VALUE-ADDED TAX CALCULATION SYSTEM USING MULTI-PURPOSE TAX INVOICE

Abstract

Provided is a value-added tax calculation system using a multi-purpose tax invoice, whereby a double taxation effect and a redemption effect are removed from a value-added tax calculation method by using an all-stage tax credit method so that the value-added tax calculation system can be usefully used in a jewelry industry, etc.

Claims

1. A value-added tax calculation system using a multi-purpose tax invoice, the value-added tax calculation system for calculating value-added tax by using an all-stage tax credit method, comprising: a sales tax invoice issuance unit configured to issue a multi-purpose tax invoice on a date of receipt of an amount of supply for supplying goods or services, wherein, in a supply price as a price of goods or services excluding tax, taxable items and non-taxable items are separately recorded, the sales tax invoice issuance unit issuing a multi-purpose tax invoice in which the amount of supply obtained by adding a sales tax amount of the taxable items to the supply price is recorded; a purchase tax invoice collection unit configured to collect multi-purpose tax invoices provided while paying a purchase price for purchasing goods or services necessary for the goods or services to be supplied; and a value-added tax calculation unit configured to calculate an amount obtained by deducting a total amount of purchase tax amount collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit from a total amount of sales tax amount issued by the sales tax invoice issuance unit for a certain taxable period, as value-added tax (VAT), wherein the sales tax invoice issuance unit applies to the National Tax Service for a virtual account that can pay the amount of supply in the multi-purpose tax invoice, the virtual account is granted and described, and the supply price of the amount deposited into the virtual account is deposited to the supplier’s business account and the sales tax amount of taxable items is deposited to the supplier’s sales tax account separately, and when the issuer of the multi-purpose tax invoice of the purchase tax amount collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit does not pay tax, the value-added tax calculation unit regards the case as a multi-purpose tax invoice different from the fact and excludes purchase tax deduction for the amount.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a tax invoice according to the related art.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a value-added tax calculation system using a multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention.

[0031] FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate a multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate a value-added tax calculating method using a multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention applied to a precious metal wholesaler in the jewelry industry in detail.

MODE OF THE INVENTION

[0033] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] According to FIG. 2, a value-added tax calculation system 1 using the multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention includes a sales tax invoice issuance unit 10, a purchase tax invoice collection unit 20, and a value-added tax calculation unit 30. Each component of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 is performed by a combination of a processor (not shown) and related software provided in an information processing device (e.g., a server or terminal connected to the Internet).

[0035] The sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 issues a multi-purpose tax invoice as illustrated in FIG. 3 on the date of receipt of the amount of supply for supplying goods or services. In the multi-purpose tax invoice issued by the sales tax invoice issuance unit 10, the supply price, which is the price of goods or services excluding tax, is recorded, but taxable items and non-taxable items (tax-excluded items) are separately recorded. The date of supply is recorded in a transaction list divided into the taxable and non-taxable items. In this way, because the multi-purpose tax invoice issued by the sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 according to the present invention has a receipt function for receiving payment, when an issuer does not pay the tax, the multi-purpose tax invoice is regarded as a different tax invoice from the fact. Thus, this is a basis for excluding the purchase tax deduction of a supplied person.

[0036] In addition, the amount of supply obtained by adding the sales tax amount of the taxable items to the supply price (sales amount) is recorded in the multi-purpose tax invoice.

[0037] In a tax invoice according to the related art as illustrated in FIG. 1, taxable and non-taxable items are not distinguished from each other, but only value-added tax (VAT) in which a uniformly determined tax rate (for example, 10%) is applied to the amount of supply, is recorded. Thus, although double taxation and redemption effects cannot be eliminated, the supply price is recorded in the multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention, and the taxable and non-taxable items are separately recorded so that there is an effect of fundamentally blocking the occurrence of duplicate taxation and redemption effect.

[0038] The sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 may be issued in an electronic manner and provided to a person receiving goods or services and a taxation institution, or may be issued in a paper format.

[0039] The sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 may apply to the National Tax Service for a virtual account that can pay the amount of supply in the multi-purpose tax invoice, and may be granted and described. This is to allow deposits to the virtual account linked to the multi-purpose tax invoice so as to eliminate the concern that the supplier may not be able to deduct the purchase tax amount if the supplier does not pay the tax even though the supplier receives the amount of supply and prepares and issues a multi-purpose tax invoice after receiving the amount of supply. In addition, because the government treasury outflows when the supplied person purchases on credit and receives purchase tax deducted or refunded, this outflow can be prevented by using the virtual account.

