Adjustable dumbbell and its use method

20230120364 ยท 2023-04-20

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    The invention relates to an adjustable dumbbell and its use method. The dumbbell comprises a base and a dumbbell body, the dumbbell body comprises a handle and a bell piece, the handle is a combination of a central shaft and a handle sleeve, the handle is also connected with an indexing plate, a gear piece and a bell piece box, the ends on both sides of the central shaft are provided with a snap ring groove and a gear step from the outside to the inside, and the indexing plate is provided with a lock The bell box is connected with a bell box cover, the bell box cover is connected with a locking leaf spring and a steel ball spring, the locking leaf spring is connected with a locking leaf, and the steel ball spring is connected with a steel ball.

    Claims

    1. An adjustable dumbbell comprises a base (1) and a dumbbell body, wherein the dumbbell body comprises a handle (2) and a bell piece (3), the handle (2) is a combination of a central shaft (6) and a handle sleeve (7), the handle (2) is also connected with an indexing plate (10), a shift piece (11) and a bell piece box (12), and the ends of both sides of the central shaft (6) are arranged from the outside to the inside The dividing disc (10) is provided with a locking piece positioning groove (14) and a steel ball position hole (15), the bell box (12) is connected with a bell box cover (13), the bell box cover (13) is connected with a locking piece spring (16) and a steel ball spring (18), the locking piece spring (16) is connected with a locking piece (17), and the locking piece (17) is connected with a locking piece (17) A steel pin is connected with the ball spring (18), and a steel ball (19) is connected with the ball spring (18).

    2. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the base (1) is provided with a bell slot (4) and an unlocking device (5), the middle of the bell slot (4) is provided with a partition wall (21) with the same distance, and the unlocking device (5) is a right angle trapezoid with an upper bottom on the side near the center of the base (1).

    3. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the handle sleeve (7) is a hollow cylinder with a large semicircle hole in the center, the central shaft (6) is rod-shaped, and its cross section is large semicircle, that is, the circle is cut off, and the snap ring groove (8) is a circle of depression on the central shaft (6).

    4. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the gear step (9) comprises N steps, all of which are notches on the central axis (6), the notch depth of the first step is the shallowest, which is deepened in turn, and the N steps are arranged clockwise or counterclockwise in turn, and the starting position of the N steps on the outer side of the central axis (6) is the same, which is on the central axis (6) In the middle direction, the length of the first step is the longest, which is shortened in turn.

    5. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the dividing disc (10) is a circular plate with a notch, in which the radius of one part of the circle is slightly larger than that of the other parts, and is connected with the central shaft (6) through a snap ring groove (8) and a large semicircle dividing disc limiting hole (27) in the center of the dividing disc (10), and the locking plate positioning groove (14) is the radius of the dividing disc (10) The steel ball shift hole (15) is a circular hole evenly distributed on the inner side of the dividing disc (10); the number of locking plate positioning slots (14) is n+1, including a start gear (22), the height of the start gear (22) is not consistent with the maximum gear, which has positioning function; the steel ball shift hole (15) is located in a small radius The number of large semicircles is equal to the number of steps with different rotation angles on the shift step (9), and the ball shift hole (15) corresponds to the shift step (9) one by one.

    6. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the gear plate (11) is a circle, and the positioning structure of the central shaft (6) is a large semicircle type gear plate limiting hole (27) in the center of the gear plate (11), the surface of the gear plate (11) contains a gear mark (20), and the gear mark (20) is a number, which is the same number as the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the indexing disc (10) In addition to the minimum gear mark (20), the gear mark (20) is one-to-one corresponding to the gear step; the gear mark (20) can be hidden, and only one corresponding weight gear mark (20) is displayed each time the weight is adjusted.

    7. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the bell piece (3) is a large semicircle with a flat bottom, and the internal control semicircle hole (24) is located at the intersection of the positioning opening (23) and the center of the bell piece.

    8. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the dumbbell box (12) is an elliptic cylinder, and is provided with a partition wall (25) for fixing the dumbbell pieces at an equal distance. One side of the elliptic column is provided with a semicircular hole (26) of the dumbbell box, and the semicircular hole (26) of the dumbbell box and the control semicircle (24) of the dumbbell pieces can be connected through the gear step (9).

