Targeted Radiopharmaceutical for Tumor and Its Use in the Imaging-guided Combination Therapy of Targeted Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy

Abstract

A pharmacological composition contains a complex having a structurally modified RGD polypeptide a radionuclide. This pharmacological composition is useful for diagnosis or treatment of the integrin αvβ3-positive tumors. The pharmacological composition may further contain an immunotherapeutic medicament and an optional nanoantibody molecular imaging probe. Treatment with a PD-L1 blockade after the targeted radioactive therapy can archive the optimal synergic efficacy. Moreover, with administration of PD-1 or PD-L1 nanoantibody molecular imaging probe, expression of PD-1 or PD-L1 in the tumor after targeted radiotherapy can be observed.

Claims

1. A RGD polypeptide as defined by the following formula: A-(L)n-RGD polypeptide in which A has the structure below: ##STR00012## L represents a linking arm molecule with the following structure: ##STR00013## wherein m is an integer from 1 to 8, e.g. from 2 to 6, preferably 5; the said L is bonded to A by reacting its carboxyl group with an amino group in A, for example, via a *-marked carboxyl group in L bonded with A; n is 0 or 1; when n is 0, said RGD polypeptide is bonded by reacting its amino group with a carboxyl group in A; when n is 1, said RGD polypeptide is bonded by reacting its amino group with another carboxyl group in L, for example, bonded by reacting the **-marked carboxyl group in L with the RGD polypeptide when the *-marked carboxyl group in L is linked to A; TRGD polypeptide is selected from the group consisting of c(RGDfV), c(RGDfK), c(RGDfE), c(RGDyk), E[c(RGDyk)].sub.2, E[c(RGDfK)].sub.2, and 3PRGD.sub.2.

2. A radionuclide-labelled complex comprising the RGD polypeptide of claim 1, having a structure as defined below: Nu-BFC-A-(L)n-RGD polypeptide, wherein Nu is a radionuclide, e.g., a diagnostic imaging nuclide: .sup.111In .sup.64Cu, .sup.99mTc, .sup.68Ga, or a therapeutic nuclide: .sup.90Y, .sup.177Lu, .sup.89Sr, .sup.153Sm, .sup.188Re; BFC is a bifunctional chelator, e.g., HYNIC (hydrazino nicotinamide), MAG.sub.2 (mercaptoacetyl diglycine), MAG.sub.3 (mercaptoacetyl triglycine), DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid), DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid), NOTA (1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-tricarboxylic acid), TETA (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid); when n is 0, the said bifunctional chelator is bonded by reacting the carboxyl group found in its structure with-NH.sub.2 in A; when n is 1, the said bifunctional chelator is bonded by reacting the carboxyl group found in its structure with-NH.sub.2 in L.

3. The complex of claim 2, wherein the BFC is selected from the group consisting of DTPA and DOTA upon Nu being .sup.90Y or .sup.177Lu; DTPA and DOTA upon Nu being .sup.111In; TETA and DOTA upon Nu being .sup.64Cu; NOTA and DOTA upon Nu being .sup.68 Ga; and HTNIC, DTPA, MAG.sub.2, MAG.sub.3 upon Nu being .sup.99mTc.

4. The complex of claim 2, set forth as follows: .sup.68 Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk); .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2; .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2; preferably, having the following structure: ##STR00014##

5. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising an effective amount of the labelled Nu-BFX-A-(L)n-RGD polypeptide complex of claim 2, preferably, the said pharmacological composition being an intravenous injection, e.g. a colorless, clear, liquid injection, preferably, the said pharmacological composition further comprising an anti-absorbent, e.g. normal saline, aqueous solution of 1% cyclodextrin, and/or PBS solution with Tween-20 (e.g. with the mass fraction of 0.01% to 0.1% Tween-20).

6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein Nu is .sup.90Y and .sup.177Lu and the said medicament is used in the targeted radioactive treatment of the integrin αvβ3-positive tumors.

7. A pharmacological composition, comprising the targeted radiation therapy medicament and the immunotherapeutic medicament of claim 6, and optional nanoantibody molecular imaging probe, the preferable labelled complex being .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, and the preferable immunotherapeutic medicament being a PD-1 or PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, e.g. a PD-1 or PD-L1 monoclonal medicament, the preferred nanoantibody molecular imaging probe being a PD-1 or PD-L1 nanoantibody molecular imaging probe, e.g. .sup.99mTc-MY1523.

8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5, wherein the said targeted radiation therapy medicament and the immunotherapeutic medicament can be administered simultaneously or sequentially; for example, the said immunotherapeutic medicament can be administered after the targeted radiation therapy medicament, and preferably, the said immunotherapeutic medicament is administered 3 to 6 days after administration of the targeted radiation therapy medicament, and preferably, the said nanoantibody molecular imaging probe is administered after administration of the targeted radioactive treatment and before administration of the immunotherapeutic medicament.

9. A kit, loaded separately with the targeted radiation therapy medicament of claim 6, an immunotherapeutic medicament, and an optional nanoantibody molecular imaging probe.

10. Use of the polypeptide of claim 1 in preparing a medicament for diagnosis or treatment of integrin an αvβ3-positive tumor, preferably, the said tumor referring to a solid tumor, e.g. a malignant neoplasm in the sites such as blood, liver, glands (e.g. mammary gland, prostate gland, pancreas), intestine (e.g. colorectum), kidney, stomach, spleen, lung, muscular, bone, etc.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0071] FIGS. 1A-1B: The chromatogram of radio-HPLC for .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk), the final product of Example 1. FIG. 1A is the chromatogram before purification and FIG. 1B is the chromatogram after purification.

[0072] FIG. 2: The biodistribution of the molecular probe and the control probe of Example 1 in the body of the LLC-bearing C57BL/6J mice.

[0073] FIG. 3: The chromatogram of radio-HPLC for .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2, the final product of Example 3.

[0074] FIG. 4: Graph for the result of the blood clearance experiment in Example 3.

[0075] FIG. 5: Pictures for SPECT/CT imaging the U87 MG-bearing nude mice in Example 3.

[0076] FIGS. 6A-6D: The comparison chart of the % Dig in U87 tumor, the tumor/kidney, tumor/muscle, and tumor/liver ratios of the inventive and control probes in the SPECT/CT imaging result of Example 3.

[0077] FIG. 7: The distribution of the molecular probe of Example 3 in the body of the U87 MG-bearing nude mice.

[0078] FIG. 8: The chromatogram of radio-HPLC for .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, the final product of Example 7.

[0079] FIG. 9: Graph for the results of the blood clearance experiment on the molecular probe of Example 7.

[0080] FIG. 10: Graphs for SPECT/CT imaging the U87 MG-bearing nude mice with the molecular probe of Example 7.

[0081] FIGS. 11A-11C: The biodistribution of the molecular probe of Example 7 in the body of the U87-bearing mice.

[0082] FIGS. 12A-12B: The trending graph for the volume of the tumor radioactively treated with the molecular probe of Example 7 as a function of time.

[0083] FIGS. 13A-13D: Biodistribution of the molecular probe of Example 7 in the MC-38-bearing mouse model, the graph for SPECT/CT imaging the MC-38-bearing nude mice therewith, and the trending graph for the volume of the tumor radioactively treated therewith as a function of time in the MC-38-bearing mouse model.

[0084] FIGS. 14A-14C: The treatment experiment on .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 in the MC-38-bearing mouse model. FIG. 14A shows a targeted radiotherapy with different dosages administered (n=7); FIG. 14B shows the changes in the body weight of the mouse during the treatment (n=7); FIG. 14C shows a treatment experiment in which immune exhaustion is performed with CD8 antibodies in the targeted radiotherapy (n=7).

[0085] FIGS. 15A-15B: Tumor immune microenvironment at Day 6 after the targeted radiotherapy. FIG. 15A shows the percentage of T lymphocytes in the tumor digestive cells in the tumor tissue after treatment with 0 to 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 (n=4); FIG. 15B shows PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and myeloid cells (n=4). Cell grouping: CD8.sup.+ T cells (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD8.sup.+), CD4.sup.+ T cells (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD4.sup.+), T-reg cells (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD4.sup.+Foxp3.sup.+), tumor cells (CD45.sup.−), myeloid cell (CD45.sup.+CD11b.sup.+).

[0086] FIGS. 16A-16B: SPECT/CT imaging with .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody. FIG. 16A is dynamic imaging 0, 3 and 6 days after treatment with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 (n=3, *P<0.05);FIG. 16B is the imaging at Day 6 after treatment with 0, 9 and 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 and the background imaging after treatment at a dose of 18 MBq.