[0040] In addition, it is preferable that the supply price of the amount deposited into the virtual account is required to be deposited to the supplier’s business account and the sales tax amount of taxable items is required to be deposited to the supplier’s sales tax account separately.

[0041] The purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 collects the multi-purpose tax invoices provided while paying the purchase price for purchasing the goods or services necessary for the goods or services to be supplied. The purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 determines whether the registration number of the person receiving the multi-purpose tax invoice issued in an electronic manner coincides with the registration number of the business operator processed by the value-added tax calculation system 1 according to the present invention, to collect multi-purpose tax invoices for purchases, or to receive the values of each item listed on the basis of multi-purpose tax invoices for purchases written on paper.

[0042] The value-added tax calculation unit 30 calculates an amount obtained by subtracting the total amount of purchase tax amount collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 from the total amount of sales tax amount issued by the sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 for a certain taxable period, as VAT. In this case, the value-added tax calculation unit 30 may regard the multi-purpose tax invoice different from the fact when the issuer of the multi-purpose tax invoice of the purchase tax collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 does not pay tax, and may exclude the purchase tax amount for the amount.

[0043] Hereinafter, a value-added tax calculation method using a multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention applied to the jewelry industry will be described.

[0044] The jewelry industry is an industry in which precious metals such as gold and silver and gemstones such as diamonds are traded separately or both are combined to plan (design, marketing) in the form of ornaments such as rings or necklaces, manufacture and process them (casting, crafting, polishing, etc.), and then are buying and selling transactions.

[0045] On the other hand, it can be seen that the consumption tax has the effect of being settled as the national tax revenue only when the consumer finally uses goods and the value of the goods disappears. Thus, when the goods supplied to consumers cannot be finally consumed, the goods should be considered that they cannot be subject to VAT. However, since the Republic of Korea imposes VAT on pure gold, value-added value is imposed whenever pure gold without consumption of value is sold to consumers, resulting in a contradiction in double taxation and a redemption effect.

[0046] In the Republic of Korea, the domestic price of gold is determined in conjunction with the international price.

[0047] That is, assuming the international price is 100, the selling price of normal gold is determined to be 110.66 ((import price(100) + floating margin(0.6)) × 1.1), and the old gold recovered after being sold to consumers is approximately 105 (collection price(102) + collection margin(2) + wholesaler margin(1)).

[0048] According to the basic principle of VAT, an old gold collector who collects old gold directly at KRW 1,020,000 and sells it at KRW 1,040,000 should bear only KRW 1,818 of VAT on the profit of KRW 20,000. In the current system, due to the redemption effect KRW 92,728, as shown in Table 1, the old gold collector has to pay more VAT as much as the redemption effect, i.e., KRW 94,546. In this case, when you issue a tax invoice, you will lose KRW 74,546, so you cannot issue a tax invoice. The old gold wholesaler who purchases old gold at KRW 1,040,000 and does not receive a tax invoice therefor will pay mor KRW 94,846 due to the redemption effect even though the normal amount of tax is KRW 909 with a profit of KRW10,000 won, so the amount of tax paid is KRW 95,455. Moreover, since the price of old gold or imported gold is linked with the international market price, it is a structure in which business operators cannot arbitrarily determine the purchase and sale price.

[0049] Thus, the redemption effect is unavoidable, and because it is practically impossible to issue a tax invoice, such gold is inevitably traded negatively.

TABLE-US-00001 Classification Business operator who collects old gold Old gold wholesaler Purchase amount Taxation Tax exemption or no data 1,020,000 1,040,000 Purchase tax amount 0 0 The amount of purchase 1,020,00 1,040,000 Added value Taxation 18,182 9,091 Tax exemption Sales amount Taxation 945,454 954,545 Tax exemption Sales tax amount 94,546 95,455 Sales supply amount (Receipt amount) 1,040,000 1,050,00 Deemed purchase tax deduction 0 0 Amount of tax paid Exact calculated VAT 1,818 909 Redemption effect 92,728 94,546 Sum 94,546 95,455

[0050] Table 2 shows an example of the value-added tax calculation method according to the related art for the entire transaction process of the jewelry industry.