    9. The adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein the bell box cover (13) is a cylinder, and there are a plurality of holes connecting the locking leaf spring (16), the steel ball spring (18) and the locking leaf (17) inside, and a baffle (29) is also arranged on the leading leaf box cover (13), and the baffle (29) is connected with the central shaft (6) through a snap spring groove (8).

    10. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 1, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    11. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 2, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    12. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 3, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    13. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 4, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    14. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 5, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    15. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 6, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    16. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 7, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    17. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 8, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    18. The method for using the adjustable dumbbell according to claim 9, wherein: when the dumbbell body is placed on the base (1), the unlocking device (5) applies a force to the locking leaf spring (16) to push the locking leaf (17) to separate the locking leaf (17) from the locking leaf positioning groove (14), at this time, the unlocking device (5) is in the unlocking state, and the handle (2) can rotate to select a gear; and When the handle (2) rotates, the steel ball spring (18) can press the steel ball (19) to rotate on the dividing disc (10), the steel ball (19) can fall into the steel ball shift hole (15), and the functions of adjusting and locking can be realized; when the handle (2) rotates, the shift plate (11) will synchronously rotate to the required shift mark (20); the dumbbell body leaves the base (1) At the same time, the thrust on the lock plate (17) disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove (14) of the dividing disc (10) to lock the rotation of the handle (2).

    Description

    DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

    [0032] The invention is further described in combination with the drawings and the embodiments.

    [0033] FIG. 1 is the structural diagram of the lock piece unlocking state when the dumbbell body is placed on the base;

    [0034] FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the base of the present invention;

    [0035] FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the central shaft of the present invention;

    [0036] FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the shift piece of the present invention;

    [0037] FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the handle sleeve of the present invention;

    [0038] FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of the bell piece of the present invention;

    [0039] FIG. 7 is a structural diagram of the dividing disc of the present invention;

    [0040] FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of the bell box cover of the present invention;

    [0041] FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of the bell box of the present invention;

    [0042] FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of the state of the dumbbell when the dumbbell body is detached from the base

    [0043] FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of the dumbbell body when it is used without the base.

    [0044] In the above figures: 1. Base; 2. Handle; 3. Bell piece; 4. Bell piece groove; 5. Unlocking device; 6. Central shaft; 7. Handle sleeve; 8. Snap spring groove; 9. Gear step; 10. Dividing disc; 11. Gear piece; 4. Locking device; 12. Bell box; 13, bell box cover; 14, lock positioning slot; 15, ball position hole; 16, lock spring; 17, lock plate; 18, ball spring; 19, ball; 20, gear identification; 21, bell slot isolation wall; 22, starting gear; 23, bell positioning port; 24, bell control hole; 25, bell box isolation wall; 26, bell box semicircular hole; 27. Dividing plate limit hole; 28. Gear plate limit hole; 29. Baffle.

    MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

    [0045] The technical scheme of the present invention will be described in detail by means of embodiments with reference to the drawings. It should be noted here that the description of these embodiments is used to help understand the invention, but does not constitute a limitation of the invention.

    Example 1

    [0046] The embodiment mainly introduces the main structure of the invention.

    [0047] As shown in FIG. 1, it shows the structure of the lock piece unlocking state when the dumbbell body is placed on the base. An adjustable dumbbell comprises a base 1 and a dumbbell body. The base 1 is provided with a bell piece groove 4 and an unlocking device 5. The dumbbell body comprises a handle 2 and a bell piece 3. The handle 2 is a combination of a central shaft 6 and a handle sleeve 7. The ends on both sides of the central shaft 6 are provided with a snap spring groove 8 and a gear step 9 from the outside to the inside. The central shaft 6 is also connected with an indexing plate 10, a gear piece 11 and a bell piece box 12 The dividing disc 10 is provided with a locking piece positioning groove 14 and a steel ball shift hole 15, the bell box 12 is connected with a bell box cover 13, the bell box cover 13 is connected with a locking piece spring 16 and a steel ball spring 18, the locking piece spring 16 is connected with a locking piece 17, the locking piece 17 is connected with a steel pin, the steel ball spring 18 is connected with a steel ball 19, and the shift piece is provided with a gear mark 20, The bell box 12 is provided with a partition wall 25, and the bell box cover 13 is connected with a baffle 29.