[0087] FIGS. 17A and 17B: Biodistribution of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody. FIG. 17A is the Biodistribution of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody 2 hrs after being injected into the mouse, at Day 6 after treatment with 0 to 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. FIG. 17B is the linear analysis on PD-L1 expression on myeloid cells within the tumor and the uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody into the tumor.

[0088] FIGS. 18A and 18B: the therapeutic window of the targeted radiation in combination with PD-L1 blockade. FIG. 18A shows the dynamic changes in PD-L1 on tumor cells and myeloid cells in the tumors microenvironment 3 to 12 days after treatment with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 (n 25=4), FIG. 18B shows the single anti-PD-L1 combination therapy administered 3 to 12 days after the targeted radiotherapy (n=7, **P<0.01).

[0089] FIGS. 19A-19C: Verification of the synergy for the targeted radiation in combination with PD-L1 blockade. FIG. 19A is the single anti-PD-L 1 blockade therapy at the different time points (n=7);

[0090] FIG. 19B is the anti-PD-L1 blockade combination therapy after neutralization , before the targeted radiotherapy and (n=7);FIG. 19C is the survival rate of mice for the combination therapy (n=7).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] The above and other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be explained and illustrated below in more details by describing the Examples of the invention. It should be understood that the Examples below are intended to illustrate exemplarily the technical solutions the present invention, but not to limit in any way the scope of protection of the invention defined in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

[0092] Unless otherwise specified, materials and reagents herein are all the commercially available products, or can be prepared according to the state of the art by the person of skill.

[0093] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the starting materials, reagents, intermediates, the target compounds or reaction formulas in the Examples below are all exemplary technology solutions for the compounds of general formula hereinabove or the reaction therefor, where one or more of the particular compounds or the particular reaction formulas all can be combined with generic technology solutions of the invention, and the technology solution arising after the combination should be construed as the technology solution documented in the specification.

[0094] Statistical analysis

[0095] The experimental results are expressed in the form of the mean±standard deviation (mean±SD). The results are analyzed statistically for intergroup difference with Analysis of Variance and t test. P<0.05 is believed to be statistically different (*).

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of .SUP.68.Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk)

[0096] The schematic pathway for synthesizing DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) is as follows:

##STR00006## ##STR00007##

[0097] (1) Synthesis of Compound 1

[0098] 4-(4-iodophenyl)butanoic acid (9.8 mg, 33.8 mmol) is weighed, added into a single-port flask, and dissolved in 400 μL of DMF. NHS (3.9 mg, 33.9 mmol) is added. Furthermore, 5.3 μL of DIC is added. The reaction is stirred thermostatically at 30° C. for 2 h and monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether:acetic acid=100:200:2) until disappearance of the starting materials. Upon completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water three times. The ethyl acetate phase is dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate, concentrated and then isolated by column chromatography (ethyl acetate : petroleum ether:acetic acid=100:200:2). Fractions are collected and tested. The collected product is subjected to rotary evaporation to dryness, resulting in 10.2 mg of a white solid with a yield of 78%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0099] MS (ESI): m/z=387.2137 (the chemical formula: C.sub.14H.sub.14INO.sub.4 and the calculated molecular weight: 387.00). A small amount of the solid was obtained, weighed, re-dissolved and identified by

[0100] HPLC to be of >98% purity.

[0101] (2) Synthesis of Compound 2

[0102] Compound 1 (20 mg, 51.7 mmol) is weighed, added into a round-bottomed flask with 500 μL of DMF and dissolved. Then, Fmoc-D-Lys.HCL (22.8 mg, 56.3 mmol) is weighed and added into the flask. 12 μL of DIEA is added to adjust the pH to be 8.5. The reaction is stirred thermostatically at 30° C. for 0.5 h and monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether:acetic acid=100:200:1) until disappearance of the starting materials. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is dissolved in 20 mL of ethyl acetate, washed respectively with 20 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and 20 mL of water three times. The ethyl acetate layer is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate and subjected to rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to dryness, resulting in a yellow viscous liquid of 26.5 mg. The yield is 85%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0103] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z=1718.33 (M+H).sup.+, 1741.02 (M+Na).sup.+ (the chemical formula: C.sub.80H.sub.119N.sub.25O.sub.16S and the calculated molecular weight: 1719.02 Da.). A small amount of the product is obtained, weighed, re-dissolved and assayed by HPLC to be of 96.7% purity.

[0104] (3) Synthesis of Compound 3

[0105] Compound 2 (10 mg, 15.6 mmol) is weighed, added into a single-port flask, and dissolved in 500 μL of DMF, followed by addition of NHS (1.83 mg, 15.9 mmol). Furthermore, 4 μL of DIC is added into the single-port flask. The reaction is stirred at 35° C. for 35 minutes. When being heated for min, the suspension is found to become clear. The reaction is monitored by TLC (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether:acetic acid=100:200:1) until disappearance of the starting materials. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution is dissolved in 20 mL of ethyl acetate, washed respectively with 20 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution and 20 mL of water three times. The ethyl acetate layer is dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate, concentrated and then isolated by column chromatography (ethyl acetate:petroleum ether=1:1). Fractions are collected and tested. The collected product is subjected to rotary evaporation under reduced pressure to dryness, resulting in 8.02 mg of a white solid with a yield of 70%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0106] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z=760.2 (M+Na).sup.+ (the chemical formula: C35H36IN307, the calculated molecular weight:737.16).

[0107] (4) Synthesis of Compound 4

[0108] Compound 3 (11.5 mg, 15.6 mmol) is weighed into a 1 mL EP tube and dissolved in 500 μL of DMF. c(RGDfk) (9.4 mg, 15.6 mmol) is added, followed by addition of DIEA to adjust pH to 8.5. The reaction runs at 30° C. for 2 hrs. The reaction is monitored by HPLC. HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography) procedure 1: Agilent 1100 Series HPLC system equipped with YMC-Pack ODS-A C18 Semi-Preparative Column (10 mm×250 mm, 120 Å pore size, particle size of 5 μm) is used with a gradient rinsing for 25 minutes and a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, in which the mobile phase A is an aqueous solution and B is acetonitrile (containing 0.05% TFA). The gradient for rinsing is set as follows: 100% A and 0% B at the start, 0% A and 100% B at 20 min, and 100% A and 0% B at 25 min. There is a peak at 14.854 min for the product.

[0109] (5) Synthesis of Compound 5

[0110] 125 μL of piperidine is added into the EP tube in the last step, the Fmoc protective group is deprotected, 500 μL of ethyl ether is added into the reaction system and high-speed centrifugal sedimentation is performed. The ethyl ether phase is discarded and the resulting product is a white solid of about 9.55 mg with a yield of 61%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0111] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z [C.sub.43H.sub.62IN.sub.11O.sub.9].sup.+ (M+H).sup.+, 1004.38; the observed value: 1004.88. A small amount of the solid was obtained, weighed, dissolved and identified by HPLC to be of 94.4% purity.

[0112] (6) Synthesis of Compound 6

[0113] Compound 5 (5 mg, 4.98 mmol) is weighed and 3.79 mg of DOTA-NHS-ester is dissolved in 400 μL of DMF. DIEA is added to adjust pH to be 8.5 and reacted at 30° C. for 30 min with shaking.

[0114] Isolation and purification by semi-preparative HPLC, HPLC procedure 2: Agilent 1100 Series HPLC system equipped with YMC-Pack ODS-A C18 Semi-Preparative Column (10 mm×250 mm, 120 Å pore size, particle size of 5 μm) is used with a gradient rinsing for 25 minutes and a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, in which the mobile phase A is an aqueous solution and B is acetonitrile (containing 0.05% TFA). The gradient for rinsing is set as follows: 80% A and 20% B at the start, 50% A and 50% B at 20 min, and 80% A and 20% B at 25 min. The fraction with a retention time of 15.7 minutes is collected. The collected liquid is combined and lyophilized, resulting a white powder of 3.2 mg. The yield is 46.3% with a purity of >95%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0115] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z [C.sub.55H.sub.80IN.sub.15O.sub.16].sup.+ (M+H).sup.+, 1390.50; the observed value: 1390.7040. Purity is identified by HPLC to be 98%.

[0116] (7) Preparation, Purification and Quality Control of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) is weighed accurately, quantified, re-dissolved with water, aliquoted into 20 μg/tube, and placed into a −80° C. refrigerator for storage. Upon radiolabelling, the aliquoted compound is removed and thawed at room temperature for 30 min.