[0051] Referring to Table 2, although the sum of real added value from the stage of collecting old gold in the jewelry industry, from the stage of making jewelry products, through wholesalers to retailers, is 377,273 won, the sum of the amount of tax paid under a tax invoice system according to the related art is 650,908 won, which shows that the reality is that the entire jewelry industry has no choice but to avoid VAT reporting. In this case, the national tax revenue for the entire transaction process is effectively 0 won (in Table 2, ‘Purchase amount’ and ‘Purchase tax amount’ are the content of the purchase tax invoice of the supplied person, and ‘Sales amount’ and ‘Sales tax amount’ are the content of the tax invoice issued by the supplier, and it is impossible to issue a tax invoice in the value-added tax calculation method according to the related art.)

TABLE-US-00002 Classification Old gold collector Old gold wholesaler Jewelry manufacturer Precious metal wholesaler Precious metal retailer National tax revenue Purchase amount Taxation 472,727 0 0 No data (tax exemption) 1,020,000 1,040,000 1,050,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 Purchase tax amount 0 0 47,273 0 0 The amount of purchase 1,020,000 1,040,000 1,570,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 Added value Taxation 18,182 9,091 200,000 50,000 100,000 377,273 Tax exemption Sales amount Taxation 945,454 954,545 1,627,273 1,677,273 1,777,273 Tax exemption Sales tax amount 94,546 95,455 162,727 167,727 177,727 Sales supply amount (receipt amount) 1,040,000 1,050,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 1,955,000 Deemed purchase tax deduction 0 0 0 0 0 The amount of tax paid Exact calculated VAT 1,818 909 20,000 5,000 10,000 37,727 Redemption effect 92,728 94,546 95,454 162,727 167,727 613,181 Sum 94,546 95,455 115,454 167,727 177,727 650,908

[0052] Referring to Table 3, when the deemed purchase tax for old gold is deducted at a rate of 10/110 for old gold collectors, the double taxation and redemption effect of all domestic business operators is eliminated. However, when exporting old gold, an outflow of the national treasury occurs as much as the deemed purchase tax deduction. In other words, the government gets paid 1,818 won for old gold collectors, 909 won for old gold wholesalers, 20,000 won for jewelry manufacturers, 5,000 won for jewelry wholesalers and 520,000 × 10/110 = 47,272 won for jewelry suppliers, totaling 74,999 won and refunded 167,727 won. Therefore, a treasury loss of KRW 92,728 occurs.

TABLE-US-00003 Classification Old gold collector Old gold wholesaler Jewelry manufacturer Precious metal wholesaler Precious metal exporter National tax revenue Purchase amount Taxation 945,454 1,427,273 1,627,273 1,677,273 No data (tax exemption) 1,020,000 Purchase tax amount 0 94,545 142,727 162,727 167,727 The amount of purchase 1,020,000 1,040,000 1,570,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 Added value Taxation 18,182 9,091 200,000 50,000 100,000 377,273 Tax exemption Sales amount Taxation 945,454 954,545 1,627,273 1,677,273 1,955,000 Tax exemption Sales tax amount 94,545 95,455 162,727 167,727 0 Sales supply amount (receipt amount) 1,040,000 1,050,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 1,955,000 Deemed purchase tax deduction 92,727 0 0 0 0 The amount of tax paid Exact calculated VAT 1,818 909 20,000 5,000 Refunded 167,727 Treasury loss of 92,728 Redemption effect Sum 1,818 909 20,000 5,000 37,727

[0053] In contrast, according to the value-added value calculation method using the multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention, as shown in Table 4, multi-purpose tax invoices are received from the business operators that collect old gold for the first time to the retailers of jewelry products, and it shows a situation where only 10% of the value added produced by the business operators and the retailers for each transaction stage is taxed. Here, it can be seen that the value-added (excluding the value-added for jewelry) produced in all transactions is 377,273 won, and the tax paid is 37,727 won (in Table 4, ‘Purchase amount’ and ‘Purchase tax amount’ are the content of the supplied person’s multi-purpose purchase tax invoice, and ‘Salesamount’ and ‘Salestax amount’ are the content of the multi-purpose tax invoice issued by the supplier, and in the case of issuing a multi-purpose tax invoice, it can be seen that it has been improved so that only the VAT produced by the supplier can be paid.)