    [0048] As shown in FIG. 2, it shows the structure of the base 1 of the present invention. The base 1 contains a bell slot 4 and an unlocking device 5. The middle of the bell slot 4 is provided with a partition wall 21 with the same distance, so that each bell 3 is placed at the same distance. When the bell 3 is placed naturally, it can stay at the same vertical angle and the opening direction is the same without adjustment. The unlocking device 5 is located at the same position On both sides of the base 1, the unlocking device 5 is a right angle trapezoid with an upper bottom on the side near the center of the base 1.

    [0049] As shown in FIG. 4, it shows the structure of the stop plate 11 of the present invention. The stop plate 11 is circular, and the positioning structure with the central shaft 6 is a large semicircle stop hole 27 in the center of the stop plate 11, and the surface of the stop plate 11 contains a stop mark 20.

    [0050] As shown in FIG. 5, it shows the structure of the handlebar sleeve 7 of the invention. The handlebar sleeve 7 can be directly die cast on the central shaft 6, or the prepared cylinder with a large semicircular hole in the center can be sheathed on the central shaft 6 to prevent the handlebar sleeve 7 from sliding with the central shaft 6.

    [0051] As shown in FIG. 6, it shows the structure of the bell piece 3 of the present invention. The bell piece 3 is a large semicircle with a flat bottom, and the internal control semicircle hole 24 is located at the intersection of the positioning opening 23 and the bell piece center.

    [0052] As shown in FIG. 7, it shows the structure of the indexing disc 10 of the present invention. The indexing disc 10 is a circular plate with a notch, in which the radius of one part of the circle is slightly larger than that of the other parts. It is connected with the central shaft 6 through a snap ring groove 8 and a large semicircle indexing disc limit hole 27 in the center of the indexing disc 10. The locking plate positioning groove 14 is a groove distributed on the periphery of the indexing disc 10, and the steel ball shift hole 15 is a round hole evenly distributed on the inner side of the dividing disc.

    [0053] As shown in FIG. 8, it shows the structure of the bell box cover 13 of the present invention. The bell box cover is a cylinder, which contains a plurality of holes for fixing and placing the lock spring 16, the lock 17, and the ball spring 18. The collar box cover is also provided with a baffle 29, which is connected with the central shaft 6 through a snap spring groove 8.

    [0054] As shown in FIG. 9, it shows the structure of the bell box 12 of the present invention. The bell box 12 is an elliptic cylinder, and is equipped with a bell box partition wall 25 for fixing the bell pieces with equal distance. One side of the elliptic column contains a bell box semicircular hole 26.

    [0055] The embodiment has simple structure, only connects with each part through the central shaft, has less accessories, simple structure, and is easy to assemble, which makes it very easy for the user to select the weight of the dumbbell.

    Example 2

    [0056] The embodiment is carried out on the basis of the above embodiment 1, and mainly introduces the unlocking device of the invention.

    [0057] The same points as those in embodiment 1 will not be repeated.

    [0058] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, the preferred embodiment of the present invention shows the structure of the lock piece unlocking state when the dumbbell body is placed on the base. When the dumbbell body is placed on the base 1, the unlocking device 5 applies force to the locking spring 16 to push the locking plate 17 to separate the locking plate 17 from the locking plate positioning groove 14. At this time, the unlocking device 5 is in the unlocking state, and the handle 2 can rotate to select the gear.

    [0059] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, it shows the structure of the base 1 of this embodiment. The base 1 contains a bell slot 4 and an unlocking device 5. The unlocking device 5 is located on both sides of the base 1, and the unlocking device 5 is a right angle trapezoid with an upper bottom on the side near the center of the base 1.

    [0060] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, it shows the structure of the indexing plate 10 of this embodiment. The locking plate positioning groove 14 on the indexing plate 10 is a groove evenly distributed on the periphery of the large semicircle of the smaller radius part of the indexing plate 10; the number of the locking plate positioning groove 14 is n+1, including a starting gear 22, and the heights of the two sides of the starting gear 22 and the maximum gear are inconsistent, which has the positioning function.

    [0061] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, when the dumbbell body leaves the base 1, the thrust on the lock plate 17 disappears and it is inserted into the lock plate positioning groove 14 of the indexing disc 10 to lock the rotation of the handle 2, so as to prevent the lock plate from sliding and causing injury.

    [0062] In this embodiment, the unlocking device is used to increase the thrust to the lock spring to realize the locking and unlocking of the dumbbell body, which is simple in structure, convenient and fast; the lock plate is used to control the rotation of the dumbbell body, when the lock plate is inserted into the dividing plate, the handle, the bell plate and the bell plate box will not move at will, the bell plate can be safely fixed on the handle, and the use process is safe and reliable, with low failure rate.