[0117] Preparation: The .sup.68Ge-.sup.68Ga generator is rinsed with 0.05 M of HC1, yielding 12.4 mCi (469.9 MBq) of .sup.68Ga solution. 500 μL of the .sup.68 Ga rinse fluid is measured and placed into a clean EP tube. 12 μL of 1.25 M NaOAc solution is added to adjust the pH value to be 4.0. The .sup.68Ga fluid (4.0 mCi, 148 MBq) is added into a EP tube containing the polypeptide. The tube is heated with metal bath heating to 100° C. and the reaction runs for 10 min.

[0118] Purification: Purification is performed with a small Sep-Pak C-18 column. First, the Sep-Pak C-18 column is activated with 10 mL of absolute ethanol, followed immediately with washing the column with 10 mL of H.sub.2O. Then, the radioactive sample is passed through the Sep-Pak C-18 column and the column is washed with 10 mL of normal saline to remove the free .sup.68 Ga. At last, the column is washed with 0.4 mL of 80% ethyl alcohol and the radiolabelled product is collected. The product is sterilized through a 0.22 μm microporous filter membrane and used in the following in vivo experiments.

[0119] Quality Control: The radioactive probe is left at room temperature for 10 min and monitored for purity by radio-HPLC. Labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity are determined by radio-HPLC. A HPLC system equipped with an on-line radiation detector and the Zorbax C18 analytical column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 300 Å pore size) is used with a gradient rinsing for 30 minutes and a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min, in which the mobile phase A is an aqueous solution and the mobile phase B is acetonitrile (containing 0.05% TFA). The gradient for rinsing is set as follows: 100% A and 0% B at the start, 95% A and 5% B at 5 min, 78% A and 22% B at 30 min, and returning to the baseline gradient of 100% A and 0% B at 30-35 minutes.

[0120] Before labeling, both water and the buffer to be used are treated with Chelex 100 column to remove metallic ions. .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) is labelled in an one-step process which is a simple and rapid preparation with a labeling efficiency of 85%. After purification on C-18 Sep-Pak column, the radiochemical purities of the labelled products are all greater than 99%. The yield of the labelled product is 80% after correction and calculation, which is shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.

EXAMPLE 2

The Experiment on the Biodistribution in vivo of the Molecular Probe of Example 1

[0121] 36 of the tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice are randomized into nine groups with 4 mice per group. Among the groups, mice in each of the four groups were injected via tail vein with 0.1 mL of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) (about 1.85 MBq) and .sup.68 Ga-DOTA-c(RGDfk) (about 1.85 MBq), respectively. The mice were sacrificed after blood collection at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h, and dissected to obtain heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, stomach, bone, muscle, and tumor. The mass and the radioactive count of the dissected parts were determined and the dissected parts were weighed and measured for the radiation counting cpm. The percent injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) was calculated after decay correction. Mice in the remaining one group were injected simultaneously with 0.1 mL of the .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) solution and 0.05 mL of the c(RGDfk) (0.5 mg) solution and sacrificed one hour later. Organs were removed and weighed to measure the radiation counting cpm. The percent injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) was calculated after decay correction.

[0122] The uptake values of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) in blood and in the tumor 0.5 h after injection were 33.32±5.49% ID/g and 7.52±0.99% ID/g, respectively, in comparison with the respective uptake values of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-c(RGDfk) in blood and in the tumor 0.5 h after injection being 1.49±0.49% ID/g and 2.74 ±0.73% ID/g. In the subsequent time points, the tumor uptakes of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) were consistently higher than those of .sup.68 Ga-DOTA-c(RGDfk). The tumor uptake value for .sup.68 Ga-DOTA-A-c(RGDfk) 4 h after injection was 6.57±0.89% ID/g, 3.5 times that of .sup.68Ga-DOTA-c(RGDfk). The above indicates that the novel probe can binds efficaciously to blood serum proteins, increase the half-life of the probe in blood, and increase efficaciously the tumor uptake value (P<0.01, n=4). The probe is metabolized through kidney. The biodistribution data is shown in FIG. 2.

EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of .SUP.99m.Tc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.SUB.2

[0123] The schematic for the route of synthesizing HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 is as follows:

##STR00008##

[0124] (1) Synthesis of Compound 1, 2, and 3

[0125] Synthesis procedure for the compounds is referred to in Example 1.

[0126] (2) Synthesis of Compound 7

[0127] Compound 3 (5.64 mg, 7.65 mmol) is weighed into a 1 mL EP tube and dissolved in 500 μL of DMF. 3PRGD.sub.2 (15.75 mg, 7.8 mmol) is added, followed by addition of DIEA to adjust pH to 8.5. The reaction runs over night at room temperature. The reaction is monitored by HPLC. With HPLC procedure 1 as mentioned above, there is a peak at 13.17 min for the product. The HPLC fraction is collected and identified by mass spectrometry to be the expected product.

[0128] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z=2680.89 (the chemical formula: C.sub.123H.sub.181IN24O.sub.35 and the calculated molecular weight: 2681.22 Da.).

[0129] (3) Synthesis of Compound 8

[0130] 125 μL of piperidine is added into the EP tube in the last step, the Fmoc protective group is deprotected, 500 μL of ethyl ether is added further into the reaction system and high-speed centrifugal sedimentation is performed. The ethyl ether phase is discarded and the resulting product is a white solid of about 10.6 mg with a yield of 56%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0131] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z=2460.85 (M+H).sup.+, 2482.87 (M+Na).sup.+ (the chemical formula: C.sub.108H.sub.171IN.sub.24O.sub.33 and the calculated molecular weight: 2459.15 Da.).

[0132] A small amount of the solid was obtained, weighed, re-dissolved and assayed for purity by HPLC with the purity of 92.5%

[0133] (4) Synthesis of Compound 9

[0134] Compound 8 (5 mg, 2.03 mmol) is weighed and 0.9 mg of SBZH-HYNI is dissolved in 500 μL of DMF. DIEA is added to adjust pH to be 8.5 and reacted at 30° C. for 10 min with shaking. Isolation and purification by semi-preparative HPLC, HPLC procedure 3: Agilent 1100 Series HPLC system equipped with YMC-Pack ODS-A Semi-Preparative Column (10 mm×250 mm, 120 Å pore size, particle size of 5 μm) is used with a gradient rinsing for 30 minutes and a flow-rate of 1 mL/min, in which the mobile phase A is an aqueous solution and the mobile phase B is acetonitrile (containing 0.05% TFA). The gradient for rinsing is set as follows: 100% A and 0% B at the start, 75% A and 25% B at 5 min, 50% A and 50% B at 25 min, and returning to the baseline gradient of 100% A and 0% B at 25-30 minutes. The fraction with a retention time of 15.2 minutes is collected. The collected liquid is combined and lyophilized, resulting a white powder of 1.95 mg. The yield is 34.8% with a purity of >95%. The resulting product is confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis to be the expected product.

[0135] MALDI-TOF-MS: m/z=2763.07 (M+H).sup.+, 2785.21 (M+Na).sup.+ (the chemical formula: C.sub.121H.sub.180IN.sub.27O.sub.37S and the calculated molecular weight: 2762.18 Da.).

[0136] A small amount of the solid was obtained, dissolved and assayed by HPLC to be of more than 99% purity.

[0137] (5) Preparation and Quality Control of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2

[0138] 20 μL of HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 (1 mg/mL, dissolved in pure water), 100 μL of tricine solution (100 mg/mL, dissolved in 25 mM succinate buffer, pH 5.0), 100 μL of TPPTS (60 mg/mL, dissolved in 25 mM succinate buffer, pH 5.0), and 100 μL of Na.sup.99mTcO.sub.4 (10 mCi) were added into an EP tube sequentially. The resulting mixture was mixed to homogeneity and then heated in a water bath at 100° C. for 25 min. The labelled product was cooled and assayed for labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity by HPLC (HP 1100 high-performance liquid chromatography, equipped with LB-509 radiation detector).

[0139] .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2was prepared by a non-SnCl.sub.2 one-step procedure. The labelled product was assayed by the radio-HPLC with the retention time of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 being 11.8 min and the measured labeling efficiency of >99%. The results are shown in FIG. 3.

