23a, 23a; 23b, 23b Opening 24 Throttle 25, 26 Overflow line 25a, 25b; 26a, 26b Opening 27, 27 Throttle 27a, 27a; 27b, 27b Opening VS1, VS2, VS3 Method step