    [0063] When the dumbbell body is placed on the base 1, the unlocking device 5 applies force to the locking spring 16 to push the locking plate 17 to separate the locking plate 17 from the locking plate positioning groove 14. At this time, the unlocking device 5 is in the unlocking state, and the handle 2 can rotate to select a gear; when the handle 2 rotates, the steel ball spring 18 can press the steel ball 19 to rotate on the indexing plate 10, and The steel ball 19 can fall into the steel ball gear hole 15, which can realize the function of adjusting gear and locking; when the handle 2 rotates, the gear plate 11 will synchronously rotate to the required gear mark 20; when the dumbbell body leaves the base 1, the thrust of the lock plate 17 disappears and is inserted into the lock plate positioning slot 14 of the indexing disc 10, which locks the rotation of the handle 2.

    Example 3

    [0064] The embodiment is carried out on the basis of embodiment 1 or 2, and mainly introduces the gear adjusting device of the invention.

    [0065] The same as the above embodiments will not be described in detail.

    [0066] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3, it shows the structure of the central shaft 6 of this embodiment. The central shaft 6 is rod-shaped, and its cross section is large semicircle, that is, the circle is cut off. The ends of both sides of the central shaft 6 are provided with a snap ring groove 8 and a gear step 9 from the outside to the inside. The gear step 9 includes N steps, n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, and N steps are on the central shaft 6 The notch depth of the first step is the shallowest and deepens in turn, and the N steps are arranged clockwise or anticlockwise in turn. The starting position of the N steps on the outer side of the central axis 6 is the same, and the length of the first step is the longest and shortens in turn in the middle direction of the central axis 6.

    [0067] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, it shows the structure of the bell piece 3 of this embodiment. The bell piece 3 is a large semicircle with a flat bottom, and the internal control semicircle hole 24 is located at the intersection of the positioning intersection 23 and the bell piece center.

    [0068] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, it shows the structure of the indexing disc 10 of this embodiment. The number of large semicircles on the smaller part of the radius of the ball shift hole 15 on the indexing disc 10 is equal to the number of steps with different rotation angles on the shift step 9, and the ball shift hole 15 corresponds to the shift step 9 one by one. When the handle 2 rotates, the ball spring 18 can press the ball 19, The steel ball 19 can fall into the steel ball shift hole 15 and realize the function of adjusting and locking.

    [0069] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, it shows the structure of the bell box 12 of this embodiment. The bell box 12 is an elliptic cylinder, and is equipped with a bell box partition wall 25 for fixing the bell pieces with equal distance. One side of the elliptic column contains a bell box semicircle hole 26, and the bell box semicircle hole 26 and the bell control semicircle 24 can be connected through the gear step 9.

    [0070] In this embodiment, different weights are automatically selected by rotating the handle to different gear steps, and it is convenient to operate and easy to control without manually removing and adding the counterweight bell piece.

    Example 4

    [0071] This embodiment is based on any one or any combination of embodiments 1-3, and mainly introduces the weight display device of the invention. The same as the above embodiments will not be described in detail.

    [0072] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, it shows the structure of the shift plate 11 of this embodiment, the shift plate 11 is circular, and the positioning structure of the central shaft 6 is the large semicircle shift plate limit hole 27 in the center of the shift plate 11, and the shift plate 11 surface contains the shift mark 20; the shift mark 20 is a number, which is consistent with the number of the lock plate positioning slots 14 of the indexing disc 10, except for the minimum shift mark 20 When the handle 2 rotates, it will synchronously rotate to the required gear mark 20.

    [0073] Further, the gear identification 20 can be hidden, and only one corresponding weight gear mark 20 is displayed each time the weight is adjusted.

    [0074] Further, as shown in FIG. 11, it shows the structure of the dumbbell body in the embodiment when it is used when it is separated from the base. The gear plate can directly display the weight of the bell plates on both sides after the dumbbell adjustment.

    [0075] The embodiment shows the weight of dumbbell clearly and intuitively by matching the gear adjustment of the steel ball on the indexing plate with the text mark of the gear piece, and effectively controls the weight balance of both sides.

    [0076] The invention has been explained through the above embodiments, but it should be understood that the above embodiments are only used for the purposes of examples and explanations, rather than intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, the invention can have various changes and changes, including the combination and reorganization of technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the invention.