EXAMPLE 4

Blood Clearance Experiment on the Molecular Probe of Example 3

[0140] 14 of KunMing female mice aged 4-5 weeks were obtained and randomized into two groups. Mice in each of the groups were injected with 0.1 mL of.sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-3PRGD.sub.2 (individually about 1.85 MBq), respectively. Blood was collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 min after injection and the radiation counting cpm was measured. The percent injected doses per gram (% ID/g) for the two probes in blood were calculated after decay correction.

[0141] By the blood clearance experiment, we can see that the properties of the structurally modified 3PRGD.sub.2 probe in the body were changed significantly in comparison to those of the original probe. The drug rapid and slow half-lives of.sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 were 4.57 and 93.32 min, respectively. However, the drug rapid and slow half-lives of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-3PRGD.sub.2 (not structurally modified) were 0.72 and 17.91 min, respectively. The drug rapid and slow half-lives were increased by 6.3- and 15 5.2-fold, respectively. At 1 min of the injection, the uptake value in blood was 17.07±11.77% ID/g for the unmodified molecular probe, and 44.76±11.83% ID/g for .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2, the latter being 2.6-fold the former. At 5 min, the uptake value was only 4.39±2.55% ID/g for the former, and 33.63±7.83% ID/g for the latter (namely, the molecular probe of the invention), the latter being 7.6-fold the former. At 10 min, the uptake value was 1.99±1.54% ID/g for the former, and 19.06±6.51 20% ID/g for the latter. The uptake value for the former was decreased below 0.5% ID/g at 60 min after injection, and was 0.34±0.18% ID/g at 240 min vs that for the latter being 2.81±0.83% ID/g and 8-fold that for the original probe. It can be seen that the structural modification extends the blood residence time of 3PRGD.sub.2 much longer (P<0.01, n=7), which is favorable for the increased uptake value of the probe at tumor site. The result of the blood clearance experiment is shown in FIG. 4.

EXAMPLE 5

SPECT/CT Imaging of the Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice with the Molecular Probe of Example 3

[0142] .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 (hereinafter referred to as the molecular probe of the invention) was prepared according to Example 3. At the same time, .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-3PRGD.sub.2 (hereinafter referred to as the control probe) was prepared according to the labeling procedure for 3PRGD.sub.2. After being detected by radio-HPLC, each of the probes were diluted with normal saline to 2 mCi/100 μL and the dilutions were injected intravenously into the U87-MG tumor-bearing nude mice. Each of the mice were injected via tail vain with 100 μL of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2. The specific uptaking of the agent into various organs and tissues of the tumor-bearing mice was validated by the blockade experiment. Mice in the blockade group were injected via tail vain with 100 μL of 1 mg 3PRGD.sub.2 cold peptide, followed immediately by injection with 100 L, of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2. At the same time, each of the agents was measured in 50 μCi and quantified. The SPECT/CT images were acquire at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after injection, respectively. Pictures of SPECT/CT imaging U87 MG-bearing nude mice are shown in FIG. 5.

[0143] FIG. 6A is the % ID/g of.sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-3PRGD.sub.2 in the U87 tumor; FIGS. 6B, 6C and 6D are comparison of the tumor/kidney, tumor/muscle, and tumor/liver ratios of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-3PRGD.sub.2, respectively. The result is expressed as the mean±SD (n=3).

[0144] The tumor was imaged very well with the molecular probe of the invention at each of the acquisition time points, even at 24-hour after injection. This is related to the longer blood residence time of the modified probe, therefor the enhanced tumor uptake. As shown in the quantitative analysis in FIG. 6A, the molecular probe of the invention is cleared very slowly at the tumor, with 11.85±2.18% ID/g, 21.17±0.49% ID/g, and 22.27±1.64% ID/g at 0.5, 8, and 24 h after injection, respectively. As shown in FIG. 6B, the tumor/kidney ratios of the modified novel probe are increased in comparison with the control probe. The tumor/kidney ratio of the control probe is 1.14±0.26 1 hour after injection and 1.21±0.17 24 hours after injection with the corresponding ratios of the molecular probe of the invention being 1.57±0.26 and 1.92±0.17, respectively. The tumor/non-tumor ratio of the modified 3PRGD.sub.2 is improved as well, as shown in FIGS. 6C and 6D. This indicates that the biodistribution property and the pharmacokinetic profile of the modified molecular probe is better than those of the original probe.

EXAMPLE 6

Biodistribution of the Molecular Probe of Example 3

[0145] 24 of the U87-bearing nude mice were randomized into 6 groups with 4 mice per group. Time points were set at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours. Nude mice in each group were injected via tail vein with 20 μCi of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2. A group of the nude mice injected with 3PRGD.sub.2 were used as the blockage group. The animals were sacrificed after the injection. Blood and main viscera were removed, weighed, and measured for radiation counting cpm. The percent injected doses per gram (% ID/g) was after decay correction.

[0146] Preparation of the reference sample for biodistribution: 100 μL of the solution of the label to be used in the biodistribution experiment was added with a injector into a volumetric flask of 100 mL and water was added to make up to volume of 100 mL and thoroughly mixed. 1 mL of the resulting solution was obtained accurately with a pipetted and measured with a gamma counter for radiation counting. This radiation counting is scaled-up 100-fold serving as a Standard injection dose for injection. Three parallel samples were prepared and the average value was obtained from the parallel samples.

[0147] As shown in FIG. 7, after injection with .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-A-3PRGD.sub.2 via tail vain, the uptake of the imaging agent in U87 tumor was increased first and then decreased over the extended time. The uptakes in the tumor at the four time points of 1, 2, 4, and 8 h were shown respectively as follows: 22.38±3.68% ID/g, 21.71±3.61% ID/g, 25.96±1.69% ID/g, 23.53±3.40% ID/g. The organ with the highest uptake is kidney in which ID/g was consistently above 30% % ID/g. So the radioactive probe should have been metabolized through the kidney, which is consistent with the SPECT/CT imaging result. The uptakes of the probe in the remainder of the organs after injection are higher than those of the control probe, for structural modification on the polypeptide of the invention enables the polypeptide to circulate together with blood in the body longer time, therefor resulting the variably increased uptake values in all of the organs.

EXAMPLE 7

Preparation of .SUP.177.Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.SUB.2

[0148] ##STR00009## ##STR00010## ##STR00011##

[0149] (1) Preparation of Compound 2 is the same as Example 1

[0150] (2) Preparation of Compound 11

[0151] 100.0 mg (250 μmol) of Compound 10, 76.4 mg (400 μmol) of EDC.HCL and 46.0 mg (400 μmol) of NHS were weighed and dissolved in 5 mL of methylene chloride. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was isolated and purified by silica-gel chromatography and the eluent was methylene chloride containing 2% of methanol. The solvent was removed by distillation under the reduced pressure, yielding a white powdery solid of 85.2 mg. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 50% mobile phase A and 50% mobile phase B at 0 min; 10% mobile phase A and 90% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 50% mobile phase A and 50% mobile phase B at 30 min. A small amount of the product was obtained, tested by HPLC for purity (with the retention time of 17.7 minutes) and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0152] (3) Preparation of Compound 12

[0153] 85.2 mg (147 μmol) of Fmoc-Cys(tBu)-NHS Compound 11 and 61.0 mg (145 μmol) of Compound 2 was weighed. 400 μL of DMF and 20 μL of DIEA were added. The resulting mixture was sonicated in water bath to form a suspension. 400 μL of pure water was added to dissolve totally the solid in the suspension. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with a retention time of 20.9 min was collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 50% mobile phase A and 50% mobile phase B at 0 min; 10% mobile phase A and 90% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 50% mobile phase A and 50% mobile phase B at 30 min. The collected fraction was lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 67.2 mg. A small amount of the product was obtained, verified by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0154] (4) Preparation of Compound 13

[0155] 67.2 mg (84.1 μmol) of Compound 12 was weighed, added into 20% piperidine-DMF, dissolved and then reacted at room temperature for 10 min. The mixture was isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with a retention time of 24.1 min was collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 0 min; 45% mobile phase A and 55% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 30 min. The collected fraction was lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 27.8 mg. A small amount of the product was obtained, verified by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0156] (5) Preparation of Compound 14

[0157] 10.0 mg (12.5 μmol) of Compound 13 and 10 mg (13.1 μmol) of DOTA-NHS were weighed and dissolved in 200 μL of DMF. 10 μL of DIEA was added. The insoluble was sonicated into a suspension. 200 μL of pure water was added to dissolve totally the solid in the suspension. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with a retention time of 21.7 min is collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 0 min; 45% mobile phase A and 55% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 30 min. The collected fraction was lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 8.5 mg. The product was verified by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0158] (6) Preparation of Compound 15