TABLE-US-00004 Classification Old gold collector Old gold wholesaler Jewelry manufacturer Precious metal wholesaler Precious metal retailer National tax revenue Purchase amount Taxation 18,181 500,000 700,000 750,000 No data (tax exemption) 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 Purchase tax amount 0 1,818 50,000 70,000 75,000 The amount of purchase 1,020,000 1,040,000 1,570,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 Added value Taxation 18,182 9,091 200,000 50,000 100,000 377,273 Tax exemption Sales amount Taxation 18,182 27,272 700,000 750,000 850,000 Tax exemption 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 1,020,000 Sales tax amount 1,818 2,727 70,000 75,000 85,000 Sales supply amount (receipt amount) 1,040,000 1,050,000 1,790,000 1,845,000 1,955,000 Deemed purchase tax deduction 0 0 0 0 The amount of tax paid Exact calculated VAT 1,818 909 20,000 5,000 10,000 37,727 Redemption effect 0 Sum 1,818 909 20,000 5,000 10,000 37,727

[0054] Hereinafter, the value-added tax calculation method using the multi-purpose tax invoice according to the present invention applied to precious metal wholesalers in the jewelry industry will be described in detail.

[0055] In the value-added tax calculation system 1 of the precious metal wholesaler, the sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 issues a multi-purpose tax invoice for sales on the date of receipt (e.g., Mar. 20, 2020) of the amount of supply for precious metal from the precious metal retailers, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. As shown in FIG. 4B, the supply prices (sales amount) is recorded in the multi-purpose tax invoice, but the taxable items (750,000 won) and the non-taxable items (1,020,000 won) are separately recorded in the multi-purpose tax invoice. The date of supply (e.g., Feb. 25, 2020) is written in the transaction list divided into taxable and non-taxable items. Because the multi-purpose tax invoice issued in this way has a function of receipt of payment, when the issuer does not pay the tax, the multi-purpose tax invoice will be regarded as a different tax invoice from the fact, and there is no basis for excluding the purchase tax deduction of the supplied person. In addition, in the multi-purpose sales tax invoice, the amount of supply (1,845,000 won) is recorded by adding the sales tax amount (75,000 won) of the taxable item to the supply price (1,770,000 won).

[0056] Although not shown in FIG. 4B, the sales tax invoice issuing unit 10 may apply to the National Tax Service for a virtual account that can pay the amount of supply in the multi-purpose tax invoice and be given and described. This is to allow deposits to the virtual account linked to the multi-purpose tax invoice so as to eliminate the concern that the supplier may not be able to receive deduction of the purchase tax amount if the supplier does not pay the tax even though the supplier receives the amount of supply and prepares and issues a multi-purpose tax invoice after receiving the amount of supply. In addition, because the government treasury outflows when the supplied person purchases on credit and receives purchase tax deducted or refunded, this outflow can be prevented by using the virtual account.

[0057] In addition, it is preferable that the amount of supply of the amount deposited into the virtual account is deposited to the supplier’s business account and the sales tax amount of taxable items is deposited to the supplier’s sales tax account separately.

[0058] On the other hand, in the value-added tax calculation system 1 of the precious metal wholesaler, the multi-purpose tax invoice (see FIG. 4A) provided while paying the purchase price for purchasing the precious metal for sale to the precious metal retailer is collected. In the multi-purpose tax invoice for purchase, the purchase amount is 1,790,000 won, but this is the sum of taxable items (700,000 won) and non-taxable items (1,020,000 won) plus value-added tax (70,0000 won) on taxable items.

[0059] Thus, the value-added tax calculation unit 30 of the value-added tax calculation system 1 of the precious metal wholesaler calculates the amount (5,000 won) obtained by subtracting the total amount of purchase tax (70,000 won) collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 from the total amount of sales tax (75,000 won) issued by the sales tax invoice issuance unit 10 for a certain tax period. In this case, when the issuer of the multi-purpose tax invoice of the purchase tax amount collected by the purchase tax invoice collection unit 20 does not pay tax, the value-added tax collection unit 30 of the value-added tax calculation system 1 of the precious metal wholesaler regards the case as a multi-purpose tax invoice different from the fact and excludes the purchase tax deduction for the amount.

[0060] While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.