[0159] 8.5 mg (8.8 μmol) of Compound 14 was weighed and added into 200 μL of 20% TFMSA-TFA to react for 30 seconds, immediately followed by addition of 400 μL of DMF to prevent acidolysis of the product. The mixture was isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with the retention times of 26.6 and 26.9 min is collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 0 min; 45% mobile phase A and 55% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 85% mobile phase A and 15% mobile phase B at 30 min. The collected fraction was lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 1.2 mg. The product was verified by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0160] (7) Preparation of MAL-3PRGD.sub.2 (L7)

[0161] 10 mg (4.8 μmol) of 3PRGD.sub.2 and 2.0 mg (6.5 μmol) of Mal-NHS were weighed and 200 μL DMF and 10 μL DIEA were added. The mixture liquid was stirred overnight at room temperature. The mixture was isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with a retention time of 22.1 min is 5 collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 0 min; 60% mobile phase A and 40% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 30 min. The liquid was lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 6.7 mg. A small amount of the product was obtained, verified by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

[0162] 10 (8) Preparation of Compound 16

[0163] 0.7 mg (0.8 μmol) of Compound 15 was weighed, 1.8 mg (0.8 μmol) of MAL-3PRGD.sub.2 was added, and 0.1 M of phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) was added. The reaction run overnight at room temperature with shanking. The product is isolated and purified by HPLC. The eluted peak with a retention time of 25.6 min is collected. The gradient and the time for HPLC procedure were: 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 0 min; 60% mobile phase A and 40% mobile phase B at min; and 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 30 min. The eluents for the product peak were combined and lyophilized, yielding a white powdery solid of 1.2 mg. A small amount of the product was obtained, tested by HPLC for purity and then identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Purity of the product was assayed by HPLC to be >98%. The result of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was shown to be m/z=3160.84. The experimental result indicates that [M+H].sup.+ is consistent with the theory molecular mass (M=3161,36) of C137H215IN30045S.

[0164] (9) Preparation, Purification and Quality Control of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2

[0165] 20 μg of Compound 16, DOTA-3PRGD.sub.2 or DOTA-A-L was added, then 200 μL of ammonium acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH=4.8) and 5 to 25 mCi .sup.177LuC13 were added. The mixture liquid was left in air-bath heater at 99° C. and reacted for 20 minutes. The product was yielded after free cooling. To prevent the labelled product from radiation self-decomposition, 200 μL of the aqueous solution of gentisic acid was added (1 mg/mL). The labelled product can be kept stably at room temperature for over 6 hrs.

[0166] The radiochemical purity (RCP) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L were determined with HPLC-1260 Infinity Liquid Chromatography System equipped with a radiation detector, the Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C18 (250×4.6 mm, 5 μm) Chromatographic Column (250×10 mm, 5 μm) and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Mobile phase A is water (containing 0.05% TFA) and mobile phase B is acetonitrile (containing 0.05% TFA). The gradient and the time for the procedure were: 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 0 to 5 min; 60% mobile phase A and 40% mobile phase B at 25 min; and 90% mobile phase A and 10% mobile phase B at 30 min.

[0167] The chromatogram of radio-HPLC for the final product .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 is shown in FIG. 8.

EXAMPLE 8

Distribution of the Molecular Probe of Example 7 in Blood

[0168] 15 of KunMing mice were randomized into three groups (n=5). The mice were injected individually via tail vein with 100 μL (740 KBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 in Example 14 of the invention and of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 or .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L as a control. An appropriate amount of blood was collected from the medial canthus of the mice after injection, weighed and measured for radiation counting cpm. The percent injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) of the radiopharmaceuticals in blood were calculated. Non-linear regression analysis was performed on the experimental results with GraphPad Prism 7.0 software and the rapid and slow half-lives in the two-compartmental model of metabolism in blood (Two phase decay) were calculated.

[0169] According to the experimental results shown in FIG. 9, the rapid and slow half-lives for .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 are 6.909 min and 77.15 min, respectively, while 1.231 min and 20.83 min for .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2. It can be seen that blood residence time of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 of the invention is significantly longer than that of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2, which turns out that the structural modification on the polypeptide the present invention can extend the residence time of c(RGDfk) in blood indeed. This indicates that the RGD probe adapted in the present invention binds strongly to MSA and can be circulated together with blood in the body longer, resulting in the increased concentration of the radioactive probe in blood. The integral of the percent injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) of the probe in blood with respect to time (area under the curve, AUC) can exhibit the effect of the agent in blood. AUCs (% ID/g-h) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 0 to 72 hours after administration is sequentially 208.9 and 27.0. The experimental result indicates that the blood pharmacokinetic of the novel .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 of the invention in blood is 7.7 times higher than that of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2. While the shortest low half-life of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L in blood is longer than that of the molecular probe of the invention, the other properties thereof as a molecular probe are inferior much to those of the molecular probe of the invention, such as residence and uptake in the tumor, which will be detailed in the following Examples.

EXAMPLE 9

SPECT/CT Imaging of the Tumor-Bearing Nude Mice with the Molecular Probe of Example 7

[0170] The SPECT/CT imaging system (Mediso) has 4 probes and parallel hole collimators. The U87-MG tumor-bearing mice were injected via the tail vein with 100 μL (20 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2, or .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L. Then, SPECT imaging was performed 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hr. after injection. Mice were anesthetized with 1.5% isoflurane-oxygen mixture during imaging and restrained in prone position on a small animal bed. Mice in the blockade group were injected with the labelled product mixed simultaneously with 1.0 mg of 3PRGD.sub.2 cold peptide. The SPECT image and the CT image were merged and the region of interest (ROI) in the SPECT image was outlined in the 3D image. The percent injected dose per gram of tissue and organ (% ID/cc) was calculated. The imaging and quantification results include the physical and biological half-life, with no decay correction. The results were shown in FIG. 10.

[0171] We find that the probe of the invention .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 has an appropriate pharmacokinetics, a high tumor uptake and a high tumor contrast in the tumor. More importantly, the uptake of the probe in the tumor is consistently higher than those thereof in all of the other normal tissues and organs. Quantification of the tumor in the tumor-bearing mice 1 to 72 hours after injection indicated that the accumulative uptake values for .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2, and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L in the tumor were 662.0, 158.7, and 266.3 ID/cc-h, respectively. The tumor was imaged very well with .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 at each of the acquisition time points, and imaged sharply at tumor site even 48 hours after injection, while the control probe exhibited a high background, a low contrast ratio and few enrichment at the tumor site. As shown by the quantitative analysis in FIG. 10, the molecular probe of the invention exhibited the highest uptake value at the tumor and was cleared very slowly. The tumor uptake was highest 4 hour after administration in the tumor-bearing mice with the percent injected doses per gram of 26.52±0.58% ID/g. It indicates that the biodistribution property and the pharmacokinetic profile of the molecular probe of the invention is better than those of the original probe.

EXAMPLE 10

The Experiment on the Biodistribution of the Molecular Probe of Example 7 in the Body

[0172] Sixteen of the U87-MG tumor-bearing mice were injected via the tail vein with 100 μL (0.74 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, (n=4). The mice were sacrificed 1, 4, 24 and 72 hrs. after injection 0.4 of the tumor-bearing mice were obtained and injected via tail vein with 100 μL of the mixture of 740 KBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 and 0.5 mg of 3PRGD.sub.2 cold peptide. The mice were sacrificed 1 hour after injection. 12 of the tumor-bearing mice were obtained and randomized into 3 groups (n=4) and injected via tail vein with 100 μL (0.74 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 or .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L and sacrificed 4 hour after injection. Blood and other main tissues 5 and organs were removed, weighed and measured for the radiation counting (cpm). The percent injected dose per gram tissue (% ID/g) was calculated.

[0173] As shown in FIG. 11A, the tumor uptake values for .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2, and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L 4 hours after injection are 26.52±0.58, 4.91±0.92%, and 4.80±1.19% ID/g, respectively. The uptake of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 in the tumor is significant higher than these of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 (P<0.0001) and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L (P<0.0001).

[0174] As shown in FIG. 11B, the tumor uptake values for the tumor-bearing mice 1, 4, 24 and 72 hours after injection 19.93±1.99, 28.57±5.27, 11.67±2.80, and 2.66±1.14% ID/g. In addition to the tumor, the uptake of the probe is highest in the kidney and the radioactive probe should have been metabolized through the kidney, which is consistent with the SPECT/CT imaging result. At 4 hr, the ratio of tumor/kidney is over 2-folds (28.57 vs 13.70% ID/g).

[0175] As shown in FIG. 11C, the tumor uptake values in the blockade group and in the normal group 1 hour after administration were 6.41±1.52 and 19.93±1.98% ID/g, respectively. The experimental result demonstrates that the tumor uptake in the blockade group is lower significantly than then non-blockade group (P<0.005) and the uptake of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 in the U87-MG tumor is specific.

EXAMPLE 11

The Targeted Radiotherapy with the Molecular Probe of Example 7

[0176] 35 of the U87-MG tumor-bearing mice were obtained and randomized into 5 groups (n=7): The mice in Group 1 were injected via tail vain with 100 μL (18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. The mice in Group 2 were injected via tail vain with 100 μL, (18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2. The mice in Group 3 were injected via tail vain with 100 μL (18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L. The mice in Group 4 were injected via tail vain with 100 μL (9 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. The tumor-bearing mice in Group 5 were injected with 100 μL of PBS as a control. Changes in the body weight and the tumor volume were monitored every 2 days after injection. The tumor volume reaching to 1000 mm.sup.3 was set as the humane endpoint.

[0177] The results are shown in FIGS. 12A-12B. FIGS. 12A and 12B are the trend graphs for the tumor volume as a function of time with the molecular probe of the invention .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 at the same doses (18 Mbq) as .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L in the control groups, as well as at a half dose (9 Mbq).

[0178] The tumor volume 14 days after administration was: 401.3±195.5 mm.sup.3 in the treatment group with 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, 691.3±195.9 mm.sup.3 in the treatment group with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, 1122.4±189.6 mm.sup.3 in the treatment group with 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2, 897.4±178.0 mm.sup.3 in the treatment group with 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L, and 1336.3±315.4 mm.sup.3 in the control group with PBS. The results of the therapy experiment demonstrates that at the injection dose of 18 MBq, the therapeutic effect in .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 treatment group is significantly superior to that in the .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 treatment groups (p<0.0001) and in the .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L treatment groups (p<0.05). During the treatment, both the changes in body weight of the mice in the three treatment groups mentioned above and the survival metrics were within the normal range. In the same while, the proportions for the changes in the body weights of the mice injected with three probes were all within the normal range, with no apparent acute toxicity. More importantly, the therapeutic effect resulting from reduction of the administered dose of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 to 9 MBq remains significantly higher than that from the doubled dose of .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 (p<0.01). The results of the experiment demonstrates that .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 has the better therapeutic effect in comparison with the conventional .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2. It has been shown experimentally that .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 can inhibit significantly the tumor growth in the U87-MG bearing mice within 10 days after the targeted treatment with the nuclide. The ratios of the tumor volume on Day 10 against the original volume (V/VO) in the treatment groups and in the control group was 1.4 and 8.0, respectively.

[0179] FIG. 12B is the trend graphs for the mouse weight as a function of time with the molecular probe of the invention .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 at the same doses (18 Mbq) as .sup.177Lu-3PRGD.sub.2 and .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L in the control groups, as well as at a half dose (9 Mbq). The results of the experiment demonstrates that the BALB/c nude mice are tolerant to .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 at the dose of 18 MBq administered. The mouse weight and the routine blood indices in the dosing groups were decreased and then returned to normal. The proportion for mouse weight loss is greatest on Day 6 after administration at the dose of 18MB and returned to normal on Day 14 after administration. The initial weight percent in the dosing and control groups on Day 6 are 90.8±3.7% and 98.7±5.0%; and the initial weight percent in the dosing and control groups on Day 14 are 100.5±4.1% and 100.7±3.4%. There is no significant changes in the mouse weight during 14 days of treatment with the probe of the invention, compared to the control group. It can be shown that the molecular probe of the invention has fewer side effects and high safety.

EXAMPLE 12

Test with the Molecular Probe of Example 7 in MC-38 Mouse Model

[0180] (1) The Experiment on the Biodistribution of the Molecular Probe of Example 7 In Vivo

[0181] The results are shown in FIG. 13A. Distribution of the molecular probe of the invention at 1, 4, 24, 72 hrs. It can be known from the result that the uptake of the molecular probe of the invention as a imaging agent is increased first and then decreased in MC-38 tumor over the extended time and reached the highest peak at 4 h, the percent injected doses per gram thereof being 32.51±4.95% ID/g and the highest in all organs. It can be seen that the molecular probe of the invention has very high uptake ratio in the tumor/other organs.

[0182] (2) SPECT/CT Imaging of the MC-38-Bearing Nude Mice with the Molecular Probe of Example 7

[0183] The results are shown in FIG. 13B. The tumor was imaged very well with the probe of the invention at the acquisition time points 1, 4, and 24 hours, and imaged sharply at tumor site with all but almost no background and high contrast ratio. It indicates that the biodistribution property and the pharmacokinetic profile of the molecular probe of the invention is better than those of the original probe.

[0184] (3) Changes in Tumor Volume and Mouse Weight after Injection of the Molecular Probe of Example 7

[0185] The results are shown in FIGS. 13C and 13D. FIG. 13C is the trend graph for the tumor size as a function of time with the molecular probe of the invention .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 at the doses of 18 and 9 Mbq. It can been seen in the FIG. 13C that the tumor was eliminated completely from Day 12 to Day 20 with the molecular probe of the invention at the dose of 18 Mbq, while it was not the case as shown in FIG. 12A Example 11. In comparison with the U87-bearing mice in Example 11, which are immunodeficient, the MC-38-bearing mice in this Example have immune competence themselves and therefore are closer to the functional status in the human patient. This can demonstrate that the molecular probe of the invention can elicit patient's own immunocompetence in treatment of the tumor, enable a better therapeutic effect, and suppress and eliminate the tumor efficiently. FIG. 13D is the trend graph for the mouse weight as a function of time with the molecular probe of the invention at the doses of 18 and 9 Mbq. It can been seen in the FIG. 13D that there is no significant changes in the mouse weight during 20 days of treatment with the probe of the invention. It can be shown that the molecular probe of the invention has fewer side effects and high safety.

EXAMPLE 13

Remodeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with the Targeted Radiotherapy of Example 7

[0186] (1) Animal Model

[0187] MC-38 (mouse colorectal cancer cell) cells are provided by the Key Research Group, Center for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The cell was seeded in a DMED high glucose medium containing 10% of thermally inactivated fetal bovine serum and cultured in a humidified incubation chamber at 37° C. with 5% CO.sub.2. The C57/BL6 female mice (of 4 to 6 weeks of age) were purchased from Peking University Health Science Department of Laboratory Animal Science and the animal experimentation was in accordance with the stipulations and requirements from the Animal Care and Use Committee, Beijing University. To prepare the tumor-bearing mouse model, 100 μL (1×10.sup.6) of MC-38 single cell suspension was injected subcutaneously at the right axillary of the normal mouse and the tumor would be formed in about one week.

[0188] (2) Targeted Radiotherapy

[0189] 21 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice were obtained, randomized into 3 groups (n=7), and individually injected intravenously with 100 μL of the different radioactive doses (0, 9 or 18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. Changes in the body weight and the tumor volume were monitored every 2 days after administration. The difference in therapeutic efficacy among the groups was compared. Tumor volume (mm.sup.3)=length of the tumor (mm)×width of the tumor (mm) x height of the tumor (mm)×0.5. When the tumor volume is greater than 1200 mm.sup.3, the mice was judged to be dead.

[0190] The results indicates that: The effect of the targeted radiotherapy with .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 is apparent. As shown in FIG. 14A, the tumor was ablated completely 12 days after administration in tumor-bearing mice treated with 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 and did not recur 1 month after cure. Tumor growth was inhibited significantly in the mice treated at the dose of 9 MBq. However, treatment with the low dose of 9 MBq can't inhibit tumor growth for a long term.

[0191] The results indicates that: The targeted radiotherapy with .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 has good effectiveness and safety. Although being subject to more apparent loss 2 to 4 days after treatment, the body weights of the mice in the treatment groups (at 9 and 18 MBq) can all returned to the levels equivalent to those in the control group at the end of treatment, as shown in FIG. 14B.

[0192] (3) The anti-tumor immune response mediated by effector T cells

[0193] To investigate the anti-tumor effect elicited by the immune system in the targeted radiotherapy with .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, the effector T cells in the body of the mouse during the targeted radiotherapy were depleted with an anti-CD 8 antibody, and the difference between the therapeutic effect on the tumor in the depleted mice and the normal mice was compared. 21 of the MC-38-tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 3 groups (n=7): The mice in Group 1 were injected via tail vain with phosphate buffer, serving as an experimental control. The mice in Group 2 were subject to a conventional targeted radiotherapy by injection via tail vain with 18 MBq of.sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. In addition to receiving 18 MBq of the targeted radiotherapy, the mice in Group 3 were injected via tail vain with 200 μg of the CD8 antibody every 2 days in 0 to 6 days after administration, to deplete effector T cells in the mice. Changes in the tumor volume were monitored every 2 days after administration.

[0194] The results indicates that: effector T cells play an important anti-tumor role in the targeted radiotherapy. As shown in FIG. 14C, the therapeutic effect of the targeted radiotherapy at the dose of 18 MBq in the CD8 antibody-depleted mice is substantially impaired in comparison with that in the immune normal mice. Thus, it can be seen that CD8.sup.+ T cells playing an important role in the targeted radiotherapy. .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2 not only kills directly tumor cells, but also can direct the body to generate apparent anti-tumor immunity and play a key role in inhibiting the growth of the tumor.

[0195] (4) Changes in Tumor Immune Microenvironment

[0196] 20 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice were randomized into 5 groups (n=4), and individually injected intravenously with 100 μL of the different radioactive doses (0, 6, 9, 12 and 18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, for remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. On Day 6 after administration, the mice were sacrificed and tumor tissues were removed and prepared into a digested single cell suspension. Infiltration of T lymphocytes within the tumor mass was analyzed by flow cytometry and the change in the expression level of PD-L1 on tumor cells and immune cells was investigated. Tumor tissue was digested with a cell digest solution comprising 1 mg/mL collagenase IV (Worthington) and 0.1 mg/mL DNAase I (Roche). The surface of the T cells was stained at 4° C. for 30 min with the staining antibody used: CD45 (1 μg/mL, Cat. 56-0451-82, eBioscience), CD3e (1 μg/mL, Cat. 25-0031-82, eBioscience), CD8a (2.5 μg/mL, Cat. 11-081-82, eBioscience), CD4 (1 μg/mL, Cat. 45-0042-82, eBioscience). Subsequently, intranuclear staining was performed on T cells using the transcriptional factor staining buffer kit for Foxp3 staining (Cat. 00-523-00, eBioscience) and Foxp3 (1 μg/mL, Cat. 12-4771-82, eBioscience). The tumor cells and the myeloid immune cells were stained on their surface at 4° Cfor 30min with the antibodies used: CD45 (1 μg/mL, Cat. 56-0451-82, eBioscience), CD11b (1 μg/mL, Cat. 11-0112-82, eBioscience) and CD274 (1 μg/mL, Cat. 12-5982-82, eBioscience). The flow cytometric sample was analyzed with Gallios flow cytometer (Beckman Counter) and the experimental data was processed using the software Flowjo 7.0 (Tree Star).

[0197] The results indicates that: The targeted radiotherapy can significantly increase infiltration of CD4.sup.+ and CD8.sup.+ T lymphocytes (rather than T-reg cells) into the tumor tissue. As shown in FIG. 15A, with being stimulated with the different doses (0, 6, 9, 12 and 18 MBq), the proportions of CD4.sup.+ T lymphocytes (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD4.sup.+ cells) infiltrating into the tumor are sequentially 1.04±0.55, 0.76±0.18, 1.17±0.41, 1.82±0.65, 2.24±0.78 and 4.84±0.85%; the proportions of CD8.sup.+ T lymphocytes (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD8.sup.+ cells) infiltrating are sequentially 1.12±0.51, 1.12±0.48, 1.06±0.31, 2.09±0.58, 2.71±0.53 and 4.09±0.93%; and the proportions of T-reg cells (CD45.sup.+CD3e.sup.+CD4.sup.+ Foxp-3.sup.+ cells) infiltrating are sequentially 0.37±0.27, 0.22±0.08, 0.21±0.07, 0.28±0.13, 0.31±0.13 and 0.34±0.12%.

[0198] The results indicates that: The targeted radiotherapy can significantly up-regulate the expression level of PD-L1 on the surface of myeloid immune cells (rather than tumor cells) in the tumor. As shown in FIG. 15B, with being stimulated with the different doses (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 MBq), the amounts of PD-L1 expression (Mean Fluorescence Intensity, MFI) on the tumor cell (CD45-cell) are sequentially 441±68, 511±168, 400±107, 436±64, 659±108 and 556±152; on myeloid immune cells(CD45.sup.+CD11b.sup.+) sequentially 1681±144, 2938±588, 3187±586, 4444±1140, 5085±926 and 6749±533.

[0199] To sum up, the targeted radiotherapy can significantly increase infiltration of the effector T cell in the tumor, and up regulate PD-L1 in the tumor, having an active effect on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy.

EXAMPLE 14

The Imaging-Guided Targeted Radiation in Combination with PD-L1 Blockade

[0200] (1) Preparation of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody, a PD-L1 Nanoantibody Probe:

[0201] .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody is prepared with PD-L1 as the biomarker. The selected anti-mouse PD-L1 nanoantibody (MY1523) is labeled with LPTEG-His6 tag at its C-terminus, subject to affinity purification with Ni-agarose gel and to site-specific linkage with transpeptidase Sortase-A. The KD value of the nanoantibody for the murine PD-L1 is 49.70±7.90 nM, with an IC.sub.50 value of 59.23±0.04 nM and high affinity and specificity.

[0202] .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody is labeled in a two-step process. First, .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-G.sub.4K (HYNIC=6-hydrazinonicotinyl, G4K=Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys) is prepared. 3 μg of HYNIC-G.sub.4K (NH.sub.2-G.sub.4K(HYNIC)-OH), 5 mg of TPPTS (3,3′,3″-phosphinidynetris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt), 6.5 mg tricine (N-[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine) and 74 to 96 MBq of Na.sup.99mTcO.sub.4 rinse fluid are added into 200 μL of succinic acid buffer (250 m M, pH=4.8) and mixed to react at 99° C. for 15 min. The reaction is subject to free cooling, and pH of the mixture is adjusted with 2 M NaOH to reach 7 to 8. Next, MY1523 is labelled with .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-G.sub.4K to preparation .sup.99mTc-MY1523. The mixture solution of 74 MBq of .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-G.sub.4K, 100 μg of MY1523, and 50 μg of Sortase-A is added into 10 μL (1 M) of CaCl.sub.2 and mixed homogenously. Then, the reaction solution reacts at room temperature for 20 min. The product is purified on a high performance exclusion chromatographic column (Superose™ 12, GE healthcare) using a phosphate buffer comprising 0.1% Tween-20 (pH=7.4) as the eluent. Radiochemical purity of the product is determined by thin-layer chromatography using a silica gel-impregnated glass microfiber chromatography paper (ITLC-SG) and normal saline as the developer (Rf values for Na.sup.99mTcO.sub.4 and .sup.99mTc-HYNIC-G.sub.4K range from 0.7 to 1, and Rf value for .sup.99mTc-MY1523 from 0 to 0.3). The prepared .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody has the radiochemical purity of >95% and the specific activity of 18.5 to 37 MBq/nmol.

[0203] (2) SPECT/CT Imaging

[0204] PD-L1 in the tumor is analyzed in a real-time, non-traumatic and dynamic manner by SPECT/CT imaging with .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody. SPECT/CT imaging is performed with NanoScan SPECT/CT Small Animal Nuclear Medicine Imaging System, and the energy peak selected for acquisition is of 140 keV, the width of the selected energy peak is 20%, and the acquisition time for a single image is 30 s. When being imaged, the mice are injected via tail vain with 18 MBq of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody and nuclear medicine imaging is conducted 2 hrs. after injection. The mice are anesthetized with isoflurane gas during the imaging. 9 of MC-38-tumor-bearing mice are obtained, divided into 3 groups (n=3), and individually injected intravenously with 100 μL of phosphate buffer and 9 or 18 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. SPECT/CT imaging with .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody is performed at Day 0, 3 and 6 after the targeted radiotherapy and the tumor uptake is quantified as the percent injected doses per gram (% ID/g).

[0205] The results indicates that: The uptake of the anti-PD-L1 nanoantibody probe by the tumor is increased significantly after the targeted radiotherapy. As shown in FIG. 16A, the tumor uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody in the low-dose treatment group (9 MBq) is continuously increasing in Days 0 to 6 after administration and highest at Day 6 after treatment, in comparison with that in the control group (PBS). Then, differences in the tumor uptake among the groups at the different doses (0, 9 and 18 MBq) are compared at Day 6 after the targeted radiotherapy. As shown in FIG. 16B, the tumor uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody after treatment with 9 or 18 MBq of the targeted radiotherapy is significantly higher than that in the control group. It has been tested that the acquired .sup.99mTc signal is not affected by .sup.177Lu signal.

[0206] (3) Biodistribution

[0207] To verify the accuracy of in vivo monitoring the tumor's PD-L1 expression with .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody, the linear relationship between the tumor uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody and the tumor's PD-L1 expression is determined. The tumor uptake of the nanoantibody probe is assayed at the tissue level by a biodistribution experiment and PD-L1 expression in the tumor is assayed at the cellular level by flow cytometery after the biodistribution experiment. 20 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice are obtained and randomized into 5 groups (n=4). The mice in each group are injected intravenously with 100 μL of the different dose (0, 6, 9, 12 and 18 MBq) of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, for remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. Biodistribution experiment on .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody was conducted after Day 6 of the targeted radiotherapy. The mice were injected via tail vain with 720 kBq of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody and sacrificed 2 h after administration. Blood, tumor tissue and other main tissues or organs were removed, weighed and measured for the radiation counting (cpm). The percent injected dose per gram (% ID/g) of the individual tissues and organs were calculated. The energy peak selected for gamma-counting was from 135 to 155 keV. It was tested that the acquired .sup.99mTc signal is not affected by .sup.177Lu signal. After being measured for radiation counting of the tumor, the tumor tissue was digested immediately to prepare a single cell suspension. PD-L1 expression in the tumor cell (CD 45.sup.−) and in the myeloid immune cell (CD45.sup.+CD11b.sup.+) were separately analyzed by flow analysis.

[0208] The results indicated that: The expression level of PD-L1 in the tumor can be reflected accurately by determining the tumor uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody. As shown in FIG. 17A, the tumor uptake values of the probe .sup.99mTc-MY1523 after treatment with the different therapeutic doses (0, 6, 9, 12 and 18 MBq) were sequentially 2.27±0.26, 2.28±0.69, 3.63±0.94, 4.86±0.58, and 7.66±1.59% ID/g. As shown in FIG. 17B, there is a good linear relationship between the uptake of .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody in the tumor tissue and the PD-L1 expression in the tumor (R.sup.2=0.80). The result for biodistribution is consistent with the result for imaging. At the same time, the uptake of .sup.99mTc-MY1523 probe in the tumor is positively correlated with the expressing of PD-L1 on the infiltrating myeloid immune cells. It has been tested that the acquired .sup.99mTc signal is not affected by .sup.177Lu signal.

[0209] (4) The Window for the Dynamic Changes in PD-L1

[0210] Change in the expression level of PD-L1 in the tumor over the period of 0 to 6 days after targeted radiotherapy, namely the window for PD-L1 expression, is determined by SPECT/CT imaging with .sup.99mTc-nanoantibody. To investigate further the complete expression window for PD-L1, the dynamic changes of PD-L1 in the tumor in 0 to 12 days after targeted radiotherapy were investigated by flow cytometery. 32 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice were obtained, randomized into 2 groups (n=16) and injected individually with 100 μL of phosphate buffer or 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. The mice were sacrificed on Days 3, 6, 9 and 12 after administration. Tumor tissues were removed and digested to prepare a single cell suspension. The dynamic changes in the expression level of PD-L1 on tumor cells and myeloid cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.

[0211] The results indicates that: PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment after the targeted radiotherapy exhibits a dynamic trend of being high first and then low, and reaches the peak on Day 6 after administration. As shown in FIG. 18A, PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment is continuously up-regulated on Days 3 to 6 after administration and highest on Day 6 after administration. Then, it is continuously decreased on Days 9 to 12 after administration.

[0212] (5) Therapeutic Window of PD-L1 Blockade

[0213] The single immunotherapy with PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is administered on Days 0 to 12 days after the targeted radiotherapy and the correlation between the therapeutic window for PD-L1 blockade and the window period for the dynamic changes in PD-L1 is investigated on the basis of the dynamic changes in PD-L1, which provides a rationale for the imaging-guided combination treatment of the targeted radiation and PD-L1 blockade. 49 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice (60˜80 mm.sup.3) are obtained and randomized into 7 groups (n=7). The day for administration of the targeted radiotherapy is defined as Day 0. The mice in Group 1 are injected via tail vain with 100 μL of phosphate buffer, serving as an experimental control. The mice in Group 2 are subject to the single targeted radiotherapy by injection via tail vain with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. In addition to receiving 9 MBq of the targeted radiotherapy, the mice in Groups 3-6 are subject to the combination therapy with 100 μg of the PD-L1 antibody at the different time-points on Days 3, 6, 9, 12, respectively. Changes in the body weight and the tumor volume of the mice were monitored every 2 days. The monitoring ends upon the tumor volume being larger than 1200 mm.sup.3 and the mice are sacrificed.

[0214] The results indicates that: The effective therapeutic window of the PD-L1 monoclonal antibody is 3 to 6 days after administration and the combined dosing of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was used in the window period of PD-L1 overexpression is favorable for the enhanced efficacy of immunotherapy. As shown in FIG. 18B, the efficacy of the combination treatment with PD-L1 antibody blockade administered on Days 3 to 6 after the targeted radiotherapy significantly outperforms that in the pure targeted radiotherapy groups. However, the efficacy of the combination treatment in which PD-L1 antibody blockade was administered on Days 9 to 12 after the targeted radiotherapy is not apparent.

[0215] (6) Synergy of the Combination Therapy

[0216] Since the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade therapy is usually superior in the early stage of tumor development over in the advanced tumor, the effect of the immunotherapy in the combination therapy may be affected by tumor size and the synergy of the combination therapy needs to be further confirmed. To verify the synergy of the targeted radiotherapy and PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy, we compared the combined efficacies of PD-L1 blocking therapy administered before and after the targeted radiotherapy (namely within and out of the window period). 56 of the MC-38 tumor-bearing mice were obtained and randomized into 8 groups (n=7). The day for administration of the targeted radiotherapy is defined as Day 0 and the day for initiation of the experiment as Day −3. The mice in Group 1 were injected via tail vain with 100 μL of phosphate buffer, serving as an experimental control. The mice in Groups 2-4 were subject to the single immunotherapy by injection via tail vain with 100 μg of the PD-L1 antibody at the different time-points on Days −3, 0, and 3, respectively. The mice in Group 5 were subject to the single targeted radiotherapy by injection via tail vain with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2. In addition to receiving 9 MBq of the targeted radiotherapy, the mice in Groups 6-8 were subject to the combination administration of 100 μg of the PD-L1 antibody at the different time-points on Days −3, 0, and 3, respectively. Changes in the body weight and the tumor volume of the mice were monitored every 2 days. Tumor volume of larger than 1200 mm.sup.3 was considered fatality.

[0217] The results indicates that: The effect of the anti-PD-L 1 blockade performed after the targeted radiotherapy is more apparent in comparison with the strategies of early administration and concurrent administration. PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy administered within the time window during which PD-L1 is increased can significantly inhibit tumor growth, extend survival of the mice, indicating that the combination therapy displays the significant synergy. As shown in FIG. 19A, the therapeutic effect of the single PD-L1 blockade therapy on Day -3 significantly out performs that on Days 0 or 3 and the therapeutic effect of the early PD-L1 blockade treatment significantly out performs the late treatment. As shown in FIG. 19B, the therapeutic efficacy of administering the anti-PD-L1 blockade therapy on Day 3 after the targeted radiotherapy significantly outperforms that of concurrently administering the targeted radiotherapy and the anti-PD-L1 blockade therapy, and significantly outperforms that of administering the anti-PD-L1 blockade therapy on Days 3 before the targeted radiotherapy. As shown in FIG. 19C, in combination treatment with 9 MBq of .sup.177Lu-DOTA-A-L-3PRGD.sub.2, the 90-day survival-ratio of the mice in the groups where the PD-L1 blockade therapy is administered on Days -3, 0 and 3 are sequentially 4/7, 4/7 and 7/7.

[0218] The embodiments of the invention have been illustrated as above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Any modification and the equivalent replacement thereof, etc. within the spirit and the principles of the invention should be encompassed within the scope of protection of the present